With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

To investigate the effect and the mechanism of ppk1 gene deletion on the drug susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs-UPEC). The study was an experimental study. From March to April 2021, a strain of ESBLs-UPEC (genotype was TEM combined with CTX-M-14) named as UE210113, was isolated from urine sample of the patient with urinary tract infection in the Laboratory Department of Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, meanwhile its ppk1 gene knock-out strain Δpk1 and complemented strain Δpk1-C were constructed by suicide plasmid homologous recombination technique, which was used to study the effect of ppk1 gene on ESBLs-UPEC drug sensitivity and its mechanism. The drug susceptibility of UE210113, Δpk1, and Δpk1-C were measured by Vitek2 Compact System and broth microdilution method. The quantitative expression of ESBLs, outer membrane protein and multidrug efflux systems encoding genes of UE210113, Δpk1 and Δpk1-C were performed by using qRT-PCR analysis. By using two independent sample Mann-Whitney U test, the drug susceptibility results showed that, compared with UE210113 strain, the sensitivities of Δpk1 to ceftazidime, cefepime, tobramycin, minocycline and cotrimoxazole were enhanced (Z=-2.121,P<0.05;Z=-2.236,P<0.05;Z=-2.236,P<0.05;Z=-2.121,P<0.05), and the drug susceptibility of Δpk1-C restored to the same as which of UE210113 (Z=0,P>0.05). The expression levels of ESBLs-enconding genes bla_TEM and bla_CTX-M-14 in Δpk1 were significantly down-regulated compared with UE210113, but the expression was not restored in Δpk1-C. The expression of outer membrane protein gene omp F in Δpk1 was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of omp A and omp C were down-regulated. The results showed that the expression of multidrug efflux systems encoding genes tol C, mdt A and mdtG were down-regulated in Δpk1 compared with UE210113. The expression of all of the outer membrane protein genes and the multidrug efflux systems genes were restored in Δpk1-C. In conclusion,the lost of ppk1 gene can affect the expression of the outer membrane protein and multidrug efflux systems encoding genes of ESBLs-UPEC, which increase the sensitivity of ESBLs-UPEC to various drugs.
Humans ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism* ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Plasmids ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*

To investigate the effect and the mechanism of ppk1 gene deletion on the drug susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs-UPEC). The study was an experimental study. From March to April 2021, a strain of ESBLs-UPEC (genotype was TEM combined with CTX-M-14) named as UE210113, was isolated from urine sample of the patient with urinary tract infection in the Laboratory Department of Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, meanwhile its ppk1 gene knock-out strain Δpk1 and complemented strain Δpk1-C were constructed by suicide plasmid homologous recombination technique, which was used to study the effect of ppk1 gene on ESBLs-UPEC drug sensitivity and its mechanism. The drug susceptibility of UE210113, Δpk1, and Δpk1-C were measured by Vitek2 Compact System and broth microdilution method. The quantitative expression of ESBLs, outer membrane protein and multidrug efflux systems encoding genes of UE210113, Δpk1 and Δpk1-C were performed by using qRT-PCR analysis. By using two independent sample Mann-Whitney U test, the drug susceptibility results showed that, compared with UE210113 strain, the sensitivities of Δpk1 to ceftazidime, cefepime, tobramycin, minocycline and cotrimoxazole were enhanced (Z=-2.121,P<0.05;Z=-2.236,P<0.05;Z=-2.236,P<0.05;Z=-2.121,P<0.05), and the drug susceptibility of Δpk1-C restored to the same as which of UE210113 (Z=0,P>0.05). The expression levels of ESBLs-enconding genes bla_TEM and bla_CTX-M-14 in Δpk1 were significantly down-regulated compared with UE210113, but the expression was not restored in Δpk1-C. The expression of outer membrane protein gene omp F in Δpk1 was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of omp A and omp C were down-regulated. The results showed that the expression of multidrug efflux systems encoding genes tol C, mdt A and mdtG were down-regulated in Δpk1 compared with UE210113. The expression of all of the outer membrane protein genes and the multidrug efflux systems genes were restored in Δpk1-C. In conclusion,the lost of ppk1 gene can affect the expression of the outer membrane protein and multidrug efflux systems encoding genes of ESBLs-UPEC, which increase the sensitivity of ESBLs-UPEC to various drugs.
Humans ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism* ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Plasmids ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*

Tumor immune checkpoint therapy is a clinical treatment strategy developed based on the new principle of the inhibition of negative immune regulation. In this article, the tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies were reviewed, mainly including immunity and tumor therapy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy and its mechanism of action, clinical application of tumor immune checkpoint therapy and therapeutic drugs, immune resistance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment and countermeasures, drug delivery strategies for tumor immune checkpoint therapeutic agents, etc. As a revolutionary new immunotherapy strategy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy has shown obvious superior therapeutic efficacy in a variety types of tumor. However, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is also faced with a big challenge, namely, immunotherapy resistance. With the discovery of new mechanism, the continuous development of new therapeutic drugs and delivery strategies, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy of tumor.

Aim To investigate the reeovery of I FN-7- tion and the protective effect of Prepared Radix Reh- secreting T and NK cells after low dose X-ray irradia- manniae ( PRR ).Methods X-ray 2.5Gy was used to establish a mouse irradiated model,and some irradiated mice were used to establish a melanoma lung cancer metastasis model or to be treated by PRR.The propor¬tion and number of Tel , Thl and NK1 cells with the phenotypes of IL-12R and IL-15R were detected by flow cytometry.The transcription levels of IL-12,1L- 15 ,STAT4 and T-bet were detected by RT-qPCR.Re¬sults Within four days after irradiation,Thl ,Tcl and NK1 cells were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01).The expression of IL-12R and IL-15R de¬creased in Thl and Tel cells , and increased in NK1 cells ( P < 0.05 ).On day 8 of irradiation , NK1 and Tc 1 cells recovered or exceeded basic level, but Th 1 was still lower than normal level ( P < 0.05 ) , and tumor load of irradiated mice increased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with radiation group, the propor¬tion and absolute numbers of NK1 ,Tel and Thl were up-regulated by PRR (P <0.05 <0.01) ,and tumor load was down-regulated ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions The impaired reconstitution of Thl cells after irradia¬tion affects the anti-tumor ability.PRR promotes the recover}' of IFN-∗y-secreting T and NK cells after radia¬tion and reduces the risk of tumor metastasis in mice.

Objective: To understand the risk factors and antibiotics-resistant patterns of invasive Acinetobacter baumannii infection in Children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 6 tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to December 2018. The basic information, clinical data and the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were collected from the 98 pediatric inpatients with Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid and analyzed. According to the susceptibility of the infected strains to carbapenems, they were divided into carbapenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB) group and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) group. According to the possible sources of infection, they were divided into nosocomial infection group and community infection group. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to analyze categorical variables and rank sum test were used to analyze continuous variables. The risk factors of invasive CRAB infection in children were analyzed by Logistic regression. Result: There were 56 males and 42 females in 98 cases. The onset age of patients was 8 (2, 24) months. There were 62 cases (63%) from rural area. A total of 87 cases (89%) were confirmed with bloodstream infection, and 12 cases (12%) confirmed with meningitis (1 case was accompanied with bloodstream infection). In these patients, 66 cases (67%) received invasive medical procedures or surgery, 54 cases (55%) received carbapenems-containing therapy. Twenty-four cases were infected with CRAB, and 74 cases with CSAB. The onset age of cases in CRAB group was lower than that in CSAB group (4 (1, 9) vs. 10 (4, 24) months, Z=-2.16, P=0.031). The proportions of hospitalization in intensive care unit, carbapenem antibiotics using, pneumonia and adverse prognosis in CRAB group were higher than those in CSAB group (6 cases (25%) vs. 4 cases (5%), 18 cases (75%) vs. 36 cases (49%), 17 cases (71%) vs. 17 cases (23%), 6 cases (25%) vs. 4 cases (5%), χ²=5.61, 5.09, 18.32, 5.61, all P<0.05). Seventy-seven cases were nosocomial infection and 21 cases were hospital-acquired infection. The proportion of children hospitalized in high-risk wards for nosocomial infections, length of hospitalization, number of antimicrobial therapy received and duration of antimicrobial therapy were higher in the hospital associated infection group than those in the community acquired infection group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that children from rural area (OR=8.42, 95%CI 1.45-48.88), prior mechanical ventilation (OR=12.62, 95%CI 1.31-121.76), and prior antibiotic therapy (OR=4.90, 95%CI 1.35-17.72) were independent risk factors for CRAB infection. The resistance percentage of CSAB isolates to many classes of antibiotics was <6% except to gentamicin, which was as high as 20% (13/65). All CRAB isolates of resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam (20/20), cefepime (23/23), piperacillin (17/17), meropenem (23/23) and imipenem (24/24) were 100%. The resistance percentage to other antibiotics were up to 42%-96%. Conclusions: Most of invasive Acinetobacter baumannii infection in children in China are hospital-acquired. The outcome of invasive CRAB infection was poorer than that of CSAB infection. The drug resistance rate of CRAB strains isolated is high. Living in rural area, prior invasive mechanical ventilation and prior antibiotic therapy were independent risk factors for invasive CRAB infection. The prevention and control of nosocomial infection and appropriate use of antibiotics to reduce Acinetobacter baumannii infection.
Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology* ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Carbapenems/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Cross Infection/epidemiology* ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis