Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) rs11545078 gene polymorphisms on plasma concentrations and toxicity following high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS: Children with ALL treated at the Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to April 2024 were selected for this study. Genotypes of MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. MTX plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique, and toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. The relationships between MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 genotypes and both MTX plasma concentrations and associated toxicities were analyzed. RESULTS: In the low-risk ALL group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 72 hours (P<0.05). In the intermediate- to high-risk group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 48 hours (P<0.05), and the GGH rs11545078 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 48 hours (P<0.05). In the intermediate- to high-risk group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with the occurrence of reduced hemoglobin (P<0.05), and the GGH rs11545078 genotype was associated with the occurrence of thrombocytopenia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Detection of MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 genotypes can be used to predict increased MTX plasma concentrations and the occurrence of toxic reactions in high-dose MTX treatment of ALL, enabling timely interventions to enhance safety.
Humans ; Methotrexate/toxicity* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase/genetics* ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects* ; Infant ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Adolescent ; Genotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of manipulation treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) based on the model of muscle and bone assessment. METHODS: From May 2022 to August 2023, using the methods single-center randomized controlled in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 72 patients were treated with LDH and divided into muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group and the two step seven gimmick group according to the random number table method, the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group fall off in 1 case, the two step seven gimmick group falls off in 2 cases. There were 35 cases in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, including 12 males and 23 females;The age was 27 to 48 years old with an average of (37.77±7.63) years old. The course of disease was 35 to 180 days with an average of (83.68±69.01) days. The patients were treated with manual therapy under the guidance of muscle and bone assessment model, twice a week for 4 weeks. There were 34 cases in the two step seven gimmick group including 12 males and 22 females;The age was 26 to 49 years old with an average of (37.59±7.43) years old;The course of disease was 40 to 175 days with an average of (82.15±68.87) days. The patients were treated with two step seven gimmick method, 2 times a week, for 4 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (Oswestry disability index, ODI) questionnaire, muscle tension and lumbar spine angle and the straight leg-raising activities were compared between two groups before and 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The VAS of the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group and the two step seven gimmick group(6.51±0.61) and (6.62±0.56) before treatment decreased to 2.40±0.81 and 3.18±0.78 after 4 weeks of treatment, respectively, and the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group was significantly lower than the two step seven gimmick group (P<0.01). The ODI of the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group and the two step seven gimmick group were (64.57±5.11) and (65.02±5.18) before treatment, decreased to (18.60±2.27) and (24.70±2.14) after 4 weeks of treatment, and the ODI of the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group was significantly lower than that of the two step seven gimmick group (P<0.01). Before the treatment, side erector spinae, gluteus medius, and gastrocnemius muscle tension were (59.95±2.60), (62.59±2.51), (49.97±2.01) in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group and (60.39±3.84), (62.47±3.27), (49.55±1.27) in the two step seven gimmick group;After 4 weeks of treatment, the muscle tension of erector spinae, gluteus medius and gastrocnemius on the affected side were (56.58±2.71), (60.44±2.31) and (49.19±1.57) in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, (58.28±3.79), (60.11±2.87), (48.55±0.90) in the two step seven gimmick group, the differences had statistical significance before and after treatment of two groups(P<0.01). The muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group was better than the two step seven gimmick group in improving the erector spinae muscle tension on the affected side (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the rest (P>0.05). Before the treatment, lumbar proneness, stretch, subject to lateral flexion and lateral angle of the straight leg-raising on the affected side were (46.00±8.89)°, (13.57±3.75)°, (12.29±3.50) °, (43.71±7.98) ° in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, (45.14±6.24) °, (12.23±3.75) °, (12.66±2.98) ° and (44.18±3.50) ° in the two step seven gimmick group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the angles of lumbar flexion, extension, flexion on the affected side and straight leg raising on the affected side were (76.29±4.43) °, (20.00±1.71) °, (22.43±2.81) °, (70.41±7.59) ° in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, and (75.75±6.38) °, (16.43±3.36) °, (20.19±3.52) °, (65.42±6.15) ° in the two step seven gimmick group. The difference had statistical significance before and after treatment in two groups(P<0.01), a comparison between groups, after 4 weeks of treatment, the angles of lumbar flexion and extension, affected side flexion, and lower limb straight leg elevation in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group were better than those in the two step seven gimmick group (P<0.05). Before the treatment, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis angle were (2.71±1.01) mm, (37.63±3.35) ° in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, and (2.69±0.97) mm, (36.98±3.73) ° in the two step seven gimmick group;After 4 weeks of treatment, the pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis angle were (0.84±0.36) mm and (41.64±2.96) ° in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group, and those in the method of two step seven gimmick group were (1.18±0.75) mm and (41.70±3.14) °. There were significant differences before and after treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the improvement of pelvic tilt in the muscle and bone assessment model manipulation group was better than that in the method of two step seven gimmick group after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The manipulation under the guidance of the muscle and bone assessment model can effectively improve the pain and dysfunction of LDH patients, and has a better effect than the two-step seven-method manipulation group in improving the muscle tension, lumbar motion function and posture.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Lumbar Vertebrae

Male ; Humans ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics* ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease

According to the theory of 'Xingben Dazao' of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BL), the susceptible syndromes and biomarkers of liver injury caused by BL were searched. Rat models of kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (M_yin) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (M_yang) were established, and all animal experimental operations and welfare following the provisions of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. YFYDW2020017). The results showed that BL significantly decreased the body weight, water intake, and urine weight of M_yin rats and increase the organ indexes of the liver, testis, adrenal gland, and spleen and the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Meantime, BL significantly increased the urine weight of M_yang rats and decreased the expression of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that BL could aggravate inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes in rats with M_yin and alleviate liver injury in rats with M_yang. Metabolomics identified 17 BL co-regulated significant differential metabolic markers in M_yin and M_yang rats. Among them, 8 metabolites such as glutamine, quinolinate, biliverdin, and lactosylceramide showed opposite trends, mainly involving cysteine and methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and other pathways. M_yin/M_yang may be the susceptible constitution of BL for liver damage or protection, which may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. The study can provide some experimental data support for the safe and accurate use of BL in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients based on longitudinal multidimensional data.Methods:This was a single-center, retrospective observational study. Data of MHD patients were retrospectively analyzed from April 3, 2017 to December 31, 2021 in the blood purification center of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command. IDH defined by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative was used as outcome indicator. Generalized estimating equations were used for univariate and multivariate regression analysis. The importance of each factor on the occurrence of IDH was evaluated by chi-square statistic minus degrees of freedom, and sensitivity analysis was performed by 5-fold interpolation of missing data.Results:A total of 156 elderly patients were enrolled, 91(58.3%) of whom were male, and 2 681 dialysis data recordings were included. The incidence of IDH from 2017 to 2021 fluctuated from 8.3% to 13.2%, with an average incidence of 11.0% by 2021. The results of multivariate regression showed pre-dialysis systolic pressure of 140-159 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, 90-139 mmHg as reference: OR=0.482, 95% CI 0.273-0.851, P=0.012), pre-dialysis diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg (60-89 mmHg as reference, 90-99 mmHg: OR=4.081, 95% CI 2.132-7.809, P < 0.001; ≥ 100 mmHg: OR=8.547, 95% CI 3.233-22.597, P < 0.001), albumin (34-48 as reference, < 34 g/L: OR=2.677, 95% CI 1.592-4.502, P < 0.001; > 48 g/L: OR=2.692, 95% CI 1.102-6.577, P=0.030), C-reactive protein ≥ 8 mg/L (< 8 mg/L as reference: OR=1.787, 95% CI 1.216-2.628, P=0.003), hemodiafiltration as the dialysis mode (hemodialysis as the reference: OR=2.256, 95% CI 1.395-3.648, P=0.001), actual ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass (per 1% increase, OR=1.539, 95% CI 1.139-2.080, P=0.005), and ultrafiltration rate (per 100 ml/h increase, OR=1.641, 95% CI 1.389-1.939, P < 0.001) were independently associated with the occurrence of IDH. Contribution analysis showed that the top three factors related to IDH were ultrafiltration rate ( χ 2- df=32.798), pre-dialysis diastolic pressure ( χ 2- df=20.757) and albumin ( χ 2- df=19.971). The sensitivity analysis showed that the regression results were robust. Conclusions:The risk factors of IDH in elderly MHD patients are increasing ultrafiltration rate, higher pre-dialysis diastolic pressure(≥ 90 mmHg), lower albumin (< 34 g/L), HDF, higher c-reactive protein(≥ 8 mg/L) and increasing actual ultrafiltration volume/dry body mass. Higher pre-dialysis systolic pressure (140-159 mmHg) is a protective factor.

The interaction of drug and target protein is a critical part of new drug discovery. It is the premise for drugs to exert therapeutic effects by targeting specific binding sites of target proteins and thereby affecting its pharmacological activity. Currently, a variety of techniques are exploited to detect the interaction between drug ligands and target proteins. For example, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) based on thermodynamics, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technology, etc. In addition, high-throughput ligand screening technology provides technical convenience for the search of specific ligand, and is a powerful tool to efficiently identify the interaction between drug ligand and target protein. Here, we summarize the detection techniques of interaction between small molecules and target proteins, and discuss the application of high-throughput ligand screening technology in drug research.

Target identification and verification of natural products is an important and challenging work in the field of chemical biology. It is also an important job for researchers to apply chemical proteomics technology to biomedicine in order to identify target proteins of natural products. Target identification is critical to understanding its mechanisms and developing natural products as molecular probes and potential therapeutic drugs. Traditional approaches of small molecule target identification based on affinity have been shown to be successful, such as click-chemical probes, radioisotope labeling or photosensitized small-molecule probes. Nevertheless, these technologies require purified candidate target proteins, and modified small molecules with probes or linkers, such as adding agarose beads, biotin labels, fluorescent labeling or photo-affinity labeling. Many structure-activity relationship studies should be performed to ensure that the addition of small molecule labels undisturbed the original biological activity of the small molecules. Unfortunately, all these modifications are likely to alter their biological activity or binding specificity. To overcome the bottleneck of "target recognition", researchers have developed a series of new techniques for unmodified drug target identification. In this article, we reviewed the target identification techniques of natural product without structural modification in order to provide reference for the development of natural products.

Humans ; Hemangioma/pathology* ; Hemangioma, Capillary/pathology*

Aim To investigate the reeovery of I FN-7- tion and the protective effect of Prepared Radix Reh- secreting T and NK cells after low dose X-ray irradia- manniae ( PRR ).Methods X-ray 2.5Gy was used to establish a mouse irradiated model,and some irradiated mice were used to establish a melanoma lung cancer metastasis model or to be treated by PRR.The propor¬tion and number of Tel , Thl and NK1 cells with the phenotypes of IL-12R and IL-15R were detected by flow cytometry.The transcription levels of IL-12,1L- 15 ,STAT4 and T-bet were detected by RT-qPCR.Re¬sults Within four days after irradiation,Thl ,Tcl and NK1 cells were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01).The expression of IL-12R and IL-15R de¬creased in Thl and Tel cells , and increased in NK1 cells ( P < 0.05 ).On day 8 of irradiation , NK1 and Tc 1 cells recovered or exceeded basic level, but Th 1 was still lower than normal level ( P < 0.05 ) , and tumor load of irradiated mice increased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with radiation group, the propor¬tion and absolute numbers of NK1 ,Tel and Thl were up-regulated by PRR (P <0.05 <0.01) ,and tumor load was down-regulated ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions The impaired reconstitution of Thl cells after irradia¬tion affects the anti-tumor ability.PRR promotes the recover}' of IFN-∗y-secreting T and NK cells after radia¬tion and reduces the risk of tumor metastasis in mice.