Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic targets and underlying molecular mechanisms of Z-ligustilide(Z-LIG)in treating retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods By integrating multiple databases,such as GeneCards and TargetNet,common targets for RP and Z-LIG were identified.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis of the targets was conducted using the STRING database and analyzed in Cytoscape to identify core targets.The DAVID database was employed for the functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology(GO)and the pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)for the core targets.The PubChem database was accessed for molecular docking verification to validate the binding affinity between Z-LIG and the core targets.Finally,male rd10 mice were randomly divided into a control group(n=5)and a Z-LIG treatment group(n=5).The protective effect of Z-LIG on the visual function in rd10 mice was verified through visual electrophysiology and behavioral tests.Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism of action.Results A total of 66 shared targets between RP and Z-LIG were identified through the screening process.PPI network analysis identified 55 key targets.GO enrichment analysis yielded 623 terms,which covering 3 dimensions,including cellular component(CC),molecular function(MF),and biological process(BP),such as inflammatory response.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further concentrated 124 terms,which were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking suggested that Z-LIG could specifically bind with high affinity to RP-related core targets(such as EGFR and STAT3)via hydrogen bonds.In animal experiments,compared to the control group,the rd10 mice from the Z-LIG group showed a greater preference for the dark environment in the light/dark transition test(P<0.05),exhibited significantly higher amplitudes of A-wave and B-wave in electroretinogram(ERG)(P<0.05),greater number of outer nuclear layers,with fewer apoptotic cells and less microglial activation(P<0.05),demonstrated obviously reduced protein levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in the retina(P<0.05),and had notably down-regulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6(P<0.05).Conclusion Z-LIG may exert a protective effect on the retina of rd10 mice by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT-inflammatory axis,thereby delaying retinal degeneration.

Objective:To investigate the effects of three surgical methods on anorectal dynamics indexes, pain symptoms and postoperative complications in patients with moderate to severe mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Eighty patients with moderate to severe mixed hemorrhoids diagnosed and treated in Tongling People′s Hospital from March 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects, and they were divided into mucosal resection group (30 cases), sphincterotomy group (30 cases) and mixed hemorrhoidal resection group (20 cases) according to the treatment methods. The basic conditions of operation, anorectal dynamics indexes, pain symptoms and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups.Results:The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, first postoperative defecation time, postoperative bed time and hospital stay in the mucosa resection group were all shorter than those in the sphincterotomy group and the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group:(20.57 ± 5.85) min vs. (24.68 ± 4.66) and (33.86 ± 4.27) min, (4.19 ± 0.54) ml vs. (6.34 ± 0.82) and (9.25 ± 1.39) ml, (1.57 ± 0.12) d vs. (1.95 ± 0.32) and (2.48 ± 0.54) d, (1.43 ± 0.35) d vs. (1.64 ± 0.41) and (1.90 ± 0.44) d, (4.57 ± 0.39) d vs. (5.83 ± 0.47) and (7.64 ± 0.55) d, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The above indexes in the sphincterectomy group were shorter than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The maximum rectal volume threshold (RMTV), rectal perception threshold (RSTV) and maximum rectal systolic blood pressure (MASP) in the resection group were higher than those in the sphincterotomy group: (201.59 ± 40.13) ml vs. (178.45 ± 38.59) ml, (65.54 ± 18.29) ml vs. (54.62 ± 20.39) ml, (126.36 ± 12.29) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (42.23 ± 14.46) mmHg, anal canal resting pressure (RASP) was lower than that in the sphincterotomy group: (32.59 ± 10.25) mmHg vs. (63.50 ± 13.69) mmHg, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The RMTV and RSTV in the sphincterotomy group were higher than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: (178.45 ± 38.59) ml vs. (135.85 ± 35.68) ml, (54.62 ± 20.39) ml vs. (41.34 ± 20.55) ml, the RASP and MASP were lower than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group :(63.50 ± 13.69) mmHg vs. (73.33 ± 15.69) mmHg, (42.23 ± 14.46) mmHg vs. (128.66 ± 16.33) mmHg, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the mucosa resection group were lower than those in the sphincterotomy group and the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: (1.57 ± 0.25) score vs. (2.57 ± 0.36) and (3.42 ± 0.52) score, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The VAS scores in the sphincterectomy group was lower than that in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group, there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the mucosa resection group was lower than that in the sphincterectomy group: 3.33% (1/30) vs. 20.00% (6/30), and the incidence of postoperative complications in the sphincterectomy group was lower than that in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: 20.00% (6/30) vs. 50.00% (10/20), there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.04, 4.96, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with partial internal anal sphincterotomy and external stripping and internal ligation of mixed hemorrhoids, partial rectal mucosal resection is more effective in the treatment of Ⅲ~Ⅳ grade mixed hemorrhoids, which can effectively restore anorectal dynamic indexes, reduce postoperative pain and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of synovial tissue.Ab-normal differentiation of Th17 cells may affect the progression of RA.Besides,the growth and function of Th17 cells depend on glycoly-sis.In this paper,the relationship between glycolysis-mediated differentiation of Th17 cells and the development of RA was discussed.Following that,the glycolytic metabolic signals were introduced in two aspects.These included Glut1,HK-Ⅱ,PFK-1,PFKFB3,PKM2,LDHA,and other glycolytic enzymes(proteins),as well as mTOR,HIF-1α,AMPK,NRs,and other glycolytic sensors.In addition,we displayed relevant research efforts on treating autoimmune disease,such as RA.These studies contribute to pertinent studies for the clinical treatment of RA by offering useful metabolic targets.Finally,the research progress on improving RA through the inhibition of glycolysis by active components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was described,indicating the potential of TCM in targeting glycolytic metabolic signals for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumours with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide today, posing a major threat to human health. Accurate diagnosis and standardised treatment play a crucial role in improving the survival rate of lung cancer patients. In recent years, the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in the medical field, providing a new diagnostic and treatment model for lung cancer, and making a series of breakthroughs in lung cancer diagnostic imaging, pathological diagnosis, surgical oncology, radiotherapy, and drug development and treatment. This article introduces the current status of AI application in the field of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, and extensively discusses the current challenges and future prospects, hoping to provide references and suggestions for future clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo characterize the evidence distribution and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on oral Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） for atopic dermatitis （AD） based on evidence mapping. MethodsSeven databases （CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， Cochrane Library， PubMed， and Embase） and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for the RCTs in Chinese and English. Evidence distribution was presented graphically and textually， and methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool （ROB 1.0）. ResultsA total of 168 RCTs were included. The number of annual publications showing an increasing trend， and 72.6% RCTs had sample sizes of 51-100 participants. The studies evaluated 108 distinct CHM interventions categorized as decoctions， granules， Chinese patent medicines， and extracts. Compound Glycyrrhizin was the most frequently used， followed by Xiaofengsan and Chushi Weiling decoction. Among the RCTs， 57.1% had the treatment courses of 4-8 weeks. Outcome measures predominantly focused on clinical response rate， skin lesion severity scores， and adverse events， with less attention to TCM symptom scores， skin barrier function， and relapse rates. The overall risk of bias was generally high. ConclusionWhile CHM for AD is a research hotspot and demonstrates clinical advantages， the related studies have problems such as unclear clinical positioning， poor research standardization and methodological quality， and insufficient prominence of TCM clinical advantages. Large-sample， methodologically rigorous， and high-quality studies are needed to enhance the evidence base for CHM in treating AD.

ObjectiveTo characterize the evidence distribution and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on oral Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） for atopic dermatitis （AD） based on evidence mapping. MethodsSeven databases （CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， Cochrane Library， PubMed， and Embase） and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for the RCTs in Chinese and English. Evidence distribution was presented graphically and textually， and methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool （ROB 1.0）. ResultsA total of 168 RCTs were included. The number of annual publications showing an increasing trend， and 72.6% RCTs had sample sizes of 51-100 participants. The studies evaluated 108 distinct CHM interventions categorized as decoctions， granules， Chinese patent medicines， and extracts. Compound Glycyrrhizin was the most frequently used， followed by Xiaofengsan and Chushi Weiling decoction. Among the RCTs， 57.1% had the treatment courses of 4-8 weeks. Outcome measures predominantly focused on clinical response rate， skin lesion severity scores， and adverse events， with less attention to TCM symptom scores， skin barrier function， and relapse rates. The overall risk of bias was generally high. ConclusionWhile CHM for AD is a research hotspot and demonstrates clinical advantages， the related studies have problems such as unclear clinical positioning， poor research standardization and methodological quality， and insufficient prominence of TCM clinical advantages. Large-sample， methodologically rigorous， and high-quality studies are needed to enhance the evidence base for CHM in treating AD.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumours with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide today, posing a major threat to human health. Accurate diagnosis and standardised treatment play a crucial role in improving the survival rate of lung cancer patients. In recent years, the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in the medical field, providing a new diagnostic and treatment model for lung cancer, and making a series of breakthroughs in lung cancer diagnostic imaging, pathological diagnosis, surgical oncology, radiotherapy, and drug development and treatment. This article introduces the current status of AI application in the field of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, and extensively discusses the current challenges and future prospects, hoping to provide references and suggestions for future clinical practice.

The prevalence of periodontitis in China is as high as 74.2％,making it the leading cause of tooth loss in adults and severely impacting both oral and overall health.The treatment of periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneration are global challenges of significant concern.GE Shaohua's group at School and Hospital of Stomatology,Shandong University has focused on the key scientific issue of"re-modeling the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment and optimizing tissue repair and regeneration".They have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the persistence of periodontitis,developed bioactive ma-terials to enhance stem cell regenerative properties,and constructed a series of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes to promote periodontal tissue repair,leading to the establishment of a comprehensive technology system for the treatment of periodontitis.Specific achievements and progress include:(1)Elucidating the mechanism by which key periodontal pathogens evade antimicrobial autophagy,leading to inflammatory damage;developing intelligent antimicrobial hydrogels and nanosystems,and creating metal-polyphenol network microsphere capsules to reshape the periodontal inflammatory microenviron-ment;(2)Explaining the mechanisms by which nanomaterial structures and electroactive interfaces regu-late stem cell behavior,developing optimized nanostructures and electroactive biomaterials,thereby effec-tively enhancing the regenerative repair capabilities of stem cells;(3)Creating a series of biphasic heterogeneous barrier membranes,refining guided tissue regeneration and in situ tissue engineering techniques,stimulating the body's intrinsic repair potential,and synergistically promoting the structural regeneration and functional reconstruction of periodontal tissues.The research outcomes of the group have innovated the fundamental theories of periodontal tissue regeneration,broken through foreign technologi-cal barriers and patent blockades,established a cascade repair strategy for periodontal regeneration,and enhanced China's core competitiveness in the field of periodontal tissue regeneration.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of synovial tissue.Ab-normal differentiation of Th17 cells may affect the progression of RA.Besides,the growth and function of Th17 cells depend on glycoly-sis.In this paper,the relationship between glycolysis-mediated differentiation of Th17 cells and the development of RA was discussed.Following that,the glycolytic metabolic signals were introduced in two aspects.These included Glut1,HK-Ⅱ,PFK-1,PFKFB3,PKM2,LDHA,and other glycolytic enzymes(proteins),as well as mTOR,HIF-1α,AMPK,NRs,and other glycolytic sensors.In addition,we displayed relevant research efforts on treating autoimmune disease,such as RA.These studies contribute to pertinent studies for the clinical treatment of RA by offering useful metabolic targets.Finally,the research progress on improving RA through the inhibition of glycolysis by active components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was described,indicating the potential of TCM in targeting glycolytic metabolic signals for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effects of three surgical methods on anorectal dynamics indexes, pain symptoms and postoperative complications in patients with moderate to severe mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Eighty patients with moderate to severe mixed hemorrhoids diagnosed and treated in Tongling People′s Hospital from March 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects, and they were divided into mucosal resection group (30 cases), sphincterotomy group (30 cases) and mixed hemorrhoidal resection group (20 cases) according to the treatment methods. The basic conditions of operation, anorectal dynamics indexes, pain symptoms and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups.Results:The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, first postoperative defecation time, postoperative bed time and hospital stay in the mucosa resection group were all shorter than those in the sphincterotomy group and the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group:(20.57 ± 5.85) min vs. (24.68 ± 4.66) and (33.86 ± 4.27) min, (4.19 ± 0.54) ml vs. (6.34 ± 0.82) and (9.25 ± 1.39) ml, (1.57 ± 0.12) d vs. (1.95 ± 0.32) and (2.48 ± 0.54) d, (1.43 ± 0.35) d vs. (1.64 ± 0.41) and (1.90 ± 0.44) d, (4.57 ± 0.39) d vs. (5.83 ± 0.47) and (7.64 ± 0.55) d, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The above indexes in the sphincterectomy group were shorter than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The maximum rectal volume threshold (RMTV), rectal perception threshold (RSTV) and maximum rectal systolic blood pressure (MASP) in the resection group were higher than those in the sphincterotomy group: (201.59 ± 40.13) ml vs. (178.45 ± 38.59) ml, (65.54 ± 18.29) ml vs. (54.62 ± 20.39) ml, (126.36 ± 12.29) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (42.23 ± 14.46) mmHg, anal canal resting pressure (RASP) was lower than that in the sphincterotomy group: (32.59 ± 10.25) mmHg vs. (63.50 ± 13.69) mmHg, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The RMTV and RSTV in the sphincterotomy group were higher than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: (178.45 ± 38.59) ml vs. (135.85 ± 35.68) ml, (54.62 ± 20.39) ml vs. (41.34 ± 20.55) ml, the RASP and MASP were lower than those in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group :(63.50 ± 13.69) mmHg vs. (73.33 ± 15.69) mmHg, (42.23 ± 14.46) mmHg vs. (128.66 ± 16.33) mmHg, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the mucosa resection group were lower than those in the sphincterotomy group and the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: (1.57 ± 0.25) score vs. (2.57 ± 0.36) and (3.42 ± 0.52) score, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The VAS scores in the sphincterectomy group was lower than that in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group, there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the mucosa resection group was lower than that in the sphincterectomy group: 3.33% (1/30) vs. 20.00% (6/30), and the incidence of postoperative complications in the sphincterectomy group was lower than that in the mixed hemorrhoidectomy group: 20.00% (6/30) vs. 50.00% (10/20), there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.04, 4.96, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with partial internal anal sphincterotomy and external stripping and internal ligation of mixed hemorrhoids, partial rectal mucosal resection is more effective in the treatment of Ⅲ~Ⅳ grade mixed hemorrhoids, which can effectively restore anorectal dynamic indexes, reduce postoperative pain and reduce the occurrence of complications.