Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

Hypertensive nephropathy is one of the common chronic kidney diseases in China,the morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that human is an organic whole,the five viscera and six organs are closely related in physiology and pathology,based on the theory of"holistic concept",the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy can effectively improve kidney function and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.Therefore,based on the theory of"five viscera in one",this paper summarizes the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy and the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy from the five aspects of liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease by traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To systematically review the evidence from systematic reviews on the effect of exercise on internet behavioral addictions.Methods Systematic reviews on exercise for internet behavioral addictions were searched in Web of Science,Scopus,EBSCO,PsycINFO,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and CNKI,from January,2015 to January,2025.In ac-cordance with the PRISMA guidelines,the evidences about exercise on internet behavioral addiction,as well as the health benefits,were reported.Results Eleven English reviews were included,from China,Malaysia,Indonesia and Australia,involving 31 672 internet behavioral addiction aged ten to 30 years,covering internet addiction,mobile phone addiction and gaming addic-tion.The included literatures were all systematic reviews mainly from journals in psychology,psychiatry,public health,etc.Interventions included aerobic exercise,strength training,functional training,skill-based training and structured combination exercise,with programs ranging from 30 to 120 minutes per session,one to six times per week,for six to 24 weeks.Exercise significantly improved mental health,behavioral health,physical health and cognitive function.Moderate-intensity structured combination exercise(≥60 minutes persession,≥3 times per week,≥8 weeks)showed the best outcomes,especially for gaming addiction.Exercise combined with psycholog-ical therapy was more effective for severe addiction.Conclusion Exercise is effective on internet behavioral addictions,and moderate-intensity structured combination exer-cise is the most effective.It is recommended to use structured combination exercise for gaming addiction and combined exercise-psychological therapy for severe addiction.

Hypertensive nephropathy is one of the common chronic kidney diseases in China,the morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that human is an organic whole,the five viscera and six organs are closely related in physiology and pathology,based on the theory of"holistic concept",the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy can effectively improve kidney function and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.Therefore,based on the theory of"five viscera in one",this paper summarizes the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy and the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy from the five aspects of liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease by traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To systematically review the evidence from systematic reviews on the effect of exercise on internet behavioral addictions.Methods Systematic reviews on exercise for internet behavioral addictions were searched in Web of Science,Scopus,EBSCO,PsycINFO,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and CNKI,from January,2015 to January,2025.In ac-cordance with the PRISMA guidelines,the evidences about exercise on internet behavioral addiction,as well as the health benefits,were reported.Results Eleven English reviews were included,from China,Malaysia,Indonesia and Australia,involving 31 672 internet behavioral addiction aged ten to 30 years,covering internet addiction,mobile phone addiction and gaming addic-tion.The included literatures were all systematic reviews mainly from journals in psychology,psychiatry,public health,etc.Interventions included aerobic exercise,strength training,functional training,skill-based training and structured combination exercise,with programs ranging from 30 to 120 minutes per session,one to six times per week,for six to 24 weeks.Exercise significantly improved mental health,behavioral health,physical health and cognitive function.Moderate-intensity structured combination exercise(≥60 minutes persession,≥3 times per week,≥8 weeks)showed the best outcomes,especially for gaming addiction.Exercise combined with psycholog-ical therapy was more effective for severe addiction.Conclusion Exercise is effective on internet behavioral addictions,and moderate-intensity structured combination exer-cise is the most effective.It is recommended to use structured combination exercise for gaming addiction and combined exercise-psychological therapy for severe addiction.

Objective:To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3(IGFBP3),which is carried in exosomes released by cisplatin(DDP)-tolerant human lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)A549/DDP cells,on differentiation of macrophages and its effect on DDP resistance of A549 cells.Methods:The parental A549 and A549/DDP cells were cultured in vitro,and the IC50 values were calculated after treatment with different concentrations of DDP for 48 h.The supernatants of A549 or A549/DDP cells culture were collected,and the exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and named A-exo or A/D-exo,respectively.THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into M0-type macrophages with PMA(15 μg/mL),mixed with A549 cells at a ratio of 1∶1,and then inoculated in the axillae of nude mice;on the day of tumor cell inoculation,the tumor cells were injected with PBS,A-exo,and A/D-exo at the inoculation site of the tumor cells,respectively,and at the same time,the treatment was carried out by intraperitoneal injection of DDP 1 time every 4 d.On the 35th day of the tumor loading in mice,the recruitment of human CD11b+CD206+or CD11b+CD86+macrophages in transplanted tumor tissues was detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Antibody microarrays were used to screen for proteins carried by A-exo or A/D-exo and validated by detecting the amount of IGFBP3 protein in A-exo and A/D-exo by ELISA method.A549 or A549/DDP cells were treated with different concentrations of rhIGFBP3,and the effects of rhIGFBP3 on the proliferation or migration ability of the cells were detected by MTS assay and Transwell assay,respectively.M0-type macrophages were treated with rhIGFBP3 for 4 d,and the culture supernatant was collected;the effects of different concentrations of rhIGFBP3 on the production of TGF-β and TNF-α content by M0-type macrophages were detected by ELISA;in addition,A549 cells were treated with rhIGFBP3 or culture supernatant of M0-type macrophages pretreated with rhIGFBP3,and again detected the IC50 value of DDP on A549 cells.Results:The IC50 value of DDP on A549/DDP cells was significantly higher than that of A549 cells(P<0.01);A/D-exo significantly promoted the growth of A549 cells xenograft tumors(P<0.05)and facilitated the recruitment of CD11b+CD206+macrophages into tumor tissues(P<0.05),compared with PBS and A-exo groups.Exosomes A-exo and A/D-exo were successfully obtained;high levels of IGFBP3 were carried in A/D-exo compared with A-exo.The analysis showed that the expression level of IGFBP3 was significantly up-regulated in patients with LUAD,and the overall survival rate of patients with high expression of IGFBP3 was reduced compared with those with low expression of IGFBP3.High concentration of rhIGFBP3(100 ng/mL)had a significant pro-proliferative effect on either A549 or A549/DDP cells(both P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant effect on the migratory ability of A549 or A549/DDP cells.High concentrations of rhIGFBP3(100 ng/mL)induced TGF-β1 production by M0-type macrophages(P<0.05),but not TNF-α production.The IC50 value of DDP on A549 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05)after treatment with culture supernatant of M0-type macrophages pretreated with IGFBP3(but not rhIGFBP3).Conclusion:A549/DDP cells mediate M2-type macrophage differentiation and promote secondary drug resistance in A549 cells by secreting IGFBP3-rich exosomes.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bronchiolar adenoma (BA) with primary lung cancer. Methods Data of 17 BA patients complicated with primary lung cancer in Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected, and the clinical data, histopathological features and immunohistochemical features were summarized. Results 17 patients included 7 males and 10 females, with 49-82 years old. There were 2 squamous cell carcinoma and 15 adenocarcinoma. BA was mostly nodular, without capsule. It had a clear boundary with the surrounding lung tissue, with a major diameter of 0.3-1.5 cm. The section of BA was gray-white, gray-red, gray-brown, with medium-soft texture, and a few had obvious mucus. Microscopically, it was composed of luminal cell layer and basal cell layer, and luminal cells contain mucus cells, ciliated cells, cubic cells and columnar cells. According to the composition of luminal cells, BAs were divided into proximal type and distal type. There were 5 proximal type and 12 distal type, including 1 case of atypical distal BA. Immunohistochemistry results showed that in typical BAs, CK5/6, p63 and p40 were positive in basal cells, thyroid transcription factor-1 was positive in luminal cells and basal cells, and the proliferation index of Ki-67 was 1%. Conclusions BA is a benign tumor, and is a bilayer structure mainly composed of luminal cells and basal cells. However, when the absence or discontinuity of basal cells, BA is easily misdiagnosed as malignancy, which should be highly vigilant.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise-diet behavior intervention based on the transtheoretical model in patients undergoing weight loss surgery.Methods By convenience sampling,72 patients undergoing weight loss surgery in a tertiary general hospital in Xinxiang City,Henan Province from February 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the research subjects.By a random number table method,they were divided into a test group and a control group,with 36 cases in each group.The test group received exercise-diet behavior intervention based on the trans-theoretical model,while the control group received conventional intervention.The intervention began on the first day after admission and ended 6 months after surgery.The body mass index,body fat,lean body mass,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)score,and Short-Form-36 Health Survey(SF-36)score were compared between the 2 groups before and after surgery for 3 and 6 months,as well as the complications within 6 weeks after surgery.Results The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction between the 2 groups in terms of anthropometric measurements,blood pressure and blood glucose,HPLP-Ⅱ scores,and SF-36 scores,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).After 6 months of surgery,the body mass index(23.32±2.32),body fat(24.10±3.46)kg,and lean body mass(41.64±3.24)kg in the test group were lower than(27.32±3.64),(28.46±4.18)kg,and(46.68±4.65)kg in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).At 3 and 6 months after operation,the diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR of the test group were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The HPLP-Ⅱ score of the test group was higher than that of the control group at 3 and 6 months after operation(P＜0.001).The SF-36 score of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 6 months after operation(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications in the test group was 2.56％,which was not significantly different from 19.44％in the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The exercise-dietary behavior intervention based on the transtheoretical model can promote the formation of healthy behaviors in patients undergoing weight loss surgery,maintain weight loss effects,improve blood pressure and blood glucose levels,and enhance the quality of life of patients.

AIM To investigate the effects of Compound Dihuang Granules on biological function of dopaminergic neurons in rats with Parkinson's disease(PD)of Pattern of Yin-Deficiency with Stirring Wind.METHODS The PD animal model of Pattern of Yin-Deficiency with Stirring Wind established by intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)were randomly divided into the model group,the Midoba group(150 mg/kg)and the low,medium and high dose Compound Dihuang Granules groups(1.75,3.5 and 7 g/kg)for corresponding drug intervention,in contrast to the normal group,the sham operation group and the model group underwent 28-day normal saline administration.The rats had their general condition and neuroethology observed;their pathological changes of substantia nigra observed by HE staining;their mitochondrial structure of dopaminergic neurons in the damaged substantia nigra observed by transmission electron microscopy;and their expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the normal group and sham operation group,the model group displayed increased rotational behavirors(P＜0.01),decreased swimming time score(P＜0.01),decreased hanging time(P＜0.01),decreased number of neurons in substantia nigra but more neurons with morphological damage,mitochondrial swelling and degeneration,mitochondrial crista disappearance,and decreased expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDA C1 mRNA and protein in the injured side(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the Midoba group and the Compound Dihuang Granules groups demonstrated less rotational behavirors(P＜0.01),higher swimming time score(P＜0.01),longer hanging time(P＜0.01),less damage to mitochondrial morphology and structure,and higher expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDA C1 mRNA and protein in the injured substantia nigra(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The high-dose Compound Dihuang Granules presented equivalent efficacy to that of Midoba.CONCLUSION Compound Dihuang Granules may promote endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria homeostasis,reduce mitochondrial damage and maintain the biological function of dopaminergic neurons by regulating the expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1.

Objective To investigate the advantages and efficacy of traction with titanium clips in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for large laterally spreading tumor(LST)in rectum and sigmoid colon.Methods 67 patients with large sigmoid or rectal LST underwent ESD from January 2018 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively,including 32 patients in Group A and 35 patients in Group B.Group A was treated with clip-line traction and group B was treated with traditional ESD.The size of lesion,the total operation time,the submucosal dissection time,submucosal dissection rate,submucosal injection number,en bloc resection rate,R0 resection rate,curative resection rate and complications of the two groups were compared.Results LST-G-M was the most common type and villous adenoma was the main pathology in both groups.There were no differences in en bloc resection rate,R0 resection rate and incidence of complications between the two groups.The average size of group A was(13.6±8.4)cm2,significantly larger than that in group B(9.3±4.7)cm2,the total operation time was(42.3±10.3)min in group A,significantly shorter than that in group B(47.9±10.1)min,submucosal dissection time was(30.7±8.2)min in group A,significantly shorter than that in group B(36.1±7.6)min,submucosal injection number was(2.7±1.1)times in group A,significantly less than that in group B(3.5±1.2)times,submucosal dissection rate was(0.4±0.2)cm2/min in group A,significantly faster than that in group B(0.2±0.1)cm2/min,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional ESD,clip-line traction can provide a better surgical field and more effective dissection for large LST in rectum and sigmoid colon.