Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*

AIM To investigate the mechanism of triterpenoids quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide from Psammosilene tunicoides on tunicamycin-induced rheumatoid arthritis fibroblasts-like synoviocytes(RA-FLS)via the endoplasmic reticulum pathway.METHODS The research objects of tunicamycin-induced RA-FLS intervened with quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide had their cell proliferation activity detected;their level of tumor nerosis factor-α(TNF-α)detected by ELISA;their apoptosis detected by flow cytometry;their cell migration ability detected by Transwell experiment;their expressions of transcription activator 6(ATF-6),glucose regulatory protein 78(GRP78),C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),cysteine protease protein-12(caspase-12)and anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein detected by Western blot;and their mRNA expressions of ATF-6,GRP78 and CHOP detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,each group intervened with quillaic acid or gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide displayed decreased levels of TNF-α(P＜0.01);weakened cell proliferation and migration ability(P＜0.01);increased apoptosis rate(P＜0.01);decreased protein expressions of ATF-6 and Bcl-2(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased protein expressions of CHOP and caspase-12(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In addition,decreased GRP78 protein expression in the low and medium dose groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased mRNA expression of ATF-6,GRP78(P＜0.01)and increased CHOP mRNA expression(P＜0.01)in the medium dose groups of quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide were observed as well.CONCLUSION Quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide may play a protective role in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of RA-FLS,inducing apoptosis and reducing the secretion of related inflammatory factors via endoplasmic reticulum signal pathway.

With prominent medicinal value, Gelsemium elegans has been overexploited, resulting in the reduction of the wild resource. As a result, artificial cultivation turns out to be a solution. However, this medicinal species is intolerant to low temperature, and thus genes responding to the low temperature are important for the cultivation of this species. Based on the transcriptome database of G. elegans at 4 ℃, 29 differentially expressed GeERF genes were identified. Bioinformatics analysis of 21 GeERF gene sequences with intact open reading frames showed that 12 and 9 of the GeERF proteins respectively clustered in DREB subgroup and ERF subgroup. GeDREB1 A-1-GeERF6 B-1, with molecular weight of 23.78-50.96 kDa and length of 212-459 aa, were all predicted to be hydrophilic and in nucleus. Furthermore, the full-length cDNA sequence of GeERF2B-1 was cloned from the leaves of G. elegans. Subcellular localization suggested that GeERF2B-1 was located in the nucleus. According to the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR(qRT-PCR), GeERF2B-1 showed constitutive expression in roots, stems, and leaves of G. elegans, and the expression was the highest in roots. In terms of the response to 4 ℃ treatment, the expression of GeERF2B-1 was significantly higher than that in the control and peaked at 12 h, suggesting a positive response to low temperature. This study lays a scientific basis for the functional study of GeERF transcription factors and provides gene resources for the improvement of stress resistance of G. elegans.
DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on blood glucose and insulin levels in chronic intermittent hypoxic(CIH)rats and the underlying mechanisms, and to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of diabetes caused by CIH.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, CIH control group and CIH exercise group.After adaptive feeding, a rat model of CIH was established.The CIH exercise group received non-weight bearing exercise training through swimming.After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), fasting blood glucose(FPG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were measured.Results:Compared with the blank control group and CIH control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG, T-AOC, FINS and FPG were significantly different in the CIH exercise group( F=4.60, 5.03, 4.87, 4.52 and 6.42, P=0.021, 0.015, 0.017, 0.022 and 0.006). Compared with the blank control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG and FINS increased and levels of T-AOC declined in the CIH control and exercise groups(all P<0.05). Compared with the CIH control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG and FINS decreased and T-AOC levels increased in the CIH exercise group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:CIH increases blood glucose and insulin levels by activating the oxidative stress response.Aerobic exercise can reduce the impact of oxidative stress on blood glucose and insulin levels.

As occupational health work enters a new era, the diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases, that are closely related to the protection of workers′ health rights, require higher and newer standards. In 2021, the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China revised and issued the Administrative Measures for the Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Diseases to improve and perfect the original diagnosis and verification system of occupational diseases. These measures clarify the time limit for diagnosis of occupational diseases and shorten the time limit for identification of occupational diseases; and strengthen the main responsibility of the employer. This new system design is more operable. It embodies the management idea of Streamline administration, delegate power, combine decentralization, and optimize services. The language expression is more accurate and standardized. The revision of the Administrative Measures for Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Disease is conducive to improving the efficiency of occupational disease diagnosis and protecting the rights and interests of workers. It is conducive to strengthening the supervision and management of occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices by administrative supervision and management departments. It is conducive to strengthening the responsibilities of employers. However, there are some problems: Article No. 28 sets up obstacles to the realization of legal value, which does not clearly stipulate the concept of new evidence. The effective time of this regulation has caused difficulties for occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices. It is recommended that this regulation can be further improved in the future revisions.

It is crucial to establish a complete set of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) quality traceability management process system, in order to stabilize the pricing order of TCM market and reconstruct the transmission path of TCM quality signals. In this study, we reviewed the mature experience of food and drug supervision at home and abroad, analyzed the quality characteristics of TCM, and put forward that the quality control of TCM products can learn from the hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) system in food safety quality control. This study points out that the HACCP system provides not only technical guidance for the traceability management of TCM, but also ideas for improving the quality of TCM products and the safety risk control of TCM. The application of the HACCP system in TCM quality control can help establish an international dialogue platform for TCM and help realize the modernization and internationalization of TCM industry.
Biological Products ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control

Dao-di herbs have been synonymous with quality medicinal herbs in our mind hearts since ancient times and are the essence of Chinese medicine culture. The development of genuine regional herbs faces problems such as insufficient supply of local resources and lack of competitive advantages. It is necessary to seek a suitable model to protect and develop authentic medicinal materials. The protection mode of geographical indication products has become more mature. Geographical indication(GI) products and authentic medicinal materials are all related to the origin. There is certain commonality between them. However, there are also differences between authentic Chinese herbal medicines and geographical indications, and it is unsuitable to simply equate the authentic Chinese medicinal materials with GI products. This article comprehensively combs and compares the development of the authentic Chinese herbal medicines and geographical indication products, and believes that it is necessary to fully learn from the experience of GI products and combine the characteristics of authentic medicinal materials to establish a set of protection systems that meet the characteristics of authentic medicinal materials. Through this research, it has positive significance to promote the protection and management of authentic medicinal materials.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Geography ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Research

Ex-situ conservation is an important means to protect biological genetic resources. Resource protection has received more and more attention with the continuous improvement of the comprehensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. In this paper, the research and compilation of the species list of ex-situ cultivated medicinal plants in 12 Chinese Academy of Sciences botanic gardens and 19 specialized medicinal botanic gardens in China were carried out. Based on the Species 2000(2017) and other classification databases, species diversity of medicinal plants ex-situ cultivated in these botanical gardens were analyzed. The study found that there were 16 351 higher plant species in our country, belonging to 276 families and 1 936 genera. Of these, 6 949 specieswere medicinal plants, accounting for 50.4% of the total medicinal plants. There were 1 280 medicinal plants were in threatened status, accounting for 19.6% of all threatened species in the Chinese Biodiversity Red List, with ex-situ cultivated proportion of 59.5%. And 3 988 medicinal plants were Chinese endemic species, accounting for 22.5% of all Chinese endemic species, with ex-situ cultivated proportion of 53.3%. This article has reference significance for the management and protection of medicinal plant resources.

With the prevalence of natural medicine and natural health products, the problem of resource exhaustion of medicinal plants have become increasingly serious. The protection of medicinal plants in China is increasingly valued, but there are still some shortcomings in the current assessment methods of medicinal plant protection. Based on the summary of evaluation methods of threatened level and priority protection of plants, this paper improved the existing methods according to the characteristics of ex situ conservation data of medicinal plants, and performed comparison study on ten hierarchical selected medicinal plants. The results showed that there was a difference between new method and the original method, and this method could further improve the index sensitivity, ease of data acquisition, and batch evaluation, which can better reflect the priority of species protection. The method can be used for assessing ex situ conservation of medicinal plants and has reference meaning for the economic research and management of Chinese materia medica resources.

Objective: To explore the positive rate of intrinsic factor antibody (IFAb) and level of vitamin B(12) (VitB(12)) in normal physical examination population and the possible relation between IFAb, VitB12 and sex, age, number of RBC, HGB and MCV. Methods: A total of 1 427 people who came to Peking Union Medical Colleague Hospital (PUMCH) for physical examination were enrolled. There were 758 males with average age of (52.5±14.5) years-old and 669 females with average age of (50.3±14.3) year-old. Beckman DxI800 automatic biochemical-immune analyzer and corollary reagents were used to analyze the level of serum IFAb and VitB(12). The results in different sex, age were documented and their correlation with the value of whole blood cell count was tested later on. Results: Among the 1 427 normal subjects, 66 (4.63%) were positive for IFAb. The positive rate for IFAb in the population≥40 years-old was higher than those<40 years-old (5.66% vs 1.48%, χ(2)=7.46, P=0.006). The deficiency rate of VitB(12) in the population<40 years-old, 40-59 years-old and ≥60 years-old was 2.22%, 2.51% and 5.50%, respectively (χ(2)=8.55, P=0.014). There were no difference between people with different sex in the positive rate of IFAb (5.15% for males and 4.04% for females, χ(2)=0.99, P=0.320) or in the deficiency rate of VitB(1)2 (3.83% for males and 2.69% for females, χ(2)=1.44, P=0.230). The results of multiple linear regression showed that HGB level of IFAb positive subjects was 3.05 g/L lower on average than those of IFAb negative, but IFAb had no effect on both RBC and MCV. There was no correlation between VitB(1)2 deficiency and HGB, RBC and MCV. Conclusion: The positive rate of IFAb and deficiency rate of VitB(1)2 increase as age increases. But the presence of VitB(12) deficiency is later than the positive findings of IFAb. IFAb showed some effects on the level of HGB, which may compensate the limitations of VitB(12) detection to some extent. It is necessary to check the IFAb and level of VitB(12) in people with middle or old ages.
Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; Female ; Humans ; Intrinsic Factor ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamins