ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Tangbikang granules improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on ferroptosis mediated by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （AMPK/Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsA diabetes model was established using spontaneous male Zucker diabetic fatty （ZDF） rats. After successful modeling， the rats were divided into a normal group， a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Tangbikang granules groups， and a metformin hydrochloride group. The high-， medium-， and low-dose Tangbikang granules groups were administered by gavage at doses of 2.5， 1.25， 0.625 g·kg^-1， respectively. The metformin hydrochloride group received 0.135 g·kg^-1 by gavage， while the remaining groups received an equal volume of deionized water. Administration continued for 12 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured after administration， and at 4， 8， 12 weeks. Following the 12-week intervention， the thermal pain threshold and the sciatic nerve conduction velocity （SNCV） were measured. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in the sciatic nerve were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Morphological changes in the sciatic nerve were observed using hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， and the ultrastructural changes were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPx4） were detected using immunofluorescence （IF） assay. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， GPx4， and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 （ACSL4） were detected using Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group had significantly higher blood glucose levels after administration and at weeks 4， 8 and 12 （P<0.01）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly prolonged （P<0.01）， and the SNCV was significantly slowed down （P<0.01）. The SOD and ATP levels significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the MDA levels significantly increased （P<0.01）. Pathologically， the sciatic nerve fibers in the model group showed a dispersed structure， disordered and sparse arrangement， axonal atrophy， irregular myelin sheath halo， increased and swollen Schwann cell nuclei， obvious endoneurial fibrosis， and collagen hyperplasia. Immunofluorescence assay revealed fragmented red fluorescence and significantly reduced expression of GPx4 （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis showed significantly decreased protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， and GPx4 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression of ACSL4 （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in the high-dose Tangbikang granules group at weeks 4 and 12 （P<0.05）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly shortened in the high- and medium-dose Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The SNCV was significantly accelerated in the high- and medium-dose Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The SOD levels were significantly elevated in the high-dose Tangbikang granules group （P<0.01）. The MDA levels significantly decreased in all Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. Both the metformin hydrochloride group and the high-dose Tangbikang granules group exhibited relatively orderly and densely arranged sciatic nerve fibers with more regular myelin sheath halos. The GPx4 expression significantly increased in both the metformin hydrochloride group and all Tangbikang granules groups （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK， Nrf2， and GPx4 were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while ACSL4 protein expression significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionTangbikang granules may improve peripheral neuropathy by suppressing ferroptosis through the regulation of the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze the trajectories of body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) and its influencing factors among children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) based on latent class growth modeling (LCGM), so as to provide the evidence for improving treatment measures and optimizing growth management among children with CH. Methods Children with CH aged 0 to 3 years from the Newborn Disease Screening Center of Shanxi Children's Hospital (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital) between 2017 and 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Basic information, height and weight data from 3 to 36 months of age, age at treatment initiation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at diagnosis, and family information were retrospectively collected. BAZ for children with CH at each month of age was calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. The trajectories of BAZ were analyzed using LCGM, and factors affecting the trajectories of BAZ among children with CH were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Methods: Children with CH aged 0 to 3 years from the Newborn Disease Screening Center of Shanxi Children's Hospital (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital) between 2017 and 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Basic information, height and weight data from 3 to 36 months of age, age at treatment initiation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at diagnosis, and family information were retrospectively collected. BAZ for children with CH at each month of age was calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. The trajectories of BAZ were analyzed using LCGM, and factors affecting the trajectories of BAZ among children with CH were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Results: A total of 299 children with CH were included. There were 140 boys (46.82%) and 159 girls (53.18%). The median of BAZ was 0.50 (interquartile range, 1.68). The LCGM analysis categorized the subjects into three groups: the persistent high-growth pattern group with 24 cases (8.03%), the slow-growth pattern group with 39 cases (13.04%), and the appropriate-growth pattern group with 236 cases (78.93%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the children with CH in the appropriate-growth pattern group, those who started treatment at the age of 30 to 60 days (OR=0.109, 95%CI: 0.016-0.732; OR=0.166, 95%CI: 0.032-0.852) had a lower risk of persistent high-growth and slow-growth patterns; CH children with TSH levels of 50 to 150 mIU/L at diagnosis (OR=3.554, 95%CI: 1.201-10.514) and those whose paternal had a senior high school/technical secondary school education (OR=2.975, 95%CI: 1.003-8.823) exhibited a higher risk of the persistent high-growth pattern. Conversely, CH children whose paternal reproductive age was 30 to 35 years (OR=0.166, 95%CI: 0.034-0.806) had a lower risk of the persistent high-growth pattern. Conclusions The BAZ trajectory of children with CH aged 0 to 3 years exhibited three patterns: persistent high-growth, slow-growth, and appropriate-growth. The persistent high-growth and slow-growth patterns were associated with treatment timing, TSH levels at diagnosis, paternal reproductive age, and paternal education level. It is recommended to strengthen early treatment interventions and provide family follow-up guidance.

In recent years,a growing body of research has demonstrated that acupuncture can be used to effectively treat a diverse range of diseases,including functional gastrointestinal disorders,cardiovascular diseases,as well as anxiety and depression,through the modulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN).Acupuncture may exert its therapeutic effect either by modulating specific neurons within the PVN,such as corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)neurons,or by regulating the release of hormones,such as oxytocin(OXT)and vasopressin(VP),and the activity of neural circuits associated with the PVN.This review summarizes the mechanisms by which PVN is involved in acupuncture treatment,including its regulatory mechanisms in gastrointestinal diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and negative emotions and pain.Future research should be conducted to further explore the precise mechanisms by which acupuncture regulates PVN to treat diseases,focusing on clarifying the specific processes of signaling pathway transduction,and exploring the specific effects of acupunture of different acupoint combinations and stimulation frequencies and intensity on PVN.

Objective:To understand the current status and existing issues of intellectual property ownership arrangements in international cooperation agreements concerning human genetic resources, and to explore suggestions for medical institutions to strengthen the management of Sino-foreign cooperation agreements, in order to safeguard the rights of medical institutions to benefit-sharing and promote the sustainable development of international cooperation involving human genetic resources.Methods:This study reviewed the international cooperative scientific research projects approved or completed for filing by Peking University Cancer Hospital on the National Health Commission′s Government Service Platform from July 2019 to December 2024. This study analyzed the nature of the research and the provisions regarding patent rights and intellectual property rights of other scientific and technological achievements in the hospital′s international cooperation agreements with sponsors. Existing issues in intellectual property ownership arrangements was summarized, and corresponding recommendations were proposed.Results:A total of 390 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed. Among them, there were 66 exploratory research projects, 138 marketing research projects, and 186 projects included both exploratory research and marketing research. Among the cooperation agreements containing exploratory research, 78.6% did not specify the specific connotation of exploratory research. All agreements stipulated that the hospital alone or jointly held the patent rights for the achievements generated from exploratory research. 15.1% of the agreements restricted the geographical scope of the patent rights, 13.1% restricted the hospital′s implementation of the patent rights, 8.7% unilaterally restricted the hospital's external licensing and transfer of the patent rights, and 43.7% did not stipulate the ownership of other scientific and technological achievements other than the patent rights.Conclusions:There is a lack of clear and standardized regulations regarding the scope of exploratory research. The intellectual property arrangements in the agreements show an interest-oriented tendency. The sponsors restrict the implementation, transfer, and licensing of shared patent rights by medical institutions through agreements. For other scientific and technological achievements derived from the cooperation, apart from patent rights, medical institutions have not fully exercised the rights stipulated by law. It is recommended that medical institutions clearly specify the scope of application of exploratory research. They should pay attention to the stipulations of specific rights such as the right to enforce, transfer, and license patents. They should also make full use of the enabling provisions of the law, clearly define in the agreement the ownership of other scientific and technological achievements and the distribution of rights and interests, so as to achieve a balance of interests with their partners.

Objective:To investigate the current status and challenges in legal compliance regarding the collection, utilization, sharing, cross-border transfer, and disposal of human genetic resources (HGR) in international collaboration agreements, and to explore key review points for medical institutions in international cooperation agreements to mitigate legal risks and ensure compliance in HGR-related global collaborations.Methods:We reviewed international collaborative research projects involving Peking University Cancer Hospital that were approved or filed on the National Health Commission (NHC) Administrative Service Platform between July 2019 and April 2025, analyzed the utilization of human genetic resources (HGR) materials and information in these studies, assessd compliance clauses in international agreements related to HGR management, identified gaps, and proposed actionable recommendations.Results:A total of 410 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed, of which 302 cooperation agreements signed with sponsors stipulated that research should obtain administrative approval or complete filing for human genetic resources before implementation(73.7%). However, 113 agreements had errors in citing legal provisions or incomplete agreements. A mtotal of 385 studies involved human genetic resource materials, of which 277 agreed on the compliant use of biological samples, but mainly focused on the collection and testing process, with insufficient agreements on the disposal of remaining samples. Some agreements only stipulate that ″compliant collection and use of samples″ is the sole responsibility of medical institutions, ignoring the relevant responsibilities of the sponsor, and the risk allocation is unreasonable. 361 studies involved human genetic resources information, but only 72 explicitly agreed that China′s human genetic resources information should be collected, preserved, used and shared within the approved scope of human genetic resources (less than 20%).Conclusions:The expression of human genetic resources related content in most agreements is not standardized; The management agreement for human genetic resources materials is incomplete and does not cover the entire cycle of sample processing; The responsibilities that the applicant should bear in the cooperation are unclear; The management of human genetic resource information is easily overlooked. It is recommended that medical institutions closely monitor changes in relevant laws, regulations, and management methods, and update the corresponding clauses of the agreement in a timely manner, and improve the situations that should be submitted for administrative approval or filing in the agreement; All parties involved in the cooperation should make compliance commitments for human genetic resources; Clearly stipulate the full cycle management of human genetic resources materials; Pay attention to risk prevention and control in the management of human genetic resources information; Pay attention to the systematic coverage of intellectual property types and the operability of rights implementation in international cooperation.

Objective:To investigate the application value of centrifugal microfluidic chips based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 128 test samples collected by the Yan'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2022 to January 2024. All samples underwent bacterial culture and testing using centrifugal microfluidic chips based on LAMP technology. The detection time, spiking concentration, and accuracy of two detection methods were compared. Additionally, the diagnostic efficacy of both methods was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Bacterial cultures were mostly detected within 16-48 hours, with a detection limit concentrated at 10 000 CFU/25 g. In contrast, the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology typically yielded results within 5-16 hours, with a detection limit ranging from 1 000 to 10 000 CFU/25 g. The differences were statistically significant ( t = 14.86, 573.04, both P < 0.001). When compared with subsequent confirmation results, the positive rate for bacterial culture was 75.00% (24/32), with a diagnostic accuracy of 80.47% (103/128), showing a low consistency (Kappa = 0.51, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology had a positive detection rate of 93.75% (30/32) and a diagnostic accuracy of 96.87% (124/128), also exhibiting low consistency (Kappa = 0.92, P < 0.001). In paired comparisons, the difference between the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chips and bacterial culture was statistically significant ( χ2 = 53.14, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for bacterial culture in diagnosing foodborne pathogens was 0.77, while the AUC for LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology was 0.95. Conclusions:When detecting foodborne pathogens, the use of LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology allows for the rapid identification of pathogens in a short time period, offering advantages such as high efficiency, speed, and accuracy.

Objective:To investigate the application value of centrifugal microfluidic chips based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 128 test samples collected by the Yan'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2022 to January 2024. All samples underwent bacterial culture and testing using centrifugal microfluidic chips based on LAMP technology. The detection time, spiking concentration, and accuracy of two detection methods were compared. Additionally, the diagnostic efficacy of both methods was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Bacterial cultures were mostly detected within 16-48 hours, with a detection limit concentrated at 10 000 CFU/25 g. In contrast, the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology typically yielded results within 5-16 hours, with a detection limit ranging from 1 000 to 10 000 CFU/25 g. The differences were statistically significant ( t = 14.86, 573.04, both P < 0.001). When compared with subsequent confirmation results, the positive rate for bacterial culture was 75.00% (24/32), with a diagnostic accuracy of 80.47% (103/128), showing a low consistency (Kappa = 0.51, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology had a positive detection rate of 93.75% (30/32) and a diagnostic accuracy of 96.87% (124/128), also exhibiting low consistency (Kappa = 0.92, P < 0.001). In paired comparisons, the difference between the LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chips and bacterial culture was statistically significant ( χ2 = 53.14, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for bacterial culture in diagnosing foodborne pathogens was 0.77, while the AUC for LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology was 0.95. Conclusions:When detecting foodborne pathogens, the use of LAMP-based centrifugal microfluidic chip technology allows for the rapid identification of pathogens in a short time period, offering advantages such as high efficiency, speed, and accuracy.

Objective:To understand the current status and existing issues of intellectual property ownership arrangements in international cooperation agreements concerning human genetic resources, and to explore suggestions for medical institutions to strengthen the management of Sino-foreign cooperation agreements, in order to safeguard the rights of medical institutions to benefit-sharing and promote the sustainable development of international cooperation involving human genetic resources.Methods:This study reviewed the international cooperative scientific research projects approved or completed for filing by Peking University Cancer Hospital on the National Health Commission′s Government Service Platform from July 2019 to December 2024. This study analyzed the nature of the research and the provisions regarding patent rights and intellectual property rights of other scientific and technological achievements in the hospital′s international cooperation agreements with sponsors. Existing issues in intellectual property ownership arrangements was summarized, and corresponding recommendations were proposed.Results:A total of 390 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed. Among them, there were 66 exploratory research projects, 138 marketing research projects, and 186 projects included both exploratory research and marketing research. Among the cooperation agreements containing exploratory research, 78.6% did not specify the specific connotation of exploratory research. All agreements stipulated that the hospital alone or jointly held the patent rights for the achievements generated from exploratory research. 15.1% of the agreements restricted the geographical scope of the patent rights, 13.1% restricted the hospital′s implementation of the patent rights, 8.7% unilaterally restricted the hospital's external licensing and transfer of the patent rights, and 43.7% did not stipulate the ownership of other scientific and technological achievements other than the patent rights.Conclusions:There is a lack of clear and standardized regulations regarding the scope of exploratory research. The intellectual property arrangements in the agreements show an interest-oriented tendency. The sponsors restrict the implementation, transfer, and licensing of shared patent rights by medical institutions through agreements. For other scientific and technological achievements derived from the cooperation, apart from patent rights, medical institutions have not fully exercised the rights stipulated by law. It is recommended that medical institutions clearly specify the scope of application of exploratory research. They should pay attention to the stipulations of specific rights such as the right to enforce, transfer, and license patents. They should also make full use of the enabling provisions of the law, clearly define in the agreement the ownership of other scientific and technological achievements and the distribution of rights and interests, so as to achieve a balance of interests with their partners.

Objective:To investigate the current status and challenges in legal compliance regarding the collection, utilization, sharing, cross-border transfer, and disposal of human genetic resources (HGR) in international collaboration agreements, and to explore key review points for medical institutions in international cooperation agreements to mitigate legal risks and ensure compliance in HGR-related global collaborations.Methods:We reviewed international collaborative research projects involving Peking University Cancer Hospital that were approved or filed on the National Health Commission (NHC) Administrative Service Platform between July 2019 and April 2025, analyzed the utilization of human genetic resources (HGR) materials and information in these studies, assessd compliance clauses in international agreements related to HGR management, identified gaps, and proposed actionable recommendations.Results:A total of 410 international cooperation projects on human genetic resources were analyzed, of which 302 cooperation agreements signed with sponsors stipulated that research should obtain administrative approval or complete filing for human genetic resources before implementation(73.7%). However, 113 agreements had errors in citing legal provisions or incomplete agreements. A mtotal of 385 studies involved human genetic resource materials, of which 277 agreed on the compliant use of biological samples, but mainly focused on the collection and testing process, with insufficient agreements on the disposal of remaining samples. Some agreements only stipulate that ″compliant collection and use of samples″ is the sole responsibility of medical institutions, ignoring the relevant responsibilities of the sponsor, and the risk allocation is unreasonable. 361 studies involved human genetic resources information, but only 72 explicitly agreed that China′s human genetic resources information should be collected, preserved, used and shared within the approved scope of human genetic resources (less than 20%).Conclusions:The expression of human genetic resources related content in most agreements is not standardized; The management agreement for human genetic resources materials is incomplete and does not cover the entire cycle of sample processing; The responsibilities that the applicant should bear in the cooperation are unclear; The management of human genetic resource information is easily overlooked. It is recommended that medical institutions closely monitor changes in relevant laws, regulations, and management methods, and update the corresponding clauses of the agreement in a timely manner, and improve the situations that should be submitted for administrative approval or filing in the agreement; All parties involved in the cooperation should make compliance commitments for human genetic resources; Clearly stipulate the full cycle management of human genetic resources materials; Pay attention to risk prevention and control in the management of human genetic resources information; Pay attention to the systematic coverage of intellectual property types and the operability of rights implementation in international cooperation.