Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province during the stage moving from transmission interruption to elimination (2015—2023), so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control measures during the post-elimination stage. Methods Schistosomiasis control data were retrospectively collected from departments of health, agriculture and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, water resources, and natural resources in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, and a database was created to document examinations and treatments of human and livestock schistosomiasis, and snail survey and control, conversion of paddy fields to dry fields, ditch hardening, rivers and lakes management and building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. The completion of schistosomiasis control measures was investigated, and the effectiveness was evaluated. Results A total of 20 545 155 person-times received human schistosomiasis examinations in Sichuan Province during the period from 2015 to 2023, and 232 157 person-times were seropositive, with a reduction in the seroprevalence from 2.10% (44 299/2 107 003) in 2015 to 1.12% (9 361/837 896) in 2023 (χ² = 7.68, P < 0.001). The seroprevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Sichuan Province over years from 2015 to 2023 (b = −8.375, t = −10.052, P < 0.001); however, no egg positive individuals were identified during the period from 2018 to 2023, with the prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections maintained at 0. Expanded chemotherapy was administered to 2 754 515 person-times, and medical assistance of advanced schistosomiasis was given to 6 436 persontimes, with the treatment coverage increasing from 46.80% (827/1 767) in 2015 to 64.87% (868/1 338) in 2023. Parasitological tests for livestock schistosomiasis were performed in 35 113 herd-times, and expanded chemotherapy was administered to 513 043 herd-times, while the number of fenced livestock decreased from 121 631 in 2015 to 103 489 in 2023, with a reduction of 14.92%. Snail survey covered 433 621.80 hm² in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, with 204 602.81 hm² treated by chemical control and 4 637.74 hm² by environmental modifications. The area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 5 029.80 hm² in 2016 to 3 709.72 hm² in 2023, and the actual area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 8 585.48 hm² in 2016 to 473.09 hm² in 2023. The mean density of living snails remained low across the study period except in 2017 (0.62 snails/0.1 m²). Schistosomiasis control efforts by departments of agriculture and rural affairs in Sichuan Province included conversion of paddy fields to dry fields covering 153 346.93 hm², hardening of 6 110.31 km ditches, building of 70 356 biogas digesters, replacement of cattle with 227 161 sets of machines, and captive breeding of 21 161 070 livestock from 2015 to 2023, and the control efforts by departments of water resources included rivers and lakes management measuring 5 676.92 km and renovation of 2 331 irrigation areas, while the control efforts by departments of forestry and grassland included building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention covering 23 913.33 hm², renovation of snail control forests covering 8 720 hm² and newly building of shelterbelts covering 764 686.67 hm². All 63 endemic counties (cities and districts) had achieved the criterion for schistosomiasis elimination criteria in Sichuan Province by the end of 2023. Conclusion Following the integrated control efforts from 2015 to 2023, remarkable achievements have been obtained in the schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province, with all endemic counties successfully attaining the schistosomiasis elimination target at the county level.

Frostbite is the most common cold injury and is caused by both immediate cold-induced cell death and the gradual development of localized inflammation and tissue ischemia. Delayed healing of frostbite often leads to scar formation, which not only causes psychological distress but also tends to result in the development of secondary malignant tumors. Therefore, a rapid healing method for frostbite wounds is urgently needed. Herein, we used a mouse skin model of frostbite injury to evaluate the recovery process after frostbite. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomics was used to determine the patterns of changes in monocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and fibroblasts during frostbite. Most importantly, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived skin organoids combined with gelatin-hydrogel were constructed for the treatment of frostbite. The results showed that skin organoid treatment significantly accelerated wound healing by reducing early inflammation after frostbite and increasing the proportions of epidermal stem cells. Moreover, in the later stage of wound healing, skin organoids reduced the overall proportions of fibroblasts, significantly reduced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by regulating the integrin α5β1-FAK pathway, and remodeled the extracellular matrix (ECM) through degradation and reassembly mechanisms, facilitating the restoration of physiological ECM and reducing the abundance of ECM associated with abnormal scar formation. These results highlight the potential application of organoids for promoting the reversal of frostbite-related injury and the recovery of skin functions. This study provides a new therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from disfigurement and skin dysfunction caused by frostbite.
Animals ; Organoids/metabolism* ; Mice ; Humans ; Wound Healing ; Frostbite/metabolism* ; Skin/pathology* ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology* ; Cicatrix/pathology* ; Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Male

Over the years,the American Diabetes Association(ADA)has been actively committed to the development and promotion of standards for the diagnosis,treatment,and daily care of diabetes.Since 1989,it has updated the diabetes diagnosis and treatment standards every year,which have become one of the most authoritative guidelines in diabetes and have been recognized and adopted by various countries.On December 10,2024,the 2025 Standards of Care in Diabetes were released,incorporating the latest evidence-based medicine content related to diabetes and its complications and comorbidities.It aims to provide guidance on the diagnosis,treat-ment,and management of the condition for clinicians,patients and their families,and researchers.This article interprets the major up-dates from the Standards.

With the acceleration of population aging in China,the management of elderly patients with diabetes has become a critical issue in the field of public health.By integrating international evidence-based medical research data with the specific conditions of China,the 2024 edition of Guideline for the management of diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China proposes individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies for elderly patients with diabetes.This article gives a systematic interpretation of the guideline from a nursing perspective,with a focus on the core contents closely associated with nursing practice,and it also elaborates on the implications for nursing work,summarizes and analyzes the challenges in the management of elderly patients with diabetes,and proposes corresponding strategies,in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for implementing nursing management of elderly patients with diabetes among clinical nurses.

The Guideline for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus in China(2024 edition),released by the Chinese Dia-betes Society on January 20,2025,has updated evidence on diabetes mellitus from various aspects including its epidemiological status in China,diagnosis and treatment progress,and complication management,aiming to guide and facilitate standardized comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice.This paper interprets the guideline from the perspective of nursing practice,focus-ing on nursing care for special diabetic conditions,lifestyle and behavioral interventions,and the procedures of relevant nursing tech-niques.We hope to provide nursing professionals with standardized guidance on diabetes prevention and treatment,thereby further standardizing and refining specialized nursing care for diabetes mellitus,enhancing the quality of patient care,and improving patient prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the performance of models constructed based on demographic infor-mation and tumor characteristics for predicting distant metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients.Methods Data of 7 788 gastric adenocarcinoma patients from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database(2001-2021)were collected as the training set,and clinical data of 259 gastric adenocarci-noma patients from Nanchong Jialing District People's Hospital(January 2019 to October 2024)were collect-ed as the test set.Four machine learning algorithms were used to construct a risk prediction model for distant metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of distant metastasis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.Results Distant metastasis was present in 801 cases(10.3%)in the training set and 25 cases(9.7%)in the test set.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high differentiation,advanced T stage,and higher log odds of positive lymph nodes(LODDS)were risk factors for distant metastasis(P<0.05),while older age,primary tumor site at the gas-troesophageal junction,and higher total number of lymph nodes examined were protective factors(P<0.05).Validation on the test set using the four models showed that the predictive ability of the random forest model was superior to that of logistic regression,K-nearest neighbors(KNN),and support vector machine(SVM).The predictive ability of SVM was better than that of logistic regression and KNN,while logistic regression and KNN showed comparable performance.Delong's test showed that the predictive performance of the ran-dom forest model was superior to that of logistic regression,KNN,and SVM.Calibration curve analysis showed that the predictive accuracy of the random forest model was superior to that of logistic regression,KNN,and SVM.The top five important factors in the random forest model were negative lymph node count,tumor size,metastatic lymph node count,T stage and age.Conclusion The risk prediction model for distant metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma constructed using the random forest algorithm demonstrats optimal per-formance.

This article reports a case of primary Müllerian adenosarcoma(MA)of the ovary admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University in 2022,reviews the literature on this rare disease,and shares the experience of its diagnosis and treatment.The patient was a 29-year-old unmarried woman who underwent laparoscopic resection of an ovarian lesion in another hospital.Intraoperatively,it was observed that"the right ovary was enlarged with a cauliflower-shaped mass at the lower pole,measuring about 11 cm×8 cm,unencapsulated,with a fish-like texture,which was completely excised and sent for examination."Postoperative consultation with a(tertiary)hospital in Beijing and our pathology department suggested the diagnosis of ovarian adenosarcoma.Therefore,we performed a comprehensive staged surgery for the patient,i.e.,laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy,cystectomy of the left ovary,omentectomy,multiple peritoneal biopsies,and hysteroscopic resection of cervical canal lesions.The patient received four cycles of postoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and ifosfamide.After chemotherapy,the patient has been regular followed up and showed no signs of recurrence during the almost 2-year postoperative follow-up period.

Objective:To investigate willingness,current situation and influencing factors of patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)participating in health care.Methods:A total of 220 AF patients treated in Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology between April 2017 and March 2019 were selected.According to willing to accept health care or not,they were divided into study group(willing to accept,n=153)and control group(not willing to accept,n=67).General data of all patients were collected,then the willingness and current situation of patients participat-ing in health care were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze influencing factors of accepting health care in AF patients.Results:Compared with control group,patients in study group had significant higher health care request scores,proportions of complicated chronic diseases and poor self-care ability(depend on others),and significant lower proportion of monthly income＜3000 RMB(P＜0.01 all).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indi-cated that poor self-care ability(depend on others)and complicated chronic diseases possessed positive impact on AF pa-tients participating health care(OR=2.431,2.558,P＜0.05 both),while monthly income＜3000 RMB had negative im-pact on it(OR=0.246,P=0.033).Conclusion:The patients with atrial fibrillation have a high willingness to participate in health care,and they have diversified demands for health care.Multi-directional and multi-channel health care should be performed in combination with the local conditions in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life of these patients.

Aim To explore the protective effect of PPARδ agonist GW501516 on neuro-vascular unit(NVU)injury induced by high glucose in vitro and its mechanism.Methods SD rat hippocampal neurons(Neu),astrocytes(Ast)and brain microvascular en-dothelial cells(BMEC)were isolated,purified and cultured in vitro,and NVU co-culture system was estab-lished.NVU co-culture system cells were divided into the control group,high glucose group(HG group),HG+GW501516 low,medium and high concentration groups(25,50 and 100 nmol·L-1)and HG+GW501516(100 nmol·L-1)+ANA12(TrkB inhibi-tor,5 μmol·L-1)group.NUV barrier function was e-valuated by transendothelial resistance(TEER)test and leakage test;the proliferative activity of Neu cells in co-culture system was detected by CCK-8 assay;the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA;the levels of SOD,MDA and NO in Neu cells were detected by chemical method;the apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry;the protein expression levels of PPARδ,Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,and BDNF/TrkB pathway-related proteins BDNF,p-TrkB,and TrkB in Neu cells were detected by Western blot.Re-sults Compared with the control group,the TEER val-ue decreased and leakage value increased in HG group;the proliferation activity of Neu cells decreased,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β in supernatant and MDA and NO in Neu cells increased,and the SOD lev-el decreased;Neu cell apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 increased,while the expression levels of PPARδ,Bcl-2,BDNF and p-TRKB/TrkB decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,after treatment with different concentra-tions of GW501516,TEER value increased,leakage value decreased,proliferation activity of Neu cells in-creased,levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β in supernatant and MDA and NO in Neu cells decreased,and SOD level increased,and apoptosis rate of Neu cells and ex-pression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were de-creased,and expression levels of PPARδ,Bcl-2,BDNF and p-TRKB/TrkB increased(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.However,ANA12 intervention re-versed the effect of GW501516 on NVU damage under high glucose conditions.Conclusion PPARδ agonist GW501516 improves in vitro NVU injury induced by high glucose by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling path-way.

Objective To introduce the robotic-assisted left hemicolectomy and Soave procedure and its clinical outcome for Hirschsprung's allied disease.Methods From June 2015 to November 2022,19 cases diagnosed with Hirschsprung's allied disease underwent left colectomy and Soave pull-through by using the da Vinci surgical system,and the clinical data of 19 children were summarized and analyzed.A four trocar technique was used.The left colon was firstly mobilized by laparoscopy from splenic flexure of colon to the level of peritoneal reflection,then the rectum was mobilized by Robotic system to the level of dentate line.A circumferential incision was made in the mucosa at 0.5 cm proximal to the dentate line.The upward submucosal dissection was carried out for approximately 1-2 cm.The left colon was pulled through the anal canal and resected.The coloanal anastomosis was fashioned manually 0.5 cm above the dentate line.21 cases underwent conventional laparoscopic-assisted Soave surgery were used as control group.Results All patients were successfully operated.Compared with conventional laparoscopic-assisted Soave surgery,the operation time was significantly prolonged(P＜0.01),the intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and the overall postoperative complication rate was significantly reduced(11％VS.43％,P＜0.05).There were no serious complications such as major bleeding and death.Conclusion Robotic-assisted left hemicolectomy and Soave procedure are safe and feasible in the treatment of Hirschsprung's allied disease,with few postoperative complications and satisfactory clinical outcome.