Objective To develop a convolutional neural network based model for predicting the dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)in cervical cancer,and to evaluate its potential applications in automated treatment planning.Methods The pelvic IMRT plans for 100 female patients were collected,with 80 cases in the training set,10 in the validation set,and 10 in the test set.A dose prediction model was built based on the three-dimensional(3D)residual network for forecasting 3D dose distribution.Masks for organs-at-risk and planning target areas were extracted from CT images and RT Structure files.Density values were assigned to different structures according to a density map,and the resulting CT maps were used as input images for model training.The optimal model was used to predict the 3D dose distribution,and the predicted results were compared with the dose distribution from manual treatment planning in terms of dosimetric parameters.Results The experimental results on the 10-case test set demonstrated that dosimetric parameter differences were insignificant and within clinically acceptable ranges.The mean absolute error,average Dice similarity coefficient,and 95%Hausdorff distance for 10 cases in test set were(0.58±0.16)Gy,0.90±0.03,and(10.61±7.17)mm,respectively.Compared with manual planning,prediction model showed slightly decreased rectal V45,small bowel D2cc,and the V20 of bilateral femoral heads was reduced.The predicted D95 of planning target area was lower than manual planning,but the differences in D90,homogeneity index,and conformity index were trivial.There were minor differences in 3D dose distributions between the two,and the dose distribution generated by prediction model met clinical requirements.Conclusion The convolutional neural network based dose prediction model can accurately forecast the dose distribution for cervical cancer IMRT,exhibiting the potential to be used in automated treatment planning and quality evaluation.

Immunohistochemistry(IHC)technique is one of the routine detection methods of pathology.At present,the fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer has been widely applied in many fields included biology,basic medicine and clinical pathology,which has been a valuable testing equipment of related pathological experiments in university.The use of this kind of equipment in experimental teaching for undergraduate can increased experimental efficiency,and reduce manual errors through standardized operations.At the same time,the possessed capability of this equipment for batch processing was suitable in teaching for class with large scale.This article explored the working principle,usage technique,daily maintenance and troubleshooting for the BOND Max fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer at Jilin University's National Biological Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center,and it also expounded its application in experimental teaching,which aim was to improve the efficiency of fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer.It can provide technical support for operator.

Immunohistochemistry(IHC)technique is one of the routine detection methods of pathology.At present,the fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer has been widely applied in many fields included biology,basic medicine and clinical pathology,which has been a valuable testing equipment of related pathological experiments in university.The use of this kind of equipment in experimental teaching for undergraduate can increased experimental efficiency,and reduce manual errors through standardized operations.At the same time,the possessed capability of this equipment for batch processing was suitable in teaching for class with large scale.This article explored the working principle,usage technique,daily maintenance and troubleshooting for the BOND Max fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer at Jilin University's National Biological Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center,and it also expounded its application in experimental teaching,which aim was to improve the efficiency of fully automatic immunohistochemistry analyzer.It can provide technical support for operator.

Objective To develop a convolutional neural network based model for predicting the dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)in cervical cancer,and to evaluate its potential applications in automated treatment planning.Methods The pelvic IMRT plans for 100 female patients were collected,with 80 cases in the training set,10 in the validation set,and 10 in the test set.A dose prediction model was built based on the three-dimensional(3D)residual network for forecasting 3D dose distribution.Masks for organs-at-risk and planning target areas were extracted from CT images and RT Structure files.Density values were assigned to different structures according to a density map,and the resulting CT maps were used as input images for model training.The optimal model was used to predict the 3D dose distribution,and the predicted results were compared with the dose distribution from manual treatment planning in terms of dosimetric parameters.Results The experimental results on the 10-case test set demonstrated that dosimetric parameter differences were insignificant and within clinically acceptable ranges.The mean absolute error,average Dice similarity coefficient,and 95%Hausdorff distance for 10 cases in test set were(0.58±0.16)Gy,0.90±0.03,and(10.61±7.17)mm,respectively.Compared with manual planning,prediction model showed slightly decreased rectal V45,small bowel D2cc,and the V20 of bilateral femoral heads was reduced.The predicted D95 of planning target area was lower than manual planning,but the differences in D90,homogeneity index,and conformity index were trivial.There were minor differences in 3D dose distributions between the two,and the dose distribution generated by prediction model met clinical requirements.Conclusion The convolutional neural network based dose prediction model can accurately forecast the dose distribution for cervical cancer IMRT,exhibiting the potential to be used in automated treatment planning and quality evaluation.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice.Methods:Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate′s parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate′s cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis.Results:Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) μmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 μmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) μmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) μmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation ( r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2?μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0?μmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2?μmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 μmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 μmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 μmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 μmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions:JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 μmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 μmol/L).

Objective:To analyze the differences in gut microbiota between patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) and healthy population for better understanding the correlation between gut microflora and high uric acid.Methods:This study recruited 63 adult volunteers, including 25 HUA patients (HUA group) and 38 healthy people (control group), who underwent physical examination in the PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center in 2021. Their fecal samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput full-length gene sequencing to analyze the composition of gut microbiota.Results:The overall composition of gut microbiota was different between HUA group and control group. The α diversity index decreased significantly in HUA group and β diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups. HUA group showed increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. LEfSe analysis indicated a unique microbiota structure in HUA group, characterized by significantly decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria represented by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and significantly increased Streptococcus salivarius, Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium hwasookii, Flavonifractor plautii, Mycobacterium mucogenicum B and Blautia sp003287895. In addition, functional prediction through PICRUSt2 showed that the metabolism related to gut microbiota SCFA pathway in HUA group was decreased, which was consistent to the unique microbiota structure. Conclusions:Compared with healthy population, patients with hyperuricemia had different composition of gut microbiota and metabolic feature.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level and to analyze the differences in gut microbiota between high DAO (DAO-H) and normal DAO populations.Methods:This study recruited 62 adult volunteers (31 in DAO-H group and 31 in normal control group) taking health examination in the Strategic Support Forces Special Medical Center in 2021. Their stool samples were collected to analyze the composition of gut microbiota in the two populations by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results:No significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was found between the DAO-H group and the normal control group, but the structure and function of gut microbiota varied. In the DAO-H group, commensal bacteria decreased, such as Phocaeicola and Bacteroidetes, while potential pathogenic bacteria increased, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were changes in the metabolism of gut microbiota in the DAO-H group, including inhibited sphingolipid metabolism and enhanced biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics, one carbon pool by folate pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, cell cycle-Caulobacter, protein export, base excision repair and nitrogen metabolism.Conclusions:Compared with the people with normal DAO, the population with high DAO had unique characteristics in gut microbiota composition and metabolism.

European dental hygienists federation defines dental hygienists as the main providers of preventive oral care (including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) , which is committed to promoting and improving the oral health of individuals, families and the public. This article mainly introduces the development status, professional competence requirements, work content, education system and qualification certification methods of dental hygienists in European countries so as to provide references for the allocation of dental assistants and nursing standardized development of Department of Stomatology in China and improve the nursing quality of Department of Stomatology.

Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is an effective and safe causative treatment for allergic diseases. Compared with conventional specific immunotherapy such as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), ILIT could significantly reduce treatment duration. This article will review the results of previous researches focusing on ILIT.

Objective:To study the effects of Hedgehog signal transduction pathway on the cell proliferation, apoptosis and connexin 32 (Cx32)and connexin 43 (Cx43)membranous distribution of breast cancer cells,and to explore its mechanism in the cell proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer.Methods:The breast cancer MCF-7 cells at logarithmic growth period were divided into cyclopamine groups and blank control groups. The MCF-7 in cyclopamine groups were treated with 5,10,20,30 and 40μmol·L-1 for 24,48 and 72 h;MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibitory rate of proliferation of MCF-7 cells. After the MCF-7 cells were treated with 0 (negative control group)and 25μmol·L-1 cyclopamine for 48 h,flow cytometry was employed to determine the apoptotic rate and to analyze membranous distribution of Cx32 and Cx43 in the MCF-7 cells.Results:Compared with blank control group,the inhibitory rates of proliferation in cyclopamine groups were increased (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect of proliferation was increased with the increasing of cyclopamine doses and prolongation of treatment time.After treated with 25μmol·L-1 cyclopamine,the apoptotic rate of MCF-7 cells was higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of Cx32 and Cx43 48 h after treatment were higher than those in negative control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Hedgehog signal transduction pathway can inhibit the apoptosis and mediate membranous distribution of Cx32 and Cx43 in breast cancer cells.