AIM:To investigate the effect of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)on the degree of aging and apoptosis in a mouse cardiomyocyte aging model through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.METHODS:An in vi-tro aging model was established by inducing HL-1 cells with 40 μmol/L D-galactose(D-Gal).The HL-1 cells were trans-fected with a lentivirus overexpressing SIRT1,and the transfection efficiency was verified by Western blot.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of SIRT1,P53,P21,cleaved caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),β-catenin,Wnt3a and c-Myc.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining was used to detect cellular senescence level.MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the cell viability,and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis.RESULTS:Treatment of HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes with D-Gal led to in-creases in the expression levels of aging-related proteins P53 and P21,as well as an increase in SIRT1 protein level.Addi-tionally,the SA-β-Gal staining showed a significant increase in the positive area(P＜0.05).The expression levels of apop-tosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated,while the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was re-duced(P＜0.05).There was a marked decrease in cell viability(P＜0.05),and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cell apoptosis rate(P＜0.05),which was positively correlated with the duration of D-Gal treatment.Overexpression of SIRT1 notably reduced both aging and apoptosis levels after 48 h of D-Gal treatment(P＜0.05).After D-Gal treatment,the expression levels of β-catenin,c-Myc and Wnt3a proteins were up-regulated.However,these levels were reduced when SIRT1 was overexpressed.Moreover,the addition of LiCl,a Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist,resulted in increased expression levels of β-catenin,c-Myc and Wnt3a proteins compared with the group with SIRT1 overexpres-sion and D-Gal treatment(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:SIRT1 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and alleviates cardiomyo-cyte aging through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of severe dengue fever patients in the early stage, construct a early prediction model for severe dengue fever, and evaluate it.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect early clinical data of dengue fever patients admitted to the People's Hospital of Mengla County and the Third People's Hospital of Kunming in Yunnan Province from July to December 2023. The multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the severe dengue fever patients, and Nomogram prediction model was used for visualization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analysis were used to evaluate the model.Results:A total of 534 dengue fever patients were included, including 291 males and 243 females, aged (39.95 ± 15.69) years. Among them, there were 59 cases (11.05%) of severe dengue fever. The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.08, P < 0.001), cardiovascular disease ( OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 2.08 - 13.40, P < 0.001), serous effusion ( OR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.63 - 11.57, P = 0.003), aspartate aminotransferase ( OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.04, P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase ( OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.01, P = 0.001), and fibrinogen ( OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.76, P = 0.003) were independent influencing factors in the early stage of severe dengue fever. The area under the ROC curve of the Nomogram prediction model constructed from the above six variables was 0.96 (0.93 - 0.98). The calibration curve analysis results showed that the mean absolute error between the predicted values of the Nomogram prediction model and the actual observed values was 0.014. Conclusions:Age, cardiovascular disease, serous effusion, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and fibrinogen are independent influencing factors in the early stage of severe dengue fever. The Nomogram prediction model established based on these variables has good predictive ability for severe dengue fever.

Objective To explore a standardized approach for indicating dosages in Chinese patent medicines(CPM)instructions.Methods A review of 1 378 classic formulas of traditional Chinese medicine in the 2020 edition of the Pharmaco-poeia of the People's Republic of China(Chinese Pharmacopoeia)was conducted,focusing on three aspects:overdose,different dosage forms,and inclusion of toxic herbs.Approximately 50 representative formulas were selected,and their daily dosage of herbal pieces and the corresponding dosage of individual herbs were calculated.These results were then compared and analyzed against the dosages stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Results ①Overdose:Among the 1 378 reviewed formulas,146(10.60％)were found to involve overdose.Specifically,eight formulas were identified as having an overdose of approximately 3 to 5 times the recommended dose,including Duanxueliu tablets and Zhixue Fumai mixture.②Dosage variations across dosage forms:Based on the conversion of the Ming-Qing dynasty dosage of one liang(Chinese traditional weight unit)to 36 g,the estimated dai-ly dose per component of crude herbs in Yinqiao powder was close to the upper limit specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The total daily dose of crude herbs(75.60 g)was approximately five times that of the Yinqiao powder(15 g)listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and three times that of the Japanese Kampo Yinqiao powder(23.868 g).Significant differences in dosage were ob-served among Yinqiao Jiedu preparations of different dosage forms.In terms of total daily dose of crude herbs,granules(52.50 g)had the highest dose,approximately 3-5 times that of tablets/capsules(11.20 g),soft capsules(13.44 g),and powders(15.00 g),but still 30％ lower than the original prescription from ancient texts(75.6 g).Comparing the daily dose per compo-nent,granules fell within the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose range,while tablets,capsules,soft capsules,and powders were all below the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose.③Inclusion of toxic herbs:Among the 20 oral formulations containing Strychnos nux-vomica(Maqianzi)listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,seven species exceeded the pharmacopoeial dose of 0.3-0.6 g per day.Notably,Shenjin Huoluo pill and Shufeng Dingtong pill exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose by 1.5-2 times.The daily dose of strych-nosine in Shenjin Huoluo pill was 21.3 mg,exceeding the toxic dose range of 5-10 mg.Conclusions The dosage indications in CPM instructions must adhere to a unified format,clearly stating the daily dose per component of crude herbs,the total daily dose of crude herbs,and the total number of administrations under the"Dosage and Administration"section.For instance,"Yinqiao Jiedu granules,with a total daily dose equivalent to 60 g of crude herbs taken in four doses(including:Flos Lonicerae 10.71 g,Fructus Forsythiae 10.71 g,Radix Platycodi 6.43 g,Herba Menthae Haplocalycis 6.43 g,Fructus Arctii 6.43 g,Semen Sojae Preparatum 5.36 g,Radix Glycyrrhizae 5.36 g,Herba Lophatheri 4.29 g,Herba Schizonepetae 4.29 g)."For CPM containing tox-ic herbs,dosage indications are even more crucial,such as specifying the daily dose of Maqianzi powder/processed Maqianzi and strychnosine in formulations containing this herb.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of severe dengue fever patients in the early stage, construct a early prediction model for severe dengue fever, and evaluate it.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect early clinical data of dengue fever patients admitted to the People's Hospital of Mengla County and the Third People's Hospital of Kunming in Yunnan Province from July to December 2023. The multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the severe dengue fever patients, and Nomogram prediction model was used for visualization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analysis were used to evaluate the model.Results:A total of 534 dengue fever patients were included, including 291 males and 243 females, aged (39.95 ± 15.69) years. Among them, there were 59 cases (11.05%) of severe dengue fever. The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.08, P < 0.001), cardiovascular disease ( OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 2.08 - 13.40, P < 0.001), serous effusion ( OR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.63 - 11.57, P = 0.003), aspartate aminotransferase ( OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.04, P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase ( OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.01, P = 0.001), and fibrinogen ( OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.76, P = 0.003) were independent influencing factors in the early stage of severe dengue fever. The area under the ROC curve of the Nomogram prediction model constructed from the above six variables was 0.96 (0.93 - 0.98). The calibration curve analysis results showed that the mean absolute error between the predicted values of the Nomogram prediction model and the actual observed values was 0.014. Conclusions:Age, cardiovascular disease, serous effusion, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and fibrinogen are independent influencing factors in the early stage of severe dengue fever. The Nomogram prediction model established based on these variables has good predictive ability for severe dengue fever.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections(ARIs)during the autumn-winter season in Beijing,providing evidence for the prevention,control,diagnosis,and treatment of ARIs.Methods A convenience sampling method was employed,enrolling patients who visited Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)between September 2023 and February 2024 due to ARIs.Na-sopharyngeal swabs were collected,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect six common respiratory pathogens[influenza A virus(FluA),influenza B virus(FluB),human rhinovirus(HRV),Myco-plasma pneumoniae(MP),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),and adenovirus(ADV)],as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection.The distribution patterns of pathogen infections were analyzed.Results A total of 5556 eligible patients were included.The overall positivity rate for the six common respiratory pathogens was 63.7％,with sin-gle-pathogen positivity at 54.0％,dual-pathogen positivity at 8.9％,and triple or more pathogen positivity at 0.7％.The predominant pathogens detected were FluA(16.1％)and RSV(15.7％),followed by ADV(11.1％),MP(11.1％),HRV(10.0％),and FluB(10.0％).No significant difference in overall pathogen positivity was observed between genders.However,significant differences were found between autumn and winter(x2=34.617,P＜0.001)and among pediatric,young/middle-aged,and elderly patients(x2=422.38,P＜0.001).Specifically,MP(x2=8.647,P=0.003),FluA(x2=131.932,P＜0.001),and HRV(x2=174.199,P＜0.001)exhibited significantly higher positivity rates in autumn than in winter,whereas FluB was more prevalent in winter(x2=287.894,P＜0.001).In pediatric patients,MP,RSV,HRV,and ADV positivity rates were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged and elderly patients(all P＜0.001),whereas FluB was more common in young/middle-aged patients(both P＜0.001).The positivity rates of the six common respiratory pathogens significantly declined during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic period,exhibiting an asynchronous seasonal pattern.Conclusions The prevalence of respiratory pathogens in Beijing is associated with age and season.Tar-geted preventive measures should be implemented in different seasons and for key populations.

Objective To explore a standardized approach for indicating dosages in Chinese patent medicines(CPM)instructions.Methods A review of 1 378 classic formulas of traditional Chinese medicine in the 2020 edition of the Pharmaco-poeia of the People's Republic of China(Chinese Pharmacopoeia)was conducted,focusing on three aspects:overdose,different dosage forms,and inclusion of toxic herbs.Approximately 50 representative formulas were selected,and their daily dosage of herbal pieces and the corresponding dosage of individual herbs were calculated.These results were then compared and analyzed against the dosages stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Results ①Overdose:Among the 1 378 reviewed formulas,146(10.60％)were found to involve overdose.Specifically,eight formulas were identified as having an overdose of approximately 3 to 5 times the recommended dose,including Duanxueliu tablets and Zhixue Fumai mixture.②Dosage variations across dosage forms:Based on the conversion of the Ming-Qing dynasty dosage of one liang(Chinese traditional weight unit)to 36 g,the estimated dai-ly dose per component of crude herbs in Yinqiao powder was close to the upper limit specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The total daily dose of crude herbs(75.60 g)was approximately five times that of the Yinqiao powder(15 g)listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and three times that of the Japanese Kampo Yinqiao powder(23.868 g).Significant differences in dosage were ob-served among Yinqiao Jiedu preparations of different dosage forms.In terms of total daily dose of crude herbs,granules(52.50 g)had the highest dose,approximately 3-5 times that of tablets/capsules(11.20 g),soft capsules(13.44 g),and powders(15.00 g),but still 30％ lower than the original prescription from ancient texts(75.6 g).Comparing the daily dose per compo-nent,granules fell within the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose range,while tablets,capsules,soft capsules,and powders were all below the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose.③Inclusion of toxic herbs:Among the 20 oral formulations containing Strychnos nux-vomica(Maqianzi)listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,seven species exceeded the pharmacopoeial dose of 0.3-0.6 g per day.Notably,Shenjin Huoluo pill and Shufeng Dingtong pill exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeia dose by 1.5-2 times.The daily dose of strych-nosine in Shenjin Huoluo pill was 21.3 mg,exceeding the toxic dose range of 5-10 mg.Conclusions The dosage indications in CPM instructions must adhere to a unified format,clearly stating the daily dose per component of crude herbs,the total daily dose of crude herbs,and the total number of administrations under the"Dosage and Administration"section.For instance,"Yinqiao Jiedu granules,with a total daily dose equivalent to 60 g of crude herbs taken in four doses(including:Flos Lonicerae 10.71 g,Fructus Forsythiae 10.71 g,Radix Platycodi 6.43 g,Herba Menthae Haplocalycis 6.43 g,Fructus Arctii 6.43 g,Semen Sojae Preparatum 5.36 g,Radix Glycyrrhizae 5.36 g,Herba Lophatheri 4.29 g,Herba Schizonepetae 4.29 g)."For CPM containing tox-ic herbs,dosage indications are even more crucial,such as specifying the daily dose of Maqianzi powder/processed Maqianzi and strychnosine in formulations containing this herb.

AIM:To investigate the effect of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)on the degree of aging and apoptosis in a mouse cardiomyocyte aging model through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.METHODS:An in vi-tro aging model was established by inducing HL-1 cells with 40 μmol/L D-galactose(D-Gal).The HL-1 cells were trans-fected with a lentivirus overexpressing SIRT1,and the transfection efficiency was verified by Western blot.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of SIRT1,P53,P21,cleaved caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),β-catenin,Wnt3a and c-Myc.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining was used to detect cellular senescence level.MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the cell viability,and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis.RESULTS:Treatment of HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes with D-Gal led to in-creases in the expression levels of aging-related proteins P53 and P21,as well as an increase in SIRT1 protein level.Addi-tionally,the SA-β-Gal staining showed a significant increase in the positive area(P＜0.05).The expression levels of apop-tosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated,while the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was re-duced(P＜0.05).There was a marked decrease in cell viability(P＜0.05),and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cell apoptosis rate(P＜0.05),which was positively correlated with the duration of D-Gal treatment.Overexpression of SIRT1 notably reduced both aging and apoptosis levels after 48 h of D-Gal treatment(P＜0.05).After D-Gal treatment,the expression levels of β-catenin,c-Myc and Wnt3a proteins were up-regulated.However,these levels were reduced when SIRT1 was overexpressed.Moreover,the addition of LiCl,a Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist,resulted in increased expression levels of β-catenin,c-Myc and Wnt3a proteins compared with the group with SIRT1 overexpres-sion and D-Gal treatment(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:SIRT1 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and alleviates cardiomyo-cyte aging through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the hypertensive snowbirds′ length of migratory stay and their blood pressure control and blood pressure levels.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A population of snowbirds with hypertension was recruited between October and November 2022, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect their self-measured blood pressure and length of stay in Hainan Province. The blood pressure control status is determined based on self-measured blood pressure. According to the self-measured blood pressure to determine whether the blood pressure was well controlled. The associations between snowbirds′ length of stay and their blood pressure control as well as their self-measured blood pressure were analyzed using restricted cubic splines.Results:A total of 362 research subjects were included, 169(46.7%) of whom were male, and their age was (69.7±7.0) years old. The participants′ self-measured systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were (129.1±16.2) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and (78.9±10.1) mmHg, respectively. Overall, 174 (48.1%) participants attained adequate blood pressure control. The median length of stay in Wuzhishan City was 7(6, 7) months. There was an inverted U-shaped association between snowbirds′ length of stay and blood pressure control (overall: P=0.023; nonlinearity: P=0.014), where participants with a length of stay of 7 months had the highest rate of blood pressure control. There is a U-shaped curve relationship between length of stay and systolic blood pressure (overall: P=0.001; nonlinearity: P=0.033), and a linear negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure ( β=-1.19, P=0.003). Conclusions:Compared with hypertensive snowbirds with too long or too short lengths of stay, snowbirds who stayed in Wuzhishan City for seven months have better blood pressure control, and systolic blood pressure is also lower.

Objective To investigate the impact of midazolam on neuronal injury induced by oxygen glucose depri-vation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)in mice.Methods An injury model of neuronal cell line HT22 was established by OGD/R induction.HT22 cells were divided into OGD/R group,low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group,midazolam+KG-501(CREB inhibitor)group and control group.ELISA was applied to detect TNF-α and IL-6 levels;Commercialy available reagent kits were applied to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels;MTT and Edu experiments were applied to detect cell prolifera-tion;flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis rate;RT-qPCR method was applied to detect the ex-pression levels of CREB mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA;Western blot was applied to detect the expression levels of Ki-67,Bcl-2,Bax,CREB,and PGC-1α proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the A490 value(24,48 hours),proliferation rate,SOD and CAT activity,CREB mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA expres-sion,Ki-67,Bcl-2,CREB,and PGC-1α protein level in the OGD/R group were all significantly reduced(P＜0.05);The apoptosis rate,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and Bax protein expression were significanty increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the OGD/R group,the A490 values(24,48 hours),proliferation rate,SOD,CAT activity,CREB mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA expression,and Ki-67,Bcl-2,CREB,and PGC-1α protein expression were significantly increased in low,medium,and high dose midazolam groups;The apoptosis rate,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and Bax protein expression were obviously reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the high-dose midazolam group,A490 value(24,48 hours),proliferation rate,activity of SOD and CAT,CREB mRNA and PGC-1α mRNA expression as well as Ki-67,Bcl-2,CREB,and PGC-1α protein expression were all sig-nificantlu reduced in the high-dose midazolam+KG-501 group while the apoptosis rate,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and Bax protein expression were obviously increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Midazolam might alleviate nerve cell injury potentially through the mechaninsms of promoting OGD/R-induced proliferation and reducing cell apoptosis in HT22 cells.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Nuanxinkang Powder(aka.NXK,composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra and Ilex Pubescens Radix)on improving ventricular remodeling in post-infarction mice based on the"metabolic-inflammatory"network regulating macrophage polarization.Methods ①Thirty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham-operation group,model group,and NXK group(1.65 g·kg-1),with 10 mice in each group;the mouse model of myocardial infarction was replicated using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation;and the drug was administered by gavage once a day for 4 consecutive weeks.Masson staining was used to detect collagen deposition in myocardial tissue;ultrasound was used to detect cardiac function in mice:left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular anterior wall thickness at end-systole(LVAWS)and left ventricular anterior wall thickness at end-diastole(LVAWD);flow cytometry was used to detect distribution of cardiac macrophages in mice;qPCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT-1),glucose transport protein 4(GLUT4),isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH),and succinate dehydrogenase(SDHa)in heart tissue.②NXK was given 1.15 g·kg-1 NXK suspension to rats by gavage twice a day for 5 consecutive days to prepare NXK-containing serum.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used to construct a pro-inflammatory macrophage model.The cells were grouped into the following groups:blank serum control group(medium containing 5%blank serum+5%fetal bovine serum),NXK drug-containing serum group(medium containing 5%NXK drug-containing serum+5%fetal bovine serum),lipopolysaccharide group(medium containing 5%blank serum+5%fetal bovine serum+200 μg·mL-1 lipopolysaccharide),NXK drug-containing serum+ lipopolysaccharide group(medium containing 5%NXK drug-containing serum+5%fetal bovine serum+200 μ g·mL-1 lipopolysaccharide),all the groups were intervened for 16 hours.Glycolysis stress test was used to detect the level of glycolysis in RAW 264.7 cells;qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier(MPC1)in RAW 264.7 cells;and MitoSox Red fluorescent staining was used to detect the level of oxidative stress damage in mitochondria of RAW 264.7 cells.Results ①Compared with the sham-operation group,the blue-stained area of cardiac collagen fibres in mice of the model group was significantly increased,accompanied by thinning of the ventricular wall and enlargement of the left ventricular cavity;cardiac function indexes,such as LVEF,LVAWS,LVAWD,etc.,were all significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.001);the mRNA expressions of LDHA and CPT-1 were significantly up-regulated in the cardiac tissues of mice(P＜0.05),and the mRNA expressions of GLUT4,IDH and SDHa were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and CD86 staining positive cell was significantly increased(P＜0.001).Compared with the model group,mice in the NXK group showed a significant decrease in cardiac collagen fiber deposition and an increase in the thickness of the ventricular wall;cardiac function indexes such as LVEF,LVAWS and LVAWD were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001);and the mRNA expressions of LDHA and CPT-1 in the cardiac tissues of the mice were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),mRNA expressions of GLUT4,SDHa and IDH were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),and the number of CD86 positive cells was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).②Compared with the blank serum control group,the cytosolic glycolysis level and ROS level of macrophages in the NXK serum-containing group did not change significantly(P＞0.05),whereas the glycolysis level and ROS level of macrophages in the lipopolysaccharide group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA expression of MPC1 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.001).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the macrophage glycolysis level and ROS level were significantly reduced in the NXK serum-containing + lipopolysaccharide group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and mRNA expression of MPC1 was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.001).Conclusion NXK can reduce myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction and improve cardiac function in mice,and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of mRNA expression of LDHA in cardiac tissues,the up-regulation of mRNA expression of GLUT4,the improvement of cardiac glucose uptake after myocardial infarction,the inhibition of pro-inflammatory macrophage glycolysis,the increase in the expressions of SDHa and IDH to alleviate the accumulation of succinate and citrate,and the reduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,thereby reducing pro-inflammatory macrophage hyperpolarisation.