OBJECTIVE To analyze the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)in hospitalized patients of a tertiary general hospital and investigate the current status of related comorbidities.METHODS The clinical data were collected from the 14 448 hospitalized patients who received tuberculin skin test(TST)or interferon-gamma release assay(IGRA)in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from Jan.1,2022 to Dec.31,2023,and the results were assessed.RESULTS The detection rate of LTBI was 23.62％(3413/14448)among the hospitalized patients who received the tests,and the rate of definite diagnosis was only 4.22％(144/3413).88.40％(3017/3413)of the hospitalized patients with LTBI had at least one type of comorbidity,and the top 5 comorbidities were in turn as follows:high blood pressure,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,malignant tumors and rheumatic immune disea-ses;the number of comorbidities was increased with the age(x2=291.199,P＜0.001).The rheumatic immune disease(73/144,50.69％)was the most common type of comorbidity among the hospitalized patients with definite diagnosis of LTBI,and less than half of the patients(66/144,45.83％)were treated in rheumatology and immu-nology department.CONCLUSION The two-way screening of LTBI and comorbidities is the core premise for the standardized management of LTBI.

Objective:To construct the training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses based on job competency model.Methods:Based on the job competency model, the training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses was constructed on the basis of systematic literature search and semi-structured interviews combined with the Delphi expert consultation.Results:A total of 21 experts from nine regions including Beijing City, Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Hubei Province, Tianjin City, Guangdong Province, Jilin Province, and Zhejiang Province were selected for consultation. There were two rounds of expert consultation. In the first round of expert consultation, 21 questionnaires were issued and 21 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%, of which nine experts proposed a total of 38 amendments. In the second round of expert consultation, 21 questionnaires were issued and 17 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 80.95%, of which two experts proposed modifications. For the two rounds of consultation, the expert authority coefficients were 0.871 and 0.882 respectively, and the coefficients of variation for each entry were 0 to 0.16 and 0 to 0.20, and the Kendall's harmony coefficients were 0.272 and 0.217 ( P<0.01). The finalized training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurse based on job competency model consisted of four first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators, and 53 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The training course content for the gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses constructed based on the job competency model is scientific, generalizable, and practical, and can provide reference and guidance for the training of endoscopic specialty nursing personnel.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)in hospitalized patients of a tertiary general hospital and investigate the current status of related comorbidities.METHODS The clinical data were collected from the 14 448 hospitalized patients who received tuberculin skin test(TST)or interferon-gamma release assay(IGRA)in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from Jan.1,2022 to Dec.31,2023,and the results were assessed.RESULTS The detection rate of LTBI was 23.62％(3413/14448)among the hospitalized patients who received the tests,and the rate of definite diagnosis was only 4.22％(144/3413).88.40％(3017/3413)of the hospitalized patients with LTBI had at least one type of comorbidity,and the top 5 comorbidities were in turn as follows:high blood pressure,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,malignant tumors and rheumatic immune disea-ses;the number of comorbidities was increased with the age(x2=291.199,P＜0.001).The rheumatic immune disease(73/144,50.69％)was the most common type of comorbidity among the hospitalized patients with definite diagnosis of LTBI,and less than half of the patients(66/144,45.83％)were treated in rheumatology and immu-nology department.CONCLUSION The two-way screening of LTBI and comorbidities is the core premise for the standardized management of LTBI.

Objective:To investigate alterations in brain function among elderly patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)during the resting state.Methods:We prospectively recruited seven elderly patients with IC/BPS admitted to the Urology Department of Beijing Hospital from December 2023 to May 2024 as the experimental group, and concurrently selected twelve elderly healthy individuals as the control group.After enrollment, all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans.General clinical data, including age and gender, as well as standardized assessment scores from the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index(ICSI), Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index(ICPI), Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), were collected.The data were processed using Matlab.This study employed a paired sample t-test to analyze the differences in gray matter volume between the two groups.The functional activities of the subjects' brains were analyzed using regional homogeneity(ReHo)and low-frequency amplitude(ALFF)algorithms.Based on the identified abnormal brain regions, further functional connectivity(FC)analysis was conducted to explore the connectivity patterns among the functional brain regions.Results:No significant differences were observed in age( t=-0.68, P=0.536)or gender( χ2=0.019, P=0.891)between the experimental group and the control group.The scores of SAS and SDS in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.001).No significant difference was observed in cerebral gray matter volume between the two subject groups.In contrast to the control group, the ALFF value of the left superior parietal lobe(MNI: x, y, z=-21, -66, 60; t=12.530 5)was elevated in elderly patients with IC/BPS, and the ReHo value of the left precuneus(MNI: x, y, z=-9, -54, 63; t=9.410 3)was also increased.Through FC analysis, it was revealed that elderly IC/BPS patients exhibited significantly lower FC values between the left superior parietal lobule and the central sulcus(MNI: x, y, z=21, 15, 3; t=-27.835 6), as well as between the left anterior cingulate and the left posterior cingulate gyrus(MNI: x, y, z=-12, 0, 42; t=-8.738 9)in comparison with the control group. Conclusions:In contrast to normal individuals, elderly IC/BPS patients demonstrate functional aberrations in the left superior parietal lobule and the left precuneus.Moreover, a decrease in functional connectivity is observed between the left superior parietal lobule and the central sulcus, as well as between the left precuneus and the left posterior cingulate gyrus.These abnormal functional alterations in the brain may be implicated in the maintenance and development of symptoms in IC/BPS patients.This study conducted research from the perspective of central nervous system regulation, presenting possible directions for further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IC/BPS.

Objective:To construct the training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses based on job competency model.Methods:Based on the job competency model, the training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses was constructed on the basis of systematic literature search and semi-structured interviews combined with the Delphi expert consultation.Results:A total of 21 experts from nine regions including Beijing City, Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Hubei Province, Tianjin City, Guangdong Province, Jilin Province, and Zhejiang Province were selected for consultation. There were two rounds of expert consultation. In the first round of expert consultation, 21 questionnaires were issued and 21 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%, of which nine experts proposed a total of 38 amendments. In the second round of expert consultation, 21 questionnaires were issued and 17 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 80.95%, of which two experts proposed modifications. For the two rounds of consultation, the expert authority coefficients were 0.871 and 0.882 respectively, and the coefficients of variation for each entry were 0 to 0.16 and 0 to 0.20, and the Kendall's harmony coefficients were 0.272 and 0.217 ( P<0.01). The finalized training course content for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurse based on job competency model consisted of four first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators, and 53 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The training course content for the gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses constructed based on the job competency model is scientific, generalizable, and practical, and can provide reference and guidance for the training of endoscopic specialty nursing personnel.

Objective:To investigate alterations in brain function among elderly patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)during the resting state.Methods:We prospectively recruited seven elderly patients with IC/BPS admitted to the Urology Department of Beijing Hospital from December 2023 to May 2024 as the experimental group, and concurrently selected twelve elderly healthy individuals as the control group.After enrollment, all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans.General clinical data, including age and gender, as well as standardized assessment scores from the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index(ICSI), Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index(ICPI), Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), were collected.The data were processed using Matlab.This study employed a paired sample t-test to analyze the differences in gray matter volume between the two groups.The functional activities of the subjects' brains were analyzed using regional homogeneity(ReHo)and low-frequency amplitude(ALFF)algorithms.Based on the identified abnormal brain regions, further functional connectivity(FC)analysis was conducted to explore the connectivity patterns among the functional brain regions.Results:No significant differences were observed in age( t=-0.68, P=0.536)or gender( χ2=0.019, P=0.891)between the experimental group and the control group.The scores of SAS and SDS in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.001).No significant difference was observed in cerebral gray matter volume between the two subject groups.In contrast to the control group, the ALFF value of the left superior parietal lobe(MNI: x, y, z=-21, -66, 60; t=12.530 5)was elevated in elderly patients with IC/BPS, and the ReHo value of the left precuneus(MNI: x, y, z=-9, -54, 63; t=9.410 3)was also increased.Through FC analysis, it was revealed that elderly IC/BPS patients exhibited significantly lower FC values between the left superior parietal lobule and the central sulcus(MNI: x, y, z=21, 15, 3; t=-27.835 6), as well as between the left anterior cingulate and the left posterior cingulate gyrus(MNI: x, y, z=-12, 0, 42; t=-8.738 9)in comparison with the control group. Conclusions:In contrast to normal individuals, elderly IC/BPS patients demonstrate functional aberrations in the left superior parietal lobule and the left precuneus.Moreover, a decrease in functional connectivity is observed between the left superior parietal lobule and the central sulcus, as well as between the left precuneus and the left posterior cingulate gyrus.These abnormal functional alterations in the brain may be implicated in the maintenance and development of symptoms in IC/BPS patients.This study conducted research from the perspective of central nervous system regulation, presenting possible directions for further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of IC/BPS.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of photoplethysmography (PPG) in the detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) among critically ill patients with respiratory or cardiocerebrovascular diseases accompanied by snoring. Methods A total of 91 critically ill patients with respiratory or cardiocerebrovascular diseases accompanied by snoring, admitted to the internal medicine ward of Subei People's Hospital from January 2019 to October 2023 were enrolled. After informed consent, overnight polysomnography (PSG) and PPG were performed. The consistency of the sleep apnea parameters obtained of the two methods by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results There were no statistically significant differences in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), total sleep time, lowest oxygen saturation, and time with oxygen saturation below 90% between PPG and PSG (P>0.05). When AHI≥ 5 times/h and AHI≥15 times/h, the diagnostic sensitivity of the patients in this group was 94.37% and 93.10%, respectively, with specificities of 73.68% and 90.91%, positive predictive values of 91.78% and 94.74%, and negative predictive values of 77.78% and 88.23%, and areas under the ROC curves were 0.961 and 0.982, respectively. For critically ill patients with respiratory diseases, the diagnostic sensitivity was 89.29% and 87.10%, respectively, with specificities of 84.62% and 80.00%, positive predictive values of 92.59% and 93.10%, and negative predictive values of 78.57% and 72.72%, and the areas under the ROC curves were 0.978 and 0.987, respectively. For critically ill patients with cardiocerebrovascular diseases, the diagnostic sensitivity was 87.18% and 90.32%, respectively, with specificities of 83.33% and 89.47%, positive predictive values of 91.89% and 99.63%, and negative predictive values of 78.57% and 85.56%, and the areas under the ROC curves were 0.942 and 0.986, respectively. Conclusion PPG monitoring results show high consistency with PSG in critically ill patients with respiratory and cardiocerebrovascular diseases combined with OSAS.

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells and play an indispensable role as first responders of damaged tissue and infected sites in the early inflammatory response of healing. Neutrophils provide immediate host defense by engulfing and destroying pathogens, releasing cytotoxic enzymes and metabolites, and spreading inflammatory networks. However, if left uncontrolled, these defense mechanisms can cause significant collateral damage. Focusing on the triggers of harmful neutrophil inflammation and immunomodulatory deficits, as well as grasping the specific drivers of harmful inflammation, is of great significance for recalibrating inflammation to promote endogenous tissue repair. This article, starting from the causes of neutrophil inflammation imbalance, elaborated the main mechanism of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and related pathological manifestations, and highlighted the therapeutic targets with promising applications.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of thromboelastography (TEG) combined with conventional coagulation test (CCT) for trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) in patients with electric burns in the early stage.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series research. From February 2018 to February 2024, the clinical data of 128 electric burn patients and 118 thermal burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the Department of Burn Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were collected, including 224 males and 22 females, aged (38±14) years. The patients were divided into electric burn group (128 cases) and thermal burn group (118 cases) according to their injuries. The incidence of TIC, the indicators of CCT, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen level, D-dimer level, platelet count, and the detection indicators of TEG, including coagulation reaction time, K value, coagulation angle, maximum thrombus amplitude, comprehensive coagulation index, and lysis rate at 30 minutes after maximum amplitude within 8 hours of admission were compared between the two groups of patients. The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between CCT and TEG in diagnosing TIC in patients with electric burns in the early stage after burns. The receiver operating characteristic curves of CCT, TEG, and TEG combined with CCT in diagnosing TIC in 128 patients with electric burns were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the maximum Jordan index, and sensitivity and specificity at this time were calculated.Results:The proportion of patients diagnosed with TIC in electric burn group was 19.5% (25/128) within 8 hours of admission, which was significantly higher than 10.2% (12/118) in thermal burn group ( χ2=4.21, P<0.05). Compared with those in thermal burn group, prothrombin time was significantly shortened ( t=-2.32, P<0.05), D-dimer level, fibrinogen level, and platelet count were significantly increased (with Z values of -2.11 and -4.16, respectively, t=4.69, P<0.05), the coagulation reaction time was significantly shortened ( t=-2.51, P<0.05), and the maximum thrombus amplitude and lysis rate at 30 minutes after the maximum amplitude were significantly increased (with t values of 2.50 and 2.10, respectively, P<0.05) in patients in electric burn group within 8 hours of admission. There were no statistically significant differences in the other CCT indicators and TEG detection indicators between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). The CCT and TEG showed high consistency in the diagnosis of TIC in patients with electric burns in the early stage after burns (Kappa=0.63, P<0.05). The AUCs of TEG combined with CCT, TEG, and CCT in diagnosis of TIC in 128 patients with electric burns were 0.92, 0.84, and 0.77 (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.86-0.97, 0.71-0.97, and 0.71-0.97, respectively), with the maximum Jordan indexes of 0.86, 0.57, and 0.65. At this time, the specificity was 93.7%, 83.2%, and 88.2%, respectively, and the sensitivity was 92.3%, 87.5%, and 76.5%, respectively. Conclusions:Patients with electric burns are in a state of hypercoagulability of coagulation system and hyperfunction of fibrinolysis system in the early stage after burns, and TEG combined with CCT can increase the diagnostic rate of TIC in patients with electric burns.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of homemade adjustable mirabilite vest in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and supply reference for clinical nursing.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. One hundred patients with acute severe pancreatitis admitted to Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected, and were divided into the pocket group and the vest group according to the order of admission with 50 cases in each group. The pocket group used traditional mirabilite bag for external application, the vest group used adjustable mirabilite vest for external application. The other treatment measures were the same for both two group. The comfort degree, itching severity and average length of hospital stay of these two groups were compared.Results:The basic data of the two groups were homogeneous. The difference were not statistically significant( P>0.05). After intervention, the comfort degree of the pocket group was (65.90 ± 7.95) points while the comfort degree of the vest group was (77.04 ± 5.96) points. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.93, P<0.01). The degree of pruritus was (12.72 ± 3.95) points in the pocket group and (8.00 ± 1.20) points in the vest group.The difference was statistically significant ( t = 8.08, P<0.05). The mean length of hospital stay in the pocket group was (15.86 ± 5.83) days and (11.02 ± 3.38) days in the vest group. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.08, P<0.01). Conclusions:When using topical mirabilite for patients with acute severe pancreatitis, the use of adjustable mirabilite vest can significantly improve patients′ comfort, reduce itching, and reduce the number of hospital days, which has the value of promotion and use.