Purpose: Dual anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs have become the standard regimen for neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the efficacy varies greatly among patients with different HER2 protein expression levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 575 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from multiple centers throughout China from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared clinicopathological features in different HER2 immunohistochemistry classes (HER2 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] + or HER2 3+), and their difference in response to NST and survival with single or dual anti-HER2 drugs. Drug sensitivity assays were used to evaluate different efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in vitro. Results: Compared to HER2 3+ subgroup, the HER2 2+/ISH+ group had a higher proportion of hormone receptor–positive status (48.7% vs. 76.1%, p < 0.001), more HER2 protein loss after NST, lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate (46.07% vs. 16.24%, p < 0.001), and tended to have worse disease-free survival (DFS). In HER2 2+/ISH+ patients, treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in combination had no significant improvement in pCR (19.12% vs. 12.24%, p=0.287) and DFS (p=0.908) than using alone. Drug sensitivity assay showed poor efficacy with dual anti-HER2 drugs in HER2 2+/ISH+ cell lines; however, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan drugs had a satisfactory effect. Conclusion Owing to the differences in clinicopathological features and treatment efficacy, we considered the HER2 2+/ISH+ group to be a distinct subtype and defined it as the HER2-moderate–positive subgroup. In this subgroup, dual anti-HER2 drugs did not exert significant improvement in pCR and DFS. Therefore, treatment optimization is warranted, with antibody-drug conjugate drugs as potential options.

Objective:To investigate the predictive effects of triglyceride-glucose index(TyG) 0 h, TyG 1 h, and TyG 2 h on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in elderly male participants without diabetes.Methods:A total of 862 subjects were selected and followed up for 20 years, retrospectively. At baseline, all subjects underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and venous plasma glucose measurements were taken before OGTT(FPG), 1 h and 2 h after OGTT(1 h-PG and 2 h-PG, respectively). Fasting blood lipids and other important biochemical indicators were also detected. The index of fasting serum triglycerides(TG) and FPG, 1 h-PG, 2 h-PG were TyG 0 h, TyG 1 h, TyG 2 h, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression model and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive effect of TyG 0 h, TyG 1 h, and TyG 2 h on T2DM.Results:The results of Cox regression model indicated that TyG 0 h, TyG 1 h and TyG 2 h had predictive effects on T2DM at 10 and 20 years of follow-up [At 10 years of follow-up, TyG 0 h: HR=1.538(95% CI 1.267-1.868), P<0.001; TyG 1 h: HR=2.224(95% CI 1.852-2.672), P<0.001; TyG 2 h: HR=2.117(95% CI 1.777-2.522), P<0.001; and after follow-up for 20 years, TyG 0 h: HR=1.431(95% CI 1.204-1.700), P<0.001; TyG 1 h: HR=2.008(95% CI 1.705-2.364), P<0.001; TyG 2 h: HR=1.850(95% CI 1.582-2.163), P<0.001]. After 10 years of follow-up, the area under the curve(AUC) of TyG 0 h, TyG 1 h, and TyG 2 h for predicting T2DM was 0.699, 0.747, and 0.739, respectively. Comparison of AUC, TyG 1 h or TyG 2 h>TyG 0 h. After 20 years of follow-up, AUC of TyG 0 h, TyG 1 h, and TyG 2 h for predicting T2DM was 0.671, 0.723, and 0.705, respectively. Comparison of AUC, TyG 1 h>TyG 2 h>TyG 0 h. Conclusion:The predictive role of TyG 1 h and TyG 2 h in T2DM is superior to TyG 0 h, and TyG 1 h′s long-term predictive effect on T2DM is better than TyG 2 h, which can be used as a reference index to evaluate the risk of T2DM in clinical practice.

In order to adapt to the needs of innovative medical personnel training,Zunyi Medical University conducted teaching reform and curriculum construction for human parasitology.Key teachers were trained by strengthening the construction of the teaching staff.Through the preparation of lessons,lectures,supervision and other measures,the teaching quality has been improved.Teaching reform was carried out by the introduction of humanities knowledge,scientific research training,and formative evaluation.Through the development of quality curriculum resources,standardized teaching archives,improved scientific research,and quality service for the society,the curriculum construction of human parasitology has been greatly improved.

Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is an effective and safe causative treatment for allergic diseases. Compared with conventional specific immunotherapy such as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), ILIT could significantly reduce treatment duration. This article will review the results of previous researches focusing on ILIT.