Objective:To introduce a surgical method involving the indwelling of double-J tubes(DJT)in the seminal vesicles after transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy(TSV)in order to reduce the recurrence of refractory ejaculatory duct obstruction(EDO).Methods:This randomized controlled trial included 67 EDO patients undergoing TSV in our hospitals,27 with(the trial group)and 29 without postoperative indwelling of DJTs in the seminal vesicles(the control group).We collected the general information on the pa-tients and TSV-related parameters,including age,body mass index(BMI),preoperative use of antibiotics,history of urinary tract dis-ease,operation time,hospital stay and intra-and postoperative complications,and performed comparative analyses particularly on the surgical effect,complications,recurrence rate and time to recurrence in the two groups of patients.Results:The patients in the trial and control groups were followed up for(40.5±10.6)and(32.5±14.8)months,respectively.There were no statistically signifi-cant differences in the baseline data,intra-and postoperative complications,and postoperative hospital days between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the controls,the patients in the trial group showed a significantly shorter operation time([62.8±6.1]vs[49.5±7.7]min,P＜0.05)and a lower recurrence rate than the controls(18.5％vs 44.8％,P＜0.05),but with no statisti-cally significant difference in the median time to recurrence(21.0 mo vs 22.0 mo,P＞0.05).Conclusion:The novel technique of indwelling double-J tubes in the seminal vesicles after TSV can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of refractory EDO.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China.Methods:Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed.Results:6 893 patients in CP ( n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph + ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph + ACA, poorer TFS; Ph + ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion:At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

Objective To conduct a detailed clinical phenotypic analysis and gene mutation detection on an au-tosomal dominant Van der Hoeve syndrome family,and to identify the pathogenic gene mutation sites of the family and the impact of the mutation on gene coding.Methods Clinical data including medical history,physical examina-tion and auxiliary examination were collected and peripheral blood samples were collected from the Van der Hoeve syndrome families.Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on 22 family members.The data were analyzed using bioinformatics software.Results The family had a total of 5 generations,with each generation expe-riencing consecutive illnesses.Each generation of men and women could suffer from the disease,which conformed to the characteristics of autosomal dominant inheritance.The 12 patients in this family were all born with blue sclera and short stature.8 patients had a history of fractures and could heal normally.3 patients were considering hearing loss caused by Van der Hoeve syndrome.12 patients had a base deletion(c.1128delT)in exon 17 of the COL1A1 gene,causing a change in the amino acid coding after position 376 and ending the amino acid coding prematurely at position 539.10 asymptomatic individuals in this family didn't had this mutation.Conclusion The patient of this family was identified as Van der Hoeve syndrome caused by c.1128 delT mutation.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective Nowadays, radioactive xenon isotopes, including ^131mXe, ^133mXe, ¹³³Xe, and ¹³⁵Xe, are primarily released into the atmosphere through various reactor operation and major accidents of reactors. To improve the online monitoring capability of xenon in nuclear facilities and their gaseous effluents, a highly sensitive online xenon monitoring system was developed to monitor, warn, and alarm the activity concentration of radioactive xenon. Methods The online monitoring system for radioactive xenon gas in nuclear facilities was established using xenon membrane separation and concentration, xenon high-efficiency selective adsorption, and low-background gamma-ray spectrometry analysis methods. Results Under the operation mode of one-hour sampling and one-hour measuring, the minimum detectable activity concentration of the radioactive xenon online monitoring system for ¹³³Xe was approximately (1.43 ± 0.03) Bq/m³. Conclusion This system can be effectively used for online monitoring of xenon activity concentration in nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and isotope production reactors, as well as in gaseous effluents. It helps improve the safety level of personnel, the environment, and nuclear facilities.

This article reviews the concept, evaluation tools, current situation, influencing factors and promotion strategies of nurses′ remote health care readiness, in an effort to provide reference for nursing managers to construct intervention programs to improve the level of nurses′ remote health care readiness, to promote the successful development of remote healthcare and the sinking of high-quality nursing resources.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nigericin-induced pyroptosis in macrophages and the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1).Methods:Human monocyte-derived macrophages THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), LPS and nigericin group (group LN), hydrogen-rich medium+ LPS and nigericin group (group H+ LN), and lentiviral transfection+ hydrogen-rich medium+ LPS-nigericin group (group LV+ H+ LN). THP-1 cells were cultured in the common culture medium for 24 h in group C. LPS at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml and nigericin 10 μmol/L were added to the culture medium, and the cells were incubated for 24 h in group LN. In group H+ LN, the culture medium was replaced with 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich medium, then LPS at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml and nigericin 10 μmol/L were immediately added, and the cells were incubated for 24 h. In group LV+ H+ LN, THP-1 cells over-expressing NEAT1 stably after being transfected with lentivirus were used, then LPS at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml and nigericin 10 μmol/L were immediately added, and the cells were incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed by colorimetric method. The amount of LDH released was measured by colorimetry. The concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 in culture medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pyroptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was detected by Western blot. The expression of NEAT1 gene was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the amount of LDH released, concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptotic rate were increased, and the expression of NEAT1 gene, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and GSDMD was up-regulated in group LN ( P<0.05). Compared with group LN, the cell viability was significantly increased, the amount of LDH released, concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptotic rate were decreased, and the expression of NEAT1 gene, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and GSDMD was down-regulated in group H+ LN ( P<0.05). Compared with group H+ LN, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the amount of LDH released, concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptotic rate were increased, and the expression of NEAT1 gene, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and GSDMD was up-regulated in group LV+ H+ LN ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Hydrogen can ameliorate LPS and nigericin-induced pyroptosis in macrophages, and the mechanism may be associated with down-regulating the expression of lncRNA NEAT1.

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid indexes with prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) so as to provide reference for the clinical prevention of this disease. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 578 patients admitted to the Department of Urology of Chinese PLA General Hospital during Jan.2014 and Dec.2022 were collected.The patients underwent initial prostate puncture biopsy or prostatectomy and BPH was confirmed pathologically.The patients’ age, time of onset of the disease, BMI, past medical history and biochemical indexes were analyzed.According to the total prostate volume (TPV) grading, the patients were divided into TPV>75 mL and TPV≤75 mL groups.The general data of the two groups were compared, and predictors of TPV were determined with linear regression analysis.The samples were stratified with BMI to observe the differences in the effects of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) on TPV. 【Results】 There were 215 cases in the TPV>75 mL group and 363 cases in the TPV≤75 mL group.The levels of BMI, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were higher in the TPV>75 mL group (P<0.01).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age (β=0.604, P=0.003), BMI (β=2.000, P<0.001), ApoB (β=23.792, P<0.001) and TPV had a significant positive linear correlation; after adjusting for the confounders of age and BMI, ApoB was not linearly correlated with TPV in BPH population with BMI<24 (P>0.05), and ApoB predicted prostate volume growth in overweight and obese BPH population respectively (β=26.411, P=0.011; β=47.602, P=0.017). 【Conclusion】 Age, ApoB and BMI can be used as predictors of volume growth in BPH patients, which can help further research on the pathogenesis and progression of BPH.

Objective To investigate the separation efficiency of three physical separation methods for gaseous ¹⁴C, namely membrane separation, adsorption separation, and low-temperature separation, to screen for the optimal separation method, and to provide a reference for the separation and enrichment of ¹⁴CO₂ in online monitoring of ¹⁴C. Methods The experimental plan was designed, and three devices were constructed for separation and purification experiments. The purity, recovery rate, and separation time of CO₂ separated by the three methods were analyzed. Results All the three methods achieved the separation of CO₂. Under certain conditions, 20 mL of sample gas was obtained. The separation time of membrane separation method was 0.5 hour, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 0.0486%-0.0488%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was only 2.5%−12.7%. The separation time of MOF material adsorption separation method was 24−30 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 20.2%−47.5%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 57.3%−63.2%. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was 3 hours, CO₂ gas with a sample purity of 96.0%−99.8%VOL was obtained, and the recovery rate was 81.5%−92.5%. Conclusion The purity and recovery rate of CO₂ with low-temperature separation method were higher compared to membrane separation method and MOF material adsorption separation method. The separation time of low-temperature separation method was moderate. The low-temperature separation method can provide a reference for the enrichment technology of ¹⁴C in the rapid measurement of gaseous ¹⁴C effluent.