Objective: To explore the treatment plan for severe papillary defects in the aesthetic zone caused by severe periodontitis, providing a reference for clinical practice. Methods : A patient with severe periodontitis leading to severe papillary defects in the upper anterior teeth from 12 to 23 was treated using interdental tunnel technique combined with personalized connective tissue grafting for periodontal plastic surgery, and stable soft tissue augmentation was achieved. Resin restoration was conducted to modify the crown shape of the aesthetic zone teeth, reconstruct white aesthetics, guide the shaping of the gingival papillae, reduce “black triangles,” and enhance the patient’s confidence in smiling. Results : The patient’s periodontal condition and the regeneration of soft tissues in the aesthetic zone were good, and the smile aesthetics were restored. After a 3-year follow-up, the gingival morphology, color, and texture were good, and the effect was stable. The literature review indicates that for papillary defects in the aesthetic zone, analysis should be conducted based on the following aspects: whether a defect is present in periodontal hard and soft tissues, crown shape, and the distance from the most apical part of the crown contact area to the top of the alveolar crest. Based on the analysis of aesthetic defects and surgical indications, a personalized treatment plan should be designed. Conclusion For patients with obvious papillary defects in the aesthetic zone due to the reduction of periodontal support tissues caused by severe periodontitis, factors such as periodontal hard and soft tissue defects, crown shape, and the distance from the most apical part of the crown contact area to the top of the alveolar crest should be fully considered, and a personalized treatment plan should be formulated after multidisciplinary joint consultation.

Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as a cutting-edge technology in anti-tumor treatment, making significant strides in recent years. ADC couple a highly active small molecule toxin payload to highly specific antibodies through a linker, enabling precise targeting of tumor cells while reducing systemic toxicity, thereby expanding the therapeutic window. However, due to the complexity of ADC molecule design, its efficacy and safety are influenced by various factors. Model-informed drug development (MIDD) is a powerful tool that utilizes various mathematical models for modeling and simulation to conduct quantitative analysis, guiding drug development and decision-making. By integrating multi-faceted data and information using mathematical models, it is possible to gain insights into the complex mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ADC, providing unique perspectives for optimizing ADC development processes and clinical translation decisions. This review will introduce the basic concepts of MIDD and ADC and discuss application cases of MIDD in different stages of ADC development, aiming to provide beneficial references for the advancement of ADC.

Objective: To explore the possibility of performing allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment for patients who were not suitable for autologous PRP collection through case reports of two patients with refractory wounds treated with allogeneic PRP. Methods: The ABO-compatible allogeneic whole blood was centrifuged 3 times to obtain allogeneic PRP within 6 hours of blood collection. Then the qualified allogeneic PRP was applied to 2 cases of refractory wound on the same day. Results: The platelet concentration in allogeneic PRP was higher than 1 000×10 /L, and the test results of infectious diseases, as well as the mixing of red blood cells and white blood cells, met the standard of quality control. Both patients achieved satisfactory wound healing outcomes (3 d). Conclusions: For patients who were not suitable for autologous PRP treatment, allogeneic PRP might be a new option.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the analgesic effect and potential mechanism of punicalagin on neuropathic pain （NP） rats based on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （18 rats） and modeling group （72 rats）. NP rat model was established by chronic constriction injury （CCI） of sciatic nerve. The successfully modeled rats were divided into NP group， 2-methoxyestradiol group （HIF-1α antagonist 10 mg/kg）， punicalagin group （300 mg/kg）， and punicalagin+dimethyloxaloglycine group （punicalagin 300 mg/kg+HIF-1α agonist 175 mg/kg）， with 18 rats in each group. Rats in each group were injected intraperitoneally and/or intragastrically with the corresponding solution or 1% dimethyl sulfoxide/normal saline， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. After the last administration， the mechanical withdrawal threshold （MWT）， thermal withdrawal latency （TWL）， the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-6 in spinal cord tissue were detected； the morphological changes in the spinal dorsal horn were observed. Apoptosis rate of spinal dorsal horn neurons， the co-localization of NLRP3/ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1） （calculated by the number of NLRP3+/Iba-1+ cells） and the protein expressions of HIF-1α， NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC） and caspase-1 in spinal cord tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group， neurofibril in spinal dorsal horn of rats in NP group was thickened and wound into knots， and vacuolar degeneration containing silver granules was observed； the MWT and TWL were reduced or shortened； the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in spinal cord tissue， the apoptosis rate of spinal dorsal horn neurons， the number of NLRP3+/Iba-1+ cells， and protein expressions of HIF-1α， NLRP3， ASC and caspase-1 were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with the NP group， the above indexes were significantly improved in the 2-methoxyestradiol group and punicalagin group （P＜0.05）， while dimethyloxaloglycine could significantly reverse the improvement effect of punicalagin on the above indexes （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Punicalagin can relieve pain in NP rats， and its analgesic effect may be achieved by inhibiting HIF-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway and blocking the activation of ma0o4e@163.com NLRP3 inflammasome in spinal dorsal horn microglia.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province during the stage moving from transmission interruption to elimination (2015—2023), so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control measures during the post-elimination stage. Methods Schistosomiasis control data were retrospectively collected from departments of health, agriculture and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, water resources, and natural resources in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, and a database was created to document examinations and treatments of human and livestock schistosomiasis, and snail survey and control, conversion of paddy fields to dry fields, ditch hardening, rivers and lakes management and building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. The completion of schistosomiasis control measures was investigated, and the effectiveness was evaluated. Results A total of 20 545 155 person-times received human schistosomiasis examinations in Sichuan Province during the period from 2015 to 2023, and 232 157 person-times were seropositive, with a reduction in the seroprevalence from 2.10% (44 299/2 107 003) in 2015 to 1.12% (9 361/837 896) in 2023 (χ² = 7.68, P < 0.001). The seroprevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Sichuan Province over years from 2015 to 2023 (b = −8.375, t = −10.052, P < 0.001); however, no egg positive individuals were identified during the period from 2018 to 2023, with the prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections maintained at 0. Expanded chemotherapy was administered to 2 754 515 person-times, and medical assistance of advanced schistosomiasis was given to 6 436 persontimes, with the treatment coverage increasing from 46.80% (827/1 767) in 2015 to 64.87% (868/1 338) in 2023. Parasitological tests for livestock schistosomiasis were performed in 35 113 herd-times, and expanded chemotherapy was administered to 513 043 herd-times, while the number of fenced livestock decreased from 121 631 in 2015 to 103 489 in 2023, with a reduction of 14.92%. Snail survey covered 433 621.80 hm² in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, with 204 602.81 hm² treated by chemical control and 4 637.74 hm² by environmental modifications. The area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 5 029.80 hm² in 2016 to 3 709.72 hm² in 2023, and the actual area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 8 585.48 hm² in 2016 to 473.09 hm² in 2023. The mean density of living snails remained low across the study period except in 2017 (0.62 snails/0.1 m²). Schistosomiasis control efforts by departments of agriculture and rural affairs in Sichuan Province included conversion of paddy fields to dry fields covering 153 346.93 hm², hardening of 6 110.31 km ditches, building of 70 356 biogas digesters, replacement of cattle with 227 161 sets of machines, and captive breeding of 21 161 070 livestock from 2015 to 2023, and the control efforts by departments of water resources included rivers and lakes management measuring 5 676.92 km and renovation of 2 331 irrigation areas, while the control efforts by departments of forestry and grassland included building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention covering 23 913.33 hm², renovation of snail control forests covering 8 720 hm² and newly building of shelterbelts covering 764 686.67 hm². All 63 endemic counties (cities and districts) had achieved the criterion for schistosomiasis elimination criteria in Sichuan Province by the end of 2023. Conclusion Following the integrated control efforts from 2015 to 2023, remarkable achievements have been obtained in the schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province, with all endemic counties successfully attaining the schistosomiasis elimination target at the county level.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Intelligent acupuncture-moxibustion medical equipment is an important force in promoting the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of acupuncture-moxibustion. This paper reviews the development status of intelligent acupuncture-moxibustion medical equipment and related new technologies, as well as the challenges faced. It is found that, with the advancement of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, acupuncture-moxibustion medical equipment has shown characteristics of greater precision, miniaturization, intelligence, and portability. However, deficiencies remain in areas such as standardization and regulation, including relatively low rates of effective transformation and a lack of innovation in research outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate corresponding strategies: improving the development of relevant standards for intelligent acupuncture-moxibustion medical equipment, encouraging the integration of medicine and engineering, cultivating interdisciplinary talents, and strengthening the protection of invention patents. It is necessary to establish a demand-oriented pathway connecting "equipment development, equipment evaluation, product formation" through multiple stages such as talent training and research project initiation, thereby promoting the modernization and standardization of intelligent acupuncture-moxibustion medical equipment and supporting the revitalization of traditional medicine.
Moxibustion/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/trends* ; Artificial Intelligence

BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People