Surgical robots represent one of the important diagnostic and treatment methods in the field of surgery. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in the field of surgical medicine, especially in the field of robotic-assisted surgery. This article reviews the common modes of AI in surgical robotics, enumerates the surgical robots available in the market, and summarizes some difficulties and challenges in the application of AI in surgical robotics through literature reviews, website visits and investor press releases analysis of target companies.
Artificial Intelligence ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Robotics ; Humans

Objective To investigate the diagnostic effect of 64-slice spiral CT in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI),and to evaluate the correlation between CT scores and cognitive function.Methods A total of 138 cases of TBI patients underwent surgical treatment were selected.The surgical pathological examination results were regarded as the gold standard.The prognosis was assessed by Glasgow outcome scale(GOS).The CT scores of all patients were compared by Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores,and correlation between CT scores and cognitive-related scores was analyzed.Results The sensitivity of 64-slice spiral CT was 74.64%,82.61%and 98.55%within 3 hours,1 day and 2-3 days after admission,respectively.The MoCA and MMSE scores of severe patients were significantly higher than those of moderate and mild patients,and the MoCA and MMSE scores of moderate patients were significantly higher than those of mild patients(P<0.05).CT score was positively correlated with both MoCA and MMSE scores(P<0.05).The GOS of severe patients was significantly higher than that of moderate and mild patients,and the GOS of moderate patients was significantly higher than that of mild patients(P<0.05).Conclusion TBI can be detected with high sensitivity via 64-slice spiral CT.CT score has a significant positive correlation with the cognitive function,and is closely related to the prognosis.It can provide an effective basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To explore the effects of long noncoding-RNA (lncRNA) taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) on the proliferation and osteogenic/odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods : hDPSCs were isolated and cultured. The surface antigens CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD133 and STRO-1 were detected by flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to identify the ability of cells to differentiate. RNA was collected on Days 0, 7 and 14 of the osteogenic induction of hDPSCs, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TUG1. The hDPSCs were stably transfected with a lentiviral vector containing the TUG1-silenced pSLenti-U6-shRNA(TUG1)-CMV-EGFP-F2A-Puro-WPRE to silence TUG1. The ability of hDPSCs to proliferate was assessed with the CCK-8 method. ALP and alizarin red staining and quantitative detection were used to detect the ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules of hDPSCs. The expression levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), Runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) genes and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results : The hDPSCs were successfully isolated and cultured, and TUG1 expression was significantly increased during osteogenic differentiation (P<0.05). The hDPSCs proliferation was suppressed after silencing TUG1(P<0.05). After osteogenic induction, ALP and alizarin red staining showed that ALP activity and mineralized nodules were suppressed by silencing TUG1. The expression levels of the odontogenic differentiation gene DSPP and DMP-1 and the osteogenic differentiation gene Runx2, OCN and OPN were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Knocking down TUG1 can inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.

Eyebrow lifting is a common surgical procedure used to correct the laxity of upper eyelid skin in middle-aged women, and there are many kinds of eyebrow lifting method including supra-brow blepharoplasty, sub-brow blepharoplasty, transbrow excision blepharoplasty, supra-brow combined with infra-brow blepharoplasty, as well as endoscopic brow lift. Different surgical method are suitable for different populations, and every procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, with the development of eyebrow lifting method , the effects of eyebrow lifting on the correction of upper eyelid skin laxity becomes more permanent, and there is a growing trend that eyebrow lifting method combined with other periorbital procedures will be used to realize periorbital rejuvenation.

Eyebrow lifting is a common surgical procedure used to correct the laxity of upper eyelid skin in middle-aged women, and there are many kinds of eyebrow lifting method including supra-brow blepharoplasty, sub-brow blepharoplasty, transbrow excision blepharoplasty, supra-brow combined with infra-brow blepharoplasty, as well as endoscopic brow lift. Different surgical method are suitable for different populations, and every procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, with the development of eyebrow lifting methods, the effects of eyebrow lifting on the correction of upper eyelid skin laxity becomes more permanent, and there is a growing trend that eyebrow lifting method combined with other periorbital procedures will be used for periorbital rejuvenation.

Eyebrow lifting is a common surgical procedure used to correct the laxity of upper eyelid skin in middle-aged women, and there are many kinds of eyebrow lifting method including supra-brow blepharoplasty, sub-brow blepharoplasty, transbrow excision blepharoplasty, supra-brow combined with infra-brow blepharoplasty, as well as endoscopic brow lift. Different surgical method are suitable for different populations, and every procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, with the development of eyebrow lifting methods, the effects of eyebrow lifting on the correction of upper eyelid skin laxity becomes more permanent, and there is a growing trend that eyebrow lifting method combined with other periorbital procedures will be used for periorbital rejuvenation.

Eyebrow lifting is a common surgical procedure used to correct the laxity of upper eyelid skin in middle-aged women, and there are many kinds of eyebrow lifting method including supra-brow blepharoplasty, sub-brow blepharoplasty, transbrow excision blepharoplasty, supra-brow combined with infra-brow blepharoplasty, as well as endoscopic brow lift. Different surgical method are suitable for different populations, and every procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, with the development of eyebrow lifting method , the effects of eyebrow lifting on the correction of upper eyelid skin laxity becomes more permanent, and there is a growing trend that eyebrow lifting method combined with other periorbital procedures will be used to realize periorbital rejuvenation.

Objective:To systematically sort out and cluster the existing indicators of key issues in the quality of postgraduate clinical degree education based on the bibliometric study, so as to build a multidimensional quality assessment index system that integrates scientificity, rationality and representativeness, and to provide a scientific measurement tool for assessing clinical professional postgraduate education in China.Methods:By mining the related functions of UCINET6 network analysis integration software and its one-dimensional and two-dimensional data analysis NetDraw program, the social network analysis (SNA) method was used to extract and cluster the education quality problem set of clinical professional degree postgraduates.Results:A three-dimensional evaluation index system was constructed. The first dimension concluded such 8 key issues in the quality of postgraduate education in clinical medicine as ability assessment, teaching system, teaching quality assurance system, professional cognition and career prospects, assessment and evaluation system and organization, and the pulse taking and diagnosis.Conclusion:The clinical graduate education quality evaluation index system is an effective measurement tool for education quality improvement, based on a multidimensional perspective, with key issues as priority areas for intervention, providing an effective evidence-based basis for ensuring the development of professional graduate education efforts from 2020-2025.

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutation in a large Chinese pedigree affected with congenital corneal dystrophy.

METHODSTwo patients from the pedigree were subjected to whole exome sequencing to determine the candidate gene. Suspected mutation was verified in 13 additional members by directional Sanger sequencing. Ccorrelation between genotype and phenotype was explored.

RESULTSA missense mutation, c.1877A>C (p.His626Pro), was detected in exon 14 of the TGFBI gene in 8 patients from the pedigree, but not in five unaffected members and 100 unrelated healthy controls. Respectively, the mutation was predicted as "affecting protein function", "probably damaging" and "disease causing" by SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster.

CONCLUSIONThe c.1877A>C mutation of the TGFBI gene probably underlies the disease in this pedigree.

Tuberculosis of bone and joint most commonly occurs in spine, and the main treatment method is anterior debridement, bone grafting and internal fixation. Autologous bone is still considered the "gold standard" when the anterior reconstruction of spine after debridement is needed. Allogeneic bone, artificial bone and artificial intervertebral support bodies such as titanium mesh and some biological materials also have a broad clinical application, but still can not completely replace the autologous bone because of their defects. In the aspect of internal fixation, anterior fixation has become a conventional method for the patients who suffer from active spinal tuberculosis and need anterior debridement of the focus, because this method can provide good support. This review summarizes the present situation of choice for supporting and bone grafting material for anterior reconstruction after debridement of spinal tuberculosis.