BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

Recent advances in large models demonstrate significant prospects for transforming the field of medical imaging. These models, including large language models, large visual models, and multimodal large models, offer unprecedented capabilities in processing and interpreting complex medical data across various imaging modalities. By leveraging self-supervised pretraining on vast unlabeled datasets, cross-modal representation learning, and domain-specific medical knowledge adaptation through fine-tuning, large models can achieve higher diagnostic accuracy and more efficient workflows for key clinical tasks. This review summarizes the concepts, methods, and progress of large models in medical imaging, highlighting their potential in precision medicine. The article first outlines the integration of multimodal data under large model technologies, approaches for training large models with medical datasets, and the need for robust evaluation metrics. It then explores how large models can revolutionize applications in critical tasks such as image segmentation, disease diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and real-time interactive systems, thus pushing the boundaries of traditional imaging analysis. Despite their potential, the practical implementation of large models in medical imaging faces notable challenges, including the scarcity of high-quality medical data, the need for optimized perception of imaging phenotypes, safety considerations, and seamless integration with existing clinical workflows and equipment. As research progresses, the development of more efficient, interpretable, and generalizable models will be critical to ensuring their reliable deployment across diverse clinical environments. This review aims to provide insights into the current state of the field and provide directions for future research to facilitate the broader adoption of large models in clinical practice.
Humans ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods* ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of weak D phenotype in a Chinese family. METHODS: Routine Rh typing tests were performed first, and RHD exons 1-10 of the proband and his family members were sequenced by first-generation sequencing. RHD zygosity was also determined. Third-generation sequencing was used to analyze the haplotypes of the RHD gene. RESULTS: The proband showed a weak D serological phenotype. First-generation sequencing revealed a c.787G>A point mutation in exon 5. The family pedigree investigation showed that the proband and his younger sister had the same serological phenotype and molecular mechanism. His father carried this gene mutation, while his mother and younger brother were normal. Hybrid box was not detected, suggesting that all the family members did not have a haplotype with a complete deletion of the RHD gene. The results of third-generation sequencing showed that the proband and his sister inherited the weak D allele from their father and the non-functional allele RHD -CE(3-9)-D from their mother, respectively. CONCLUSION Third-generation sequencing technology enables haplotype analysis of the RHD gene and can detect complex genotypes such as genetic exchanges between RHD and RHCE combined with other mutations.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Alleles ; Exons ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics* ; East Asian People/genetics*

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of focused ultrasound and ATP-infrared bioeffect for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva(NNEDV),aiming to provide references for the clinical study and selection of individualized treatment plans of NNEDV patients.Methods The clinical data of 278 NNEDV patients attending the gynecology department of some hospital from May 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,who were divided into an observation group receiving focused ultrasound treatment and a control group receiving ATP-infrared bioeffect treatment with the single random grouping mmethod.The observation group enrolled in 143 patients including 84 cases of lichen simplex chronicus(LSC)and 59 cases of vulvar lichen sclerosus(VLS),and the control group had 135 patients including 71 LSC cases and 64 VLS cases.Comparisons were carried out in terms of the therapeutic effect and safety in the two groups,the efficacy for LSC and VLS between and within the two groups,and the clinical symptom scores and the quality of life scores before and after treatment of the two groups.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The two groups had no significant differences in response rate and recurrence rate(P>0.05),while the observation group had the cure rate higher and the complication rate higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,the overall response rates for LSC and VLS were not significantly different(P>0.05);in the control group,the overall response rate for LSC was higher than that for VLS significantly(P<0.05).The cure rate for LSC in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05);the two groups had no significant differences in the cure rate for VLS(P>0.05).The two groups had significant differences in the skin color socre,vitiligo area scoring index and skin elasticity one month,three months and six months after treatment(P<0.05),with the differences being statistically significant in the tissue structure score three months and six months after treatment(P<0.05);there were no significant differences found between the two groups in the pruritus score one month,three months and six months after treatment and in tissue structure score one month after treatment(P>0.05).In the two groups the differences were all statistically significant in the quality of life score three and six months after treatment(P<0.05);the two groups had significant differences in the quality of life score before and after treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Focused ultrasound and ATP-infrared bioeffect are both effective for NNEDV.Focused ultrasound gains advantages in restoring the color and tissue structure of vulvar skin,and the physical therapy is the first choice for NNEDV that has failed drug therapy and risks for recurrence and canceration;ATP-infrared bioeffect with a low complication rate can be used for the patients with mild symptoms,cracked skin inflammation or those unable to tolerate ultrasound.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):59-64]

Aim To compare the observation results of atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and to summarize the main problems and solutions of AFM in observing biological macromolecules,using the observa-tion subjects of protein samples purified by our research group.Methods The protein samples were diluted to 15 nmol·L-1 with PBS,fixed on glass slides,silicon wafers,and mica sheets,dried,and made into solid-phase observation samples.SEM sam-ples were plated with platinum before observation.The surface structures of proteins were observed using AFM and SEM,sample heights were calculated,and differences in results were com-pared.Results Protein samples with positive charges tended to shift to the right during observation due to the repulsion of the AFM probe;mica sheets could effectively eliminate the positive charge of proteins to avoid sample movement;PBS provided a stable environment for protein samples,but the crystallization of PBS salts interfered with probe operation and imaging clarity;SEM samples needed to be plated with platinum before observa-tion and could not achieve the precision of AFM.Conclusions Both AFM and SEM can directly observe protein structures in vitro,with AFM providing higher precision results;when protein sample stability permits,ultrapure water is preferred as the sol-vent carrier,and volatile liquids such as ethanol can also serve as solvent carriers.The application of AFM offers a new approach for pharmacological studies on interactions between biological macromolecules.

Objective The effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation combined with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)treatment on ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in elderly patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.Methods A retrospective analysis was con-ducted on 66 elderly patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction who underwent emergency PCI in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2023.They were divided into a control group(n=32)who underwent PCI+rhBNP,and a study group(n=32)who underwent PCI+rhBNP+intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation.Blood pressure,lactic acid level,mechanical complications,ventricular remodeling,inflammatory factors,myocardial enzymology,ox-LDL level were detected and compared between the two groups.Results Before treatment,Lactic acid,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),left ventricular remodeling index(LVRI),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),homocysteine(Hcy),interleukin-6(IL-6)and myocardial troponin were compared between the two groups.Myocardial troponin T(cTnT),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)levels(P>0.05);At 3 months follow-up after discharge,the levels of lactic acid,LVESD,LVEDD,LVPWT,LVRI,Hcy,IL-6,cTnT,LDH,CK-MB and ox-LDL were decreased,and the levels were lower in the study group,and the levels of diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure and LVEF were increased,and the levels were higher in the study group(P<0.05).The pro-portion of mechanical complications between the two groups before and after treatment were compared(P>0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction after emergency PCI,intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation combined with rhBNP could alleviate ventricular remodeling,myocardial injury,reduce inflamma-tory injury,improve oxidative stress response,and regulate tissue perfusion.