Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

Objective To introduce the causes of accidents and the diagnosis and treatment of two patients with radiation-induced skin injury admitted to our hospital in 2023, and to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of subsequent radiation-induced skin injury. Methods The clinical treatment process of two patients with acute skin injury caused by external radiation exposure were summarized and analyzed. Results The exposure history of the two patients was reconstructed, the flaw detection scenario was simulated, the biological dose and hand skin exposure dose were estimated, and the infrared thermal imaging device was used for dynamic monitoring. A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on clinical manifestations and other data. The diagnosis of “Xie” was excessive exposure combined with acute radiation-induced skin injury on both hands (Grade IV for the right hand palm, index finger, and middle finger and Grade II for the left hand little finger). The diagnosis of “Hao” was acute radiation-induced skin injury on both hands (Grade I). The two patients received different clinical treatment measures: “Xie” was treated with both local and systemic therapies, while “Hao” was mainly treated with systemic therapy. Conclusion After systematic and effective treatment, the radiation-induced skin injuries healed in both patients.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province during the stage moving from transmission interruption to elimination (2015—2023), so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control measures during the post-elimination stage. Methods Schistosomiasis control data were retrospectively collected from departments of health, agriculture and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, water resources, and natural resources in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, and a database was created to document examinations and treatments of human and livestock schistosomiasis, and snail survey and control, conversion of paddy fields to dry fields, ditch hardening, rivers and lakes management and building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. The completion of schistosomiasis control measures was investigated, and the effectiveness was evaluated. Results A total of 20 545 155 person-times received human schistosomiasis examinations in Sichuan Province during the period from 2015 to 2023, and 232 157 person-times were seropositive, with a reduction in the seroprevalence from 2.10% (44 299/2 107 003) in 2015 to 1.12% (9 361/837 896) in 2023 (χ² = 7.68, P < 0.001). The seroprevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Sichuan Province over years from 2015 to 2023 (b = −8.375, t = −10.052, P < 0.001); however, no egg positive individuals were identified during the period from 2018 to 2023, with the prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections maintained at 0. Expanded chemotherapy was administered to 2 754 515 person-times, and medical assistance of advanced schistosomiasis was given to 6 436 persontimes, with the treatment coverage increasing from 46.80% (827/1 767) in 2015 to 64.87% (868/1 338) in 2023. Parasitological tests for livestock schistosomiasis were performed in 35 113 herd-times, and expanded chemotherapy was administered to 513 043 herd-times, while the number of fenced livestock decreased from 121 631 in 2015 to 103 489 in 2023, with a reduction of 14.92%. Snail survey covered 433 621.80 hm² in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, with 204 602.81 hm² treated by chemical control and 4 637.74 hm² by environmental modifications. The area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 5 029.80 hm² in 2016 to 3 709.72 hm² in 2023, and the actual area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 8 585.48 hm² in 2016 to 473.09 hm² in 2023. The mean density of living snails remained low across the study period except in 2017 (0.62 snails/0.1 m²). Schistosomiasis control efforts by departments of agriculture and rural affairs in Sichuan Province included conversion of paddy fields to dry fields covering 153 346.93 hm², hardening of 6 110.31 km ditches, building of 70 356 biogas digesters, replacement of cattle with 227 161 sets of machines, and captive breeding of 21 161 070 livestock from 2015 to 2023, and the control efforts by departments of water resources included rivers and lakes management measuring 5 676.92 km and renovation of 2 331 irrigation areas, while the control efforts by departments of forestry and grassland included building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention covering 23 913.33 hm², renovation of snail control forests covering 8 720 hm² and newly building of shelterbelts covering 764 686.67 hm². All 63 endemic counties (cities and districts) had achieved the criterion for schistosomiasis elimination criteria in Sichuan Province by the end of 2023. Conclusion Following the integrated control efforts from 2015 to 2023, remarkable achievements have been obtained in the schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province, with all endemic counties successfully attaining the schistosomiasis elimination target at the county level.

Nine novel compounds, comprising seven tetrahydroanthraquinones (auxarthrolones A-G, 1-7), a γ-butenolide glycoside (malfilamentoside E, 26), and a γ-butenolide (auxarthrolide A, 27), together with eighteen known compounds (8-25) were isolated from rice-based solid culture of Auxarthron umbrinum (A. umbrinum) DSM3193 using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach. The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and NMR calculation combined with DP4+ analysis or MAEΔΔδ parameter, while the absolute configurations of new compounds were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic data analysis and/or chemical derivatization. Austrocortilutein (10) and auxarthrol H (14) demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against U87 and U251 [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) 3.5-12.1 μmol·L^-1]. Additionally, auxarthrolone A (1), auxarthrol H (14), eupolyphagin B (15), and 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (17) exhibited torsional effects on fibroblast proliferation challenges induced by oleic acid, thus demonstrating fibroblast proliferation-promoting activity.
4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Anthraquinones/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

Objective To investigate the neurovascular coupling(NVC)status in the acute phase of patients with minor ischemic stroke(MIS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)due to intracranial large artery moderate-to-severe stenosis or occlusion using multimodal MRI techniques and to explore its correlation with quality of life(QoL).Methods This prospective,consecutive study enrolled patients with MIS or TIA due to intracranial large artery moderate-to-severe stenosis or occlusion form the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,between June 2022 and October 2023.Recruit healthy subjects with matched age,sex,and handedness form the community during the same period.Patients were divided into left-sided involvement and right-sided involvement groups based on the affected side of the responsible vessel,while the healthy subjects were set as the healthy control group.Post-hoc power analysis was performed using G*Power 3.1 software.General characteristics(age,gender,body mass index,education level)were collected and compared across all three groups.Clinical data and QoL assessment were collected and compared between the two patient groups.Collected clinical data including type of cerebrovascular events(TIA,MIS),the National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,the responsible vessel(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery)and its side location,the degree of responsibility artery stenosis(moderate-severe stenosis[50%-99%stenosis rate],occlusion[100%stenosis rate]),the intracranial collateral circulation status(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASITN/SIR]collateral circulation grading),cerebrovascular risk factors(hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,smoking history),and the laboratory test indicators at admission(glycated hemoglobin,triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood uric acid,blood homocysteine).QoL was assessed using the stroke impact scale(SIS),covering eight functional domains and a patient-reported overall recovery item.Multimodal MR data were acquired for all subjects.Whole-brain cerebral blood flow(CBF)images were generated using statistics parameter mapping 12(SPM 12)software,while regional homogeneity(ReHo)images were generated using DPABI software.The voxel-wise ratio of CBF to ReHo(CBF/ReHo)was calculated as the regional NVC parameter.Differences in regional NVC characteristics were compared between patient groups and the healthy control group.Correlations between NVC parameters and SIS scores within patient groups were explored.Results(1)A total of 38 patients with MIS or TIA due to intracranial large artery moderate-to-severe stenosis or occlusion were included(26 males,12 females,aged 36-69 years,with mean age of[52±11]years),with 23 in the left-sided involvement group and 15 in the right-sided involvement group.Nineteen healthy subjects were included(10 males,9 females,aged 37-67 years,with mean age of[53±10]years).Post-hoc power analysis showed statistical power of 0.808 for comparing the left-sided involvement group with the healthy control group and 0.762 for comparing the right-sided involvement group with control group.(2)No statistically significant differences were found on gender,age,education level,or body mass index across the three groups(all P＞0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed on the type of cerebrovascular event,cerebrovascular risk factors,distribution of the responsible vessel,degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel,admission NIHSS score,or laboratory test results between the two patient groups(all P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the total SIS score and the scores of subscales between the two patient groups(all P＞0.05).(3)Compared with the healthy control group,the left-sided involvement group exhibited reduced CBF/ReHo values in the left superior and middle temporal gyri,supramarginal gyrus,middle and inferior frontal gyri,precentral gyrus,angular gyrus,postcentral gyrus,insula,and posterior cerebellar lobe(FDR-corrected,all P＜0.05).In the right-sided involvement group,reduced CBF/ReHo values were observed in the right supramarginal gyrus,right postcentral gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,and insula(FDR-corrected,all P＜0.05).(4)Correlation analysis revealed that the SIS total score in the left-sided involvement group negatively correlated with CBF/ReHo values in the right inferior frontal gyrus(T=-5.91)and the right middle temporal gyrus(T=-6.65,FDR-corrected,both P＜0.05).The SIS subscale score for activities of daily living in the left-sided involvement group showed negative correlations with CBF/ReHo values in the right angular gyrus(T=-7.36),right medial superior frontal gyrus(T=-6.97),right orbitofrontal cortex(T=-8.99),and left thalamus(T=-7.51,FDR-corrected,all P＜0.05).No significant correlation was observed between the SIS total score and CBF/ReHo values in patients with right-sided involvement group.The SIS subscale for communication score in the right-sided involvement group correlated with CBF/ReHo in the left lingual gyrus(T=-12.15),left olfactory cortex(T=-7.68),and right anterior cingulate and paracingulate cortex(T=-9.46,FDR-corrected,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Patients with MIS or TIA due to intracranial large artery moderate-to-severe stenosis or occlusion show abnormal NVC in the acute phase,especially those with left hemisphere involvement,who exhibit more extensive impairments.QoL in left-sided involvement patients is strongly linked to NVC in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right middle temporal gyrus.These findings require further validation in larger-scale studies.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of new-generation snapshot freeze(NG SSF)technology for improving image quality of coronary CT angiography(CCTA)in patients with different heart rate(HR).Methods CCTA data of 164 patients obtained with a 256-row CT scanner and voltages of 80,100 and 120 kV,respectively,in one cardiac cycle were retrospectively analyzed.Smart electrocardiogram(ECG)gating technology was used to calculate patient's HR and choose automatic exposure phase.For these with HR≤65 beats/min(low HR group),the exposure time window was set between 70%—80%R-R interval,for 65 beats/min＜HR≤85 beats/min(medium HR group)was set between 40%—80%R-R interval,while for those HR＞85 beats/min(high HR group)was set between 40%—60%R-R interval.Standard reconstruction(STD),the first-generation snapshot freeze(SSF1)and NG SSF were performed to reconstruct CCTA images,respectively.Subjective scoring of each segment of right coronary artery(RCA),left anterior descending(LAD)and left circumflex artery(LCX)shown on CCTA were performed based on Likert scale.Results In low HR group,the scores of middle and distal segments of LAD and all segments of RCA and LCX on NG SSF CCTA were significantly higher than on STD,and of middle segment of RCA and distal segment of LAD were both higher than on SSF1(all P＜0.05).In medium HR group,the scores of all branches on NG SSF CCTA were significantly higher than on STD or SSF1 CCTA(all P＜0.05).In high HR group,the scores of coronary branches showed on NG SSF CCTA were all significantly higher than on STD CCTA,while of the proximal and distal segments of RCA,middle and distal segments of LAD and all segments of LCX were significantly higher than on SSF1 CCTA(all P＜0.05).Conclusion NG SSF could effectively enhance image quality of prospective ECG-gated CCTA in patients with varying HR.

Objective:To investigatethe effects of different blood lead levels on indicators of immune function in occupationally lead-exposed populations.Methods:From October to December 2023, a total of 126 occupationally exposed lead workers of a company in Guizhou Province were selected, and their basic information was collected through questionnaires. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to detect blood lead levels in the study population. Workers were categorized into Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 based on blood lead levels (blood lead levels <200 μg/L, 200~400 μg/L and >400 μg/L). Lymphocyte subpopulation marker leukocyte differentiation antigen (CD) in peripheral blood and interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN) -γ in serum were examined by flow cytometry. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, and complement proteins (C3, C4) were measured by immunoscattering turbidimetry. Data were statistically analyzed using rank sum test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method for multiple samples.Results:Compared with group 1, the percentage of CD3 +CD8 + and CD4 +CD25 + cells decreased ( P<0.05) and the percentage of CD4 + CD95 + cells increased in the lead-exposed populations in groups 2 and 3 ( P<0.05) ; however, the serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL- 5, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ levels were decreased ( P<0.05) in group 3. Meanwhile, IgG ( P<0.05) and IgM levels in serum of lead-exposed population in group 2 and group 3 were reduced ( P<0.05) comparing with group 1. Spearman correlation analysis showed that blood lead levels of workers were negatively correlated with the percentage of peripheral blood CD8 +CD95 + cells, CD3 +CD8 + cells, CD3 -CD16 + CD56 + cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA ( rs=-0.20, -0.22, -0.23, -0.24, -0.26, -0.35, P<0.05), but was positively correlated with the level of CD3 +CD4 + cells ( rs= 0.18, P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that blood lead level was a risk factor for the percentage of CD8 +CD95 + cells, CD3 +CD8 + cells, CD3 -CD16 + CD56 + cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Different lead loads can lead to abnormal changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and immunoglobulin levels in occupationally lead-exposed people. Lead exposure in occupationally lead-exposed populations may affect their immune function.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.

Objective:To analyze the perceptions, attitudes toward cognitive screening and associated factors in Chinese population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 246 Chinese residents who used smartphones and completed the cognitive screening survey in the Sojump application from February 22 to March 7, 2024 were consecutively selected as the study subjects. The questionnaire content included demographic data, physical examination information, perceptions of cognitive disorders, perceptions, attitudes and suggestions of cognitive screening. A total of 1 273 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 273 were retrieved, of which 1 246 were valid (97.9%). The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the attitudes toward cognitive screening in the subjects.Results:Of the 1 246 respondents included in the study, 468 were male and 778 were female, with a mean age of (43.9±13.8) years. The respondents covered 26 provincial-level administrative regions in China, including 347 (27.8%) in the east, 429 (34.4%) in the middle and 470 (37.7%) in the west. While 943 respondents failed to comprehend the cognitive screening, 914 considered it necessary. Additionally, 447 respondents recommended initiating cognitive screening at age 50, 927 respondents recommended annual screening, and 924 respondents preferred scale assessment. Female ( OR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.599-2.815), middle-aged and elderly ( OR=1.681, 95% CI: 1.223-2.310), urban residents ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.002-2.029), high per capita monthly household income ( OR=1.253, 95% CI: 1.063-1.477), had complete physical examination ( OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.015-1.943), better understanding of cognitive disorders ( OR=2.202, 95% CI: 1.750-2.772), and better understanding of cognitive screening ( OR=3.313, 95% CI: 2.227-4.931) showed positive correlations with the attitude favoring cognitive screening (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The perception levels of cognitive screening among Chinese residents are relatively low, but their attitudes are positive. Socio-economic factors, behavioral experiences, and knowledge levels are associated with residents′ attitudes toward cognitive screening.