BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that disorders of mineral metabolism may be responsible for premature aging and that the kl/FGF23 axis plays an important role in mineral metabolism.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of long-term endurance exercise on the kl/FGF23 axis in naturally aging mice,and to observe the impact of long-term endurance exercise on calcium and phosphorus metabolism,so as to provide a reference for the influence of long-term endurance exercise on natural aging.METHODS:Twenty-two 5-week-old SPF male balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups:young and quiet control group,natural aging quiet group and natural aging exercise group.Mice in the young and quiet control group were then killed immediately.Mice in the natural aging quiet group were raised normally until 60 weeks of age.Mice in the natural aging exercise group were subjected to adaptive exercise for 1 week,followed by the maximum running speed test.The official exercise speed was set at 70％of the maximum running speed,and exercise was performed on Mondays,Wednesdays,and Fridays for 50 minutes each.Maximum running speed was retested at 8-week intervals to adjust the official exercise speed until the age of 60 weeks.(3)Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the levels of femoral fibroblast growth factor 23,renal fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,1α-hydroxylase,and serum 1,25(OH)2D3.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the young and quiet control group,serum calcium and phosphorus levels in natural aging quiet group had no significant changes(P＞0.05),but bone calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the serum phosphorus level was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),the serum calcium level did not change(P＞0.05),and bone calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in the natural aging exercise group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the young and quiet control group,the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the femur of the natural aging quiet group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the femur of the natural aging exercise group was reduced,but it was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(3)Compared with the young and quiet control group,the renal Klotho protein expression,the renal fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,1α-hydroxylase,and serum 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels in the natural aging quiet group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the levels of the above-mentioned indicators were significantly increased in the natural aging exercise group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).To conclude,long-term endurance exercise can regulate Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor 23 through the kl/FGF23 axis,thereby affecting the expression of 1α-hydroxylase and the level of 1,25(OH)2D3,and further regulating the body's calcium and phosphorus metabolism,especially phosphate metabolism.This indicates that long-term endurance exercise can delay the natural aging of the body through the kl/FGF23 axis.

Objective: To characterize perioperative dynamic changes in immune-cell phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass) cardiac surgery, and to explore their associations with postoperative outcomes. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 120 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under CPB at West China Hospital from May 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Perioperative immune-cell phenotypes and concentrations of 40 inflammation-related cytokines were measured. The primary outcomes were the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at 24 h after surgery and ΔSOFA (the peak SOFA score within 48 h after surgery minus the preoperative SOFA score). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute kidney injury (AKI), respiratory failure, severe liver injury, and infection. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 57±10 years. Of these, 52% (62/120) were male and 90% (108/120) underwent valve surgery. During the rewarming to the end of CPB, neutrophil counts rapidly increased (7.39×10 /L vs preoperative 3.07×10 /L, P<0.001), with significant upregulation of CD11b (7.30×10 /L vs preoperative 3.05×10 /L, P<0.001) and CD54 (7.15×10 /L vs preoperative 2.99×10 /L, P<0.001). Lymphocyte counts increased at the end of CPB (1.75×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001) but decreased significantly at 24 h after surgery (0.59×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001). Plasma analysis showed that multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines increased during CPB and remained elevated up to 24 h after surgery; five chemokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at the end of CPB. The SOFA score increased from 1 (1, 2) preoperatively to 7 (5, 10) at 24 h after surgery, with a ΔSOFA of 6 (4, 8). Within 30 days after surgery, 48 patients (40.0%) developed AKI, 17 (14.2%) developed infection, 4 (3.3%) developed severe liver injury, 3 (2.5%) developed respiratory failure, and 3 (2.5%) experienced MACE. During the 2-year follow-up, 8 patients (6.7%) experienced MACE and 5 (4.2%) died. Conclusion: Multi-organ dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery under CPB (median ΔSOFA, 6), accompanied by perioperative activation of multiple immune-cell subsets and upregulation of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemotactic mediators. This study provides data-driven evidence and research clues for further investigation of the associations between CPB-related immune perturbations and postoperative organ dysfunction and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that disorders of mineral metabolism may be responsible for premature aging and that the kl/FGF23 axis plays an important role in mineral metabolism.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of long-term endurance exercise on the kl/FGF23 axis in naturally aging mice,and to observe the impact of long-term endurance exercise on calcium and phosphorus metabolism,so as to provide a reference for the influence of long-term endurance exercise on natural aging.METHODS:Twenty-two 5-week-old SPF male balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups:young and quiet control group,natural aging quiet group and natural aging exercise group.Mice in the young and quiet control group were then killed immediately.Mice in the natural aging quiet group were raised normally until 60 weeks of age.Mice in the natural aging exercise group were subjected to adaptive exercise for 1 week,followed by the maximum running speed test.The official exercise speed was set at 70％of the maximum running speed,and exercise was performed on Mondays,Wednesdays,and Fridays for 50 minutes each.Maximum running speed was retested at 8-week intervals to adjust the official exercise speed until the age of 60 weeks.(3)Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the levels of femoral fibroblast growth factor 23,renal fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,1α-hydroxylase,and serum 1,25(OH)2D3.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the young and quiet control group,serum calcium and phosphorus levels in natural aging quiet group had no significant changes(P＞0.05),but bone calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the serum phosphorus level was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),the serum calcium level did not change(P＞0.05),and bone calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in the natural aging exercise group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the young and quiet control group,the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the femur of the natural aging quiet group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the femur of the natural aging exercise group was reduced,but it was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(3)Compared with the young and quiet control group,the renal Klotho protein expression,the renal fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,1α-hydroxylase,and serum 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels in the natural aging quiet group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the natural aging quiet group,the levels of the above-mentioned indicators were significantly increased in the natural aging exercise group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).To conclude,long-term endurance exercise can regulate Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor 23 through the kl/FGF23 axis,thereby affecting the expression of 1α-hydroxylase and the level of 1,25(OH)2D3,and further regulating the body's calcium and phosphorus metabolism,especially phosphate metabolism.This indicates that long-term endurance exercise can delay the natural aging of the body through the kl/FGF23 axis.

In the context of burgeoning economic trade, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of ships travelling between domestic and international ports. Inbound and outbound cargo ships, cruise liners, ferries, and other types of vessels have emerged as critical vehicles for the dispersal of vector organisms and the spread of infectious disease agents. Public health concerns associated with these vessels represent a significant threat to human welfare. In this paper, we comprehensively review the hazards posed by vector organisms on ships, the latest advances in prevention and control strategies, and proposes appropriate countermeasures. The aim is to provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of public health security issues caused by ship-borne vector organisms.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

In this study, RAW264.7 cells were employed to investigate the effects of honey-processed Astragalus on their energy metabolism and polarization, and explore the scientific connotation of the enhanced efficacy of honey-processed Astragalus on invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi. The medicated sera were prepared by intragastric administration of rats with water extracts of crude and honey-processed Astragalus, and the composition changes of medicated sera of crude and honey-processed Astragalus were analyzed by using LC-MS technology. The cell survival rates were detected and the concentrations of medicated sera were screened through CCK-8 assay. The differences of cell phagocytic rates, ATP energy metabolism, and NO secretion between crude and honey-processed Astragalus were evaluated by using neutral red phagocytosis assay, ATP detection kit, and NO detection kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on TNF-α secretion of RAW264.7 cells were detected by employing ELISA kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on polarization of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by utilizing flow cytometry. The differential metabolites related to glycolysis in cell lysates and culture media were screened by using LC-MS technology. The experiment was approved by the experimental animal ethics committee from Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine (No. AWE202407352). The results showed that the contents of betaine, amino acids, and ononin in the prepared medicated sera of rats treated by intragastric administration with water extracts of honey-processed Astragalus increased compared to those in crude one. The results of CCK-8 experiment showed that there were no cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells in the medicated sera of crude and honey-processd Astragalus at different concentration. The phagocytic index and ATP yield both increased to varying degrees after administration of the medicated sera to cells. The secretion of NO in normal and inflammatory cells increased and decreased respectively, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. The results of ELISA kit showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner, and the promoting effect of honey-processed Astragalus was stronger than that of crude one. The results of flow cytometry showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote M1-type polarization and inhibit M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. Compared to crude Astragalus, the metabolites related to glycolysis in the cell lysates and culture media of the medicated sera of honey-processed Astragalus were generally on the rise, indicating that the effect on promoting glycolysis of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. In summary, honey-processed Astragalus can promote the polarization and energy metabolism of RAW264.7 cells, and participate in positive immune regulation, which is correlated with its enhanced effect of invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi.

Methods: Thirty patients with PDVO of the lumbar or thoracic spine treated with transforaminal interbody debridement and fusion (TIDF) with AIBG between March 2014 and May 2022 were reviewed (AIBG group). For comparative analysis, 28 PDVO patients who underwent TIDF without AIBG between January 2009 and June 2011 were enrolled (non-AIBG group). The minimum follow-up duration was 2 years. Clinical characteristics and surgical indications were comparable in the two groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the postoperative antibiotics course were compared between the two groups. Results: Surgical treatment for PDVO resulted in clinical improvement and adequate infection control. Despite the shorter postoperative intravenous antibiotic duration (mean: 19.0 days vs. 39.8 days), the AIBG group had significantly lower CRP levels at postoperative 4 and 6 weeks. The mean Visual Analog Scale pain scores improved from 7.3 preoperatively to 2.2 at 6 weeks postoperatively. The average angle correction at the last follow-up was 7.9°. Conclusions TIDF with AIBG for PDVO can achieve local infection control with a faster reduction in CRP levels, leading to a shorter antibiotic duration.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Methods: Thirty patients with PDVO of the lumbar or thoracic spine treated with transforaminal interbody debridement and fusion (TIDF) with AIBG between March 2014 and May 2022 were reviewed (AIBG group). For comparative analysis, 28 PDVO patients who underwent TIDF without AIBG between January 2009 and June 2011 were enrolled (non-AIBG group). The minimum follow-up duration was 2 years. Clinical characteristics and surgical indications were comparable in the two groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the postoperative antibiotics course were compared between the two groups. Results: Surgical treatment for PDVO resulted in clinical improvement and adequate infection control. Despite the shorter postoperative intravenous antibiotic duration (mean: 19.0 days vs. 39.8 days), the AIBG group had significantly lower CRP levels at postoperative 4 and 6 weeks. The mean Visual Analog Scale pain scores improved from 7.3 preoperatively to 2.2 at 6 weeks postoperatively. The average angle correction at the last follow-up was 7.9°. Conclusions TIDF with AIBG for PDVO can achieve local infection control with a faster reduction in CRP levels, leading to a shorter antibiotic duration.