This study utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to rapidly analyze and identify the chemical constituents in five processed products of Strychni Semen(raw, sand-roasted, fried, urine-soaked, and vinegar-processed products). Using PeakView software to extract compound information, 50 chemical components were identified based on retention time, accurate molecular ion peaks, secondary mass spectrometry data, and comparison with reference standards and relevant literature. Specifically, 41 components were identified in raw Strychni Semen, 48 in sand-roasted, 43 in fried, 41 in urine-soaked, and 40 in vinegar-processed products. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed to identify differential components among the processed products, with variable importance in projection(VIP) values>1 and a t-test with P<0.05 as criteria. PCA revealed significant differences among the five processed products, demonstrating good clustering and separation. OPLS-DA identified 13 differential components, including brucine, strychnine, loganic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The results indicated that S. nux-vomica primarily contained alkaloids, organic acids, and glycosides, with significant compositional differences among the various processed products. Notably, the content of key components such as brucine and strychnine decreased after processing, with the most significant reduction observed in vinegar-processed Strychni Semen. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive comparison of the effects of different processing methods on the chemical composition of Strychni Semen, exploring the differences in the material basis of the processed products and offering data to support the scientific rationale behind the processing of Strychni Semen.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Strychnos/chemistry* ; Principal Component Analysis

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of chlorobenzene compound(CBs) in workplace air using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) technique. METHODS: The GDH-3 air sampling tube was developed independently, and were used to collect the 12 kinds of CBs in the vapor state and aerosol state in the air. After elution with toluene solvent, portable GC-MS method was used for detection. Fast chromatographic column was used for separation, and then qualitatively analyzed with retention time and characteristics of the ions, and quantitative analyzed by standard curves. RESULTS: The quantitative determination ranges of the 12 kinds of CBs were 0.20-200.00 mg/L. All the correlative coefficients were greater than 0.998 3. All the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.01 mg/m~3, and all the minimum quantitative mass concentration was 0.04 mg/m~(3 )(15 L sample). The average elution efficiency was 88.97%-116.86%. The within-run and the between-run relative standard deviation was 10.15%-13.48% and 12.87%-19.66%, respectively. All the sampling efficiencies were>90.00%. CONCLUSION: The portable GC-MS technique could be used for rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of 12 kinds of CBs in workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare and develop a GDH-2 air sampling tube for detecting 12 kinds of chlorobenzenes(CBs) in workplace air and to establish a matching detecting method. METHODS: The self-developed GDH-2 air sampling tube was filled with ion exchange resin and activated carbon, and the mass ratio was 10 ∶1. The GDH-2 air sampling tube was used to collect 12 kinds of CBs with coexistence of gaseous and aerosol in the air. After elution with toluene, they were separated on a chromatographic column and determined by microcell electron capture detector. RESULTS: The quantitative detecting range of the method was 0.51×10~(-3)-6 000.00 mg/L, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 4. The minimum detection concentration was 0.02-61.99 μg/m~3, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.05-206.62 μg/m~3. The average desorption efficiency was 90.8%-104.0%. The within-run relative standard deviation(RSD) was 1.0%-5.7%, and the between-run RSD was 3.0%-7.3%. The samples can be stored at room temperature for at least 26 days. CONCLUSION: The self-developed GDH-2 air sampling tube and its matching measuring method can be used for the collection and determination of the 12 kinds of CBs in the air of workplace.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for detecting volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in air by a portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). METHODS: A portable GC-MS hand-held probe was used for sampling and detection. All effluent components were qualitatively analyzed by the standard spectral library of the United State National Institute of Standards and Technology. The percentage of peak area of the component was calculated by normalization method. The static distribution method was adopted in the semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis using nitrogen as the diluting gas to prepare different mass concentration of 13 kinds of VOCs in the mixed standard gas. The retention time and characteristic ions were used for qualitative analysis, and the quantitated full scanning mode was used for quantitative analysis.RESULTS: The minimum detected mass concentration of the 13 chemical harmful factors was 0.02-0.10 mg/m~3, and the minimum quantitative mass concentration was 0.07-0.38 mg/m~3. The recovery rate was 84.76%-116.56%, and the within-and between-run relative standard deviations were 4.10%-12.50% and 8.17%-14.36%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The portable GC-MS instrument could be used for qualitative alalysis, peak area percentage determination, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs in the workplace air or sudden chemical poisoning accidents.

AIM:To be one of the primary cause injury to multiple sites of ocular of glaucoma which affects over 70 million people worldwide. We applied data mining techniques, linear and the matrix operations, efficiently calculated the network and estimated the possible function of the“node” genes of the retina and optic of glaucoma, in order to provide new thought and method on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
METHODS: The data in this study is from Gene Expression Omnibus ( GEO ) which belong to Nation Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) , the quality of the raw data CEL files was processed and analyzed by the Expression software which belong to Affymetrix Inc. , Santa Clare, CA, USA. Significant analysis method ( SAM) which base on the T test was used to identified the significant genes. Based on GRNInfer and Gvedit soft we set up gene networks of optic and retina of mice and further more enriched analysis which based on DAVID and MAS3. 0 online software were processed.
RESULTS:The analysis between the group of the optic nerve heads and retinas in different stage of glaucoma showed that the amount of significant different expressed genes in the optic never head group increased significantly comparing with the group of retina in the early stage of glaucoma, the analysis of the genes network construction show that:the node genes of optic nerve heads included Unc13c、Kif5a、TRPM1、PANX; and the node genes of retina include POU4F1, NEFL, BC03870, CALB2. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis which based on MAS3. 0 online platform show that there was mainly the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tyrosine metabolism, melanogenesis, Nitrogen metabolism, Gap junction, Leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in optic nerve head; and there was mainly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, prostate cancer, leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in retina.
CONCLUSION:By understanding bioinformatics result, it seems optic were more sensitive than the retina to high intraocular pressure, and weather high expression of TYrp1 gene can be as a sensitive diagnostic item require more evidence back up. Functional enrich analysis of node gene showed that cytoskeleton reconstructed, molecular motor and nutrients transport function improve in optic; and in retina, the most prominent finding in retina was enrichment function modules were focus on regeneration, repairing and differentiation of cells, which remind that we should reinforce research on reparation of retina of primary glaucoma. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis show that inflammatory response plays prominent place in optic and retina of primary glaucoma, because of the optic narrow and crowed anatomic shape, nutrient metabolism and substances transfer enrichment modules play an important role in optics of primary glaucoma.