Objective In this study, the resistance of Blattella germanica to D-cyphenothrin in Guangdong Province was analyzed. Further, the contact activity of eight types of plant essential oils against B. germanica and their synergistic effects with D-cyphenothrin were tested and screened, providing a basis for slowing down insecticide resistance in pests and developing plant synergists. Methods The drip test method was used to measure the resistance levels of B. germanica to D-cyphenothrin in four cities of Guangdong Province:Zhongshan City, Foshan City, Zhuhai City, and Jiangmen City. In addition, the contact killing activities of eight types of plant essential oils against B. germanica, namely, garlic, cinnamon, clove, camphor, eucalyptus leaves, tea tree, Angelica dahurica and peppermint, and their synergistic activities with D-cyphenothrin were evaluated. Results Except for B. germanica in the Xiaolan area of Zhongshan, which was moderately resistant, B. germanica in the other four towns in Guangdong were all highly resistant. Among the eight essential oils tested, garlic essential oil had the strongest toxic activity against B. germanica, with LD50 values of 45.01 μg/individual. A concentration of 2% essential oil plus D-cyphenothrin (LD20)was used to screen for synergistic activity. After 24 h of treatment, Angelica dahurica, garlic, peppermint, camphor, and tea tree essential oils showed synergistic activity. Of these, A. dahurica essential oil had the strongest synergistic activity, with a synergistic coefficient of 125%. Conclusions The essential oil of garlic had the strongest toxic activity against B. germanica, and the essential oils of A. dahurica and garlic together had the strongest synergistic activity with D-cyphenothrin, thereby providing a reference for developing natural plant synergists.

Objective To explore the association between aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)ratio and metabolic syndrome(MS)in elderly hypertensive patients,and to provide reference for early detection and prevention of MS in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among 616 elderly hypertensive patients at community health service centers.Participants were divided into two groups based on MS status:MS group(n=334)and non-MS group(n=282).According to AST/ALT levels,participants were divided into four groups:q1 group(AST/ALT ≤0.88,n=156),q2 group(0.88＜AST/ALT ≤ 1.10,n=155),q3 group(1.10＜AST/ALT ≤ 1.37,n=154),and q4 group(AST/ALT＞1.37,n=151).Blood biochemical parameters including triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),AST,ALT,and blood glucose were measured.The impact of AST/ALT levels on MS was analyzed using a Logistic regression model,while the risk prediction for MS occurrence was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results MS group showed higher body mass index(BMI),TG,ALT levels,abnormal glucose levels,female proportion,and abdominal obesity rate compared to non-MS group.HDL-C and AST/ALT values of MS group were lower than those in non-MS patients(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for BMI,smoking,alcohol consumption,physical activity,education level,marital status,TG,HDL-C,and glucose levels,both q3 and q4 groups demonstrated reduced MS risk compared to group q1 group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for AST/ALT in MS was 0.638(P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of AST/ALT was negatively correlated with MS in elderly hypertensive patients,and AST/ALT has certain predictive value for the risk of MS in elderly hypertensive patients.

Aim To study the mechanism of salidro-side combined with rosavin in rats with ischemic stroke.Methods The MCAO rats was established by using thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,and positive control group;the drug was given continuously for seven days.Western blot was used to detect apoptosis indicators.Proteomics was used to analyse differential proteins(DEPs).STEP receptor inhibitor was injected into the lateral ventricles,the rats were administered for seven days,then the apoptosis indicators were detected.Re-sults Salidroside combined with rosavin could reduce neurological function scores in MCAO rats and inhibit cell apoptosis.Quantitative proteomics identified 496 DEPs in brain tissue and discovered core proteins STEP,p38,and CRTC1.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote the STEP and CRTC1 while in-hibiting p38 protein.After treatment with STEP inhibi-tor,those effects were reversed.Conclusion Salidro-side combined with rosavin can inhibit cell apoptosis in MCAO rats,which is closely related to the regulation of the STEP/p38/CRTC1 signaling pathway.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

Aim To study the mechanism of salidro-side combined with rosavin in rats with ischemic stroke.Methods The MCAO rats was established by using thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,and positive control group;the drug was given continuously for seven days.Western blot was used to detect apoptosis indicators.Proteomics was used to analyse differential proteins(DEPs).STEP receptor inhibitor was injected into the lateral ventricles,the rats were administered for seven days,then the apoptosis indicators were detected.Re-sults Salidroside combined with rosavin could reduce neurological function scores in MCAO rats and inhibit cell apoptosis.Quantitative proteomics identified 496 DEPs in brain tissue and discovered core proteins STEP,p38,and CRTC1.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote the STEP and CRTC1 while in-hibiting p38 protein.After treatment with STEP inhibi-tor,those effects were reversed.Conclusion Salidro-side combined with rosavin can inhibit cell apoptosis in MCAO rats,which is closely related to the regulation of the STEP/p38/CRTC1 signaling pathway.

With the continuous development of perinatal medicine and neonatology,although the survival rate of infants with low gestational age and low birth weight has improved,the incidence of neurodevelopmental morbidities remains high.Breast milk is the preferred source of enteral nutrition for preterm infants,playing an important role in growth,development,immunity,metabolism,and other functions.Of particular note is its effect on the nervous system,not only promoting brain development and maturation in preterm infants,but also effectively reducing the incidence and severity of brain injury,thereby improving long-term neurological outcomes.This review aims to explore the effects of breast milk on brain injury and repair,brain structural maturation,and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants,in order to further enhance the understanding of the importance of breast milk for the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the role of prolonged progestin treatment on atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients who did not achieve complete regression (CR) after at least 3 months of progestin treatment. Possible prognostic factors predicting disease regression and recurrence were also assessed. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who had histologically confirmed persistent disease after at least 3 months of progestin treatment at two tertiary centers in Korea and Taiwan. Clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between covariates and the probability of CR and relapse. Results: Fifty-two patients were included. Thirty-seven of 52 patients (71.2%) achieved CR after prolonged progestin treatment. Median time from starting progestin treatment to CR was 12.0 months. Daily administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate ≥200 mg or megestrol acetate ≥80 mg was associated with higher probability of regression. Nineteen of 37 patients (51.4%) experienced recurrence, with median time from CR to relapse of 15.0 months. Body mass index ≥27 was associated with higher relapse probability. Twelve of 16 patients with disease progression to endometrial carcinoma underwent surgery. The 12 cases had stage I tumors and lived without disease. Conclusion Extension of progestin treatment course is feasible for AEH patients without an initial response to progestin. Higher daily progestin dosage was associated with higher probability of CR, and obesity was associated with higher risk of relapse. The patients without an initial response to progestins and whose AEH progressed to endometrial carcinoma had good prognoses.

Objective: Gynecologic oncology is undergoing rapid development with continuous advances in treatment strategies, surgical techniques, and clinical research. Training programs must keep pace by providing future specialists with the necessary surgical skills and a solid understanding of evolving practices. This study aimed to examine the current state of gynecologic oncology training in Asia and to identify key challenges and opportunities for improvement. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted in October 2023 under the leadership of the Education Committee of the Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (ASGO). Key stakeholders involved in clinical training and policy-making from eight countries and regions (China, Hong Kong SAR, India, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) responded to an online questionnaire assessing the structure and quality of their national training programs. Results: Six of the eight countries/regions have official gynecologic oncology societies.Training duration was three years or more in five regions and two years in the remaining three. Seven reported conducting formal assessments of surgical skills. While five programs offered adequate exposure to minimally invasive surgery, three noted limitations. Satisfaction with research opportunities and overall training quality also varied. The most frequently cited concern was the lack of standardized curricula. Conclusion This regional overview reveals notable differences in training approaches across Asia. Standardizing educational frameworks and expanding collaborative initiatives – such as virtual tumor boards, elective rotations, and skills-based workshops – may help address current gaps and strengthen gynecologic oncology training in the region.

Objective:To establish venetoclax-resistant acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cell lines,assess the sensitivity of venetoclax-resistant cell lines to the BCL-2 protein family,and investigate their resistance mechanisms.Methods:CCK-8 method was used to screen AML cell lines(MV4-11,MOLM13,OCI-AML2)that were relatively sensitive to venetoclax.Low concentrations of venetoclax continuously induced drug-resistance development in the cell lines.Changes in cell viability and apoptosis rate before and after resistance development were measured using the CCK-8 method and flow cytometry.BH3 profiling assay was performed to anayze the transform of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway as well as the sensitivity of resistant cell lines to BCL-2 family proteins and small molecule inhibitors.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was utilized to examine changes in the expression levels of BCL-2 protein family members in both venetoclax-resistant cell lines and multidrug-resistant patients.Results:Venetoclax-resistant cell lines of MV4-11,MOLM13,and OCI-AML2 were successfully established,with IC50 values exceeding 10-fold.Under the same concentration of venetoclax,the apoptosis rate of resistant cells decreased significantly(P＜0.05).BH3 profiling assay revealed that the drug-resistant cell lines showed increased sensitivity to many pro-apoptotic proteins(such as BIM,BID and NOXA).RT-qPCR showed significantly upregulated MCL1 and downregulated NOXA1 were detected in drug-resistant cell lines.Expression changes in MCL1 and NOXA1 in venetoclax-resistant patients were consistent with our established drug-resistant cell line results.Conclusion:The venetoclax-resistant AML cell lines were successfully established through continuous induction with low concentrations of venetoclax.The venetoclax resistance resulted in alterations in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of the cells and an increased sensitivity of cells to pro-apoptotic proteins BIM,BID,and NOXA,which may be associated with the upregulation of MCL1 expression and downregulation of NOXA1 expression in the drug-resistant cells.

Objective To explore the impact of the TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network on the expression of proliferation and differentiation-related genes in keratinocytes,to verify the role of this network in the occurrence and development of psoriasis and its potential mechanisms.Methods Employed RNA interference technology to knock down TINCR gene expression,and the proliferation ability of keratinocytes was assessed using the CCK-8 method.Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of KLF4 protein in psoriasis tissues.Results After TINCR gene siRNA interference,the proliferation ability of keratinocytes significantly decreased at 24,48,and 72 hours(P<0.001),indicating that the TINCR gene plays a critical role in cell proliferation.The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the RNA and protein expression levels of TINCR,MAFB,and KLF4 genes were significantly reduced(P<0.001),suggesting that TINCR may influence the differentiation of keratinocytes by regulating the expression of MAFB transcription factor and KLF4 differentiation-related genes.Furthermore,immunohistochemical results indicated that the expression of KLF4 protein was significantly elevated in psoriasis tissues compared to normal skin tissues,suggesting that KLF4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Conclusions The TINCR-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network may participate in the occurrence and development of psoriasis by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.This finding provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and potential targets for future therapeutic strategies.