Case Report Open Access 15 Sinocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), most commonly involving the frontal sinus, with maxillary sinus involvement being uncommon and typically associated with trauma, surgery, or odontogenic infection. We report a rare case of a maxillary sinocutaneous fistula secondary to chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis in the absence of trauma, prior surgical intervention, fungal infection, or neoplasia. The condition resulted from longstanding inflammation with associated osteitis and cortical erosion of the maxillary sinus wall, leading to abnormal communication with the overlying facial skin. Diagnosis was established through clinical evaluation and contrast - enhanced computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. Definitive management consisted of functional endoscopic sinus surgery with complete excision of the fistulous tract and primary multilayered closure. This case underscores the potential for chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease to cause rare bony complications and highlights the importance of considering CRS in the differential diagnosis of persistent facial cutaneous fistulae

Case Report Open Access 15 Sinocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), most commonly involving the frontal sinus, with maxillary sinus involvement being uncommon and typically associated with trauma, surgery, or odontogenic infection. We report a rare case of a maxillary sinocutaneous fistula secondary to chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis in the absence of trauma, prior surgical intervention, fungal infection, or neoplasia. The condition resulted from longstanding inflammation with associated osteitis and cortical erosion of the maxillary sinus wall, leading to abnormal communication with the overlying facial skin. Diagnosis was established through clinical evaluation and contrast - enhanced computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. Definitive management consisted of functional endoscopic sinus surgery with complete excision of the fistulous tract and primary multilayered closure. This case underscores the potential for chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease to cause rare bony complications and highlights the importance of considering CRS in the differential diagnosis of persistent facial cutaneous fistulae

Non-compliance to hygienic practices in contact lens wear is regarded as a significant risk factor for contact lens-related complications. Non-compliant behaviour continues to prevent efforts to improve contact lens safety despite advancements in lens materials and care solutions. The objective of this study was to identify the association between knowledge, compliance and complications of contact lens wear. A cross-sectional design was used and contact lens users among medical faculty students were identified and recruited via convenience sampling throughout October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 36 close-ended questions that focused on knowledge level, compliance to standard contact lens practice, and experience of complications were administered. A total of 188 respondents, majority of females (89.4%; n=168) participated in this study. Although majority had good knowledge level (68.1%; n=128) on care and usage of contact lens while only a small number having moderate knowledge (26.6%; n=50) and poor knowledge (5.3%; n=10), most of them were partially compliant (74.5%; n=140) to the recommended contact lens practices. However, a small group was found to be fully compliant (24.4%; n=46) and the rest being non-compliant (1.1%; n=2). There was a significant association between knowledge on contact lens usage and compliance level to standard practices (p=0.0003). In addition, a significant association also existed between compliance level to recommended practices and risk of complications from contact lens usage (p=0.023). Findings of this study showed the positive association between knowledge of contact lens usage and compliance to recommended practices and negative association between knowledge of contact lens usage and complications experienced by contact lens users. By providing basic knowledge on contact lens care and usage via education, improvement on compliance and enhancement of safety of contact lens wear could invariably be achieved.

Cervico facial cystic hygroma and tongue lymphagioma is rare representative of spectrum of lymphatic malformations. Conservative management with sclerosants alone has proven to be successful. However, sudden enlargement of these cervico facial lymphangiomas leads to catastrophic airway obstruction leading to debility in feeding and speech. Therefore, surgery is indicated in such case to prevent such a catastrophic problem. We report here the case of a 3-yearold boy with cervico facial hygroma involving the tongue. We successfully treated him with a combination of surgery and OK432 injection.