Objective To analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the potential suitable habitats for Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus,including Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe under current climatic conditions,and the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of their habitats.Methods Based on the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,a species distribution model was established using the screened species distribution data and environmental variable data.The factor detection and interaction detection of geographical detector were applied to quantify the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the suitable areas.By overlaying the suitable areas with land cover types,the distribution characteristics of forest land and arable land in the potential suitable areas were quantified.Results Under the current climatic scenario,environmental variables such as solar radiation intensity,precipitation and temperature were closely related to the spatial distribution of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.The potential suitable areas for Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe were 2.20×106 km2,2.75×106 km2 and 7.22×105 km2,respectively.Considering land cover types,the actual possible suitable areas for Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino,Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe and Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe were 1.86×106 km2,2.20×106 km2 and 5.77×105 km2,respectively.Among these,the area of forest land was 1.17×106 km2,1.34×106 km2 and 3.67×105 km2,respectively,and the area of arable land was 6.95×105 km2,8.64×105 km2 and 2.10×105 km2,respectively.Conclusion This study can provide a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of wild resources of the original plant materials of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution pattern of the suitable habitats for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of its habitat under current climatic conditions in China.Methods Based on maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,a species distribution model was established with filtered species occurrence data and environmental variable data.The geographical detector was applied to quantify the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the suitable areas,employing both factor detection and interaction detection functionalities.Additionally,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to quantify the distribution characteristics of arable land and forest land within the potential suitable areas for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf..Results Based on the contribution rate of environmental factors and the Jackknife method,average solar radiation intensity in December,precipitation in July,and highest temperature in December were identified as key environmental factors affecting the suitability of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.habitats,which were further validated by the geographical detector.The total suitable area for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.in China under current climatic conditions was approximately 4.46×106 km2,with the areas of high,moderate,and low suitability being 1.08×106 km2,1.70×106 km2,and 1.68×106 km2,respectively.After overlaying with arable and forest lands,the potentially suitable total forest area for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.was 1.55×106 km2,and the arable land area was 1.63×106 km2.Conclusion This study provides reference for the optimization of cultivation areas for Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and the conservation of its wild resources.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the potential suitable habitats for Cordyceps under current climatic conditions in China based on space characteristics and biological traits;To explore the key environmental factors affecting the spatial differentiation of its habitats.Methods The Maximum Entropy model was utilized as a predictive tool to synthesize the distribution data of Cordyceps and its associated species Polygonum viviparum and Polygonum macrophyllum,along with environmental variable data.Factor detectors and interaction detectors of geographic detectors were used to conduct geographic exploration of spatial differentiation factors in the suitable habitats of Cordyceps.Furthermore,by overlaying the potential suitable habitats of Cordyceps with surface cover types and the suitable areas of Polygonum viviparum and Polygonum macrophyllum,the specific distribution range of the potential suitable habitats for Cordyceps was refined.Results Under the current climatic conditions,altitude,the precipitation amount of the warmest season,the highest temperature in February,and the precipitation in July are the key environmental factors influencing the distribution of Cordyceps.The potential suitable habitats for Cordyceps reaches 1.18×106 km2,and considering surface cover types,the actual potential suitable habitats for Cordyceps is 7.33×105 km2.Taking into account the associated relationships between species,the actual potential suitable habitats for Cordyceps is 7.27×105 km2.Conclusion The results of this study can reflect the ecological needs of Cordyceps,promote its sustainable utilization of resources,and provide reference for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of potential suitable habitats and the influencing factors of habitat spatial differentiation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma under current climate conditions.Methods Based on 137 distribution records of Gastrodiae Rhizoma sourced from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and 104 environmental variables acquired from the WorldClim dataset,a predictive model for the potential suitable habitat of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was developed using the MaxEnt model.The geodetector was applied to quantitatively analyze the environmental factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of the suitable habitats.Subsequently,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to obtain the distribution characteristics of forest land and cultivated land in the potential suitable habitats.Results Under current climate conditions,key environmental factors affecting the distribution of Gastrodiae Rhizoma included precipitation in July,average temperature in the coldest quarter,precipitation in the warmest quarter,water vapor pressure in September,altitude,and solar radiation in December.The potential geographical distribution range of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.64×106 km2.Considering land cover types,the actual potential suitable area for Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.33×106 km2,of which the forest land area was 8.56×105 km2 and the cultivated land area was 4.74×105 km2.The highly suitable forest areas were mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Hubei,Hunan and Gansu.The cultivated land suitable areas are mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Yunnan,Shaanxi and Hubei.Conclusion The highly suitable habitats of Gastrodiae Rhizoma are mainly located in provinces such as Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi and Hubei,and are affected by factors such as solar radiation,water vapor pressure,temperature and precipitation.The research results can provide reference for the protection of wild Gastrodiae Rhizoma resources,artificial nurturing and optimal selection of ecological planting areas.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jinfukang Oral Liquid combined with thymosin α1 on patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin.METHODS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned into thymosin α1 group(15 cases)for 4-week administration,Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(30 cases)for 4-week administration,and combination group(30 cases)for 4-week administration.The changes in TCM clinical syndrome effects,immunity indices(CD3+T,Th,CTL,total NK,CD56dim CD16+NK,NKT,Treg,MDSC),lethality/inhibition ratios(CTL/Treg,total NK/Treg,NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC)and FACT-L scores were detected.RESULTS The Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group demonstrated higher total effective rates than the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased NKT(P＜0.05)and decreased MDSC(P＜0.05),which were more obvious than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher NKT was observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased lethality/inhibition ratios(P＜0.05),among which NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were higher than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher CTL/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(except for physiological status,society and family status)and combination group(except for society and family status)displayed increased FACT-L scores(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin,Jinfukang Oral Liquid single use or combined with thymosin α1 can enhance peripheral blood immune surveillance,inhibit immune escape,restore the balanced state of tumor immune responses,and improve TCM syndromes and life quality.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VD); however, these findings are inconsistent. It remains unclear whether these associations are causal. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was performed. Genetic correlation and Bayesian co-localization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence. RESULTS: Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this meta-analysis. IBD was significantly associated with dementia (risk ratio [ RR] =1.36, 95% CI = 1.04-1.78; I ² = 84.8%) and VD ( RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.18-5.70; only one study), but not with AD ( RR = 2.00, 95% CI = 0.96-4.13; I ² = 99.8%). MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia (dementia: odds ratio [ OR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98-1.03; AD: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.01; VD: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97-1.07). In addition, genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk. The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications* ; Dementia/etiology* ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Genome-Wide Association Study

Objective To investigate the geographical distribution patterns and influencing factors of suitable habitats for the desert medicinal plant Cynomorium songaricum Rupr under current climatic conditions;To provide a basis for its resource conservation and sustainable utilization.Methods The MaxEnt model was used to analyze potential suitable habitats for Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.Geographical Detector model was used to identify key environmental factors affecting habitat suitability.Surface cover data were overlaid to assess the distribution of sandy and Gobi regions within suitable habitats,enabling a quantitative evaluation of actual potential suitable areas.Results Model predictions indicated a total suitable habitat area of approximately 2.98×106 km2,representing 30.99%of China's mainland area.Highly suitable habitats are concentrated in desert and Gobi regions of Gansu,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Qinghai and Ningxia.Among climatic factors,precipitation of the coldest quarter(bio19),solar radiation in August(srad8),and mean temperature of the coldest quarter(bio11)significantly influence Cynomorium songaricum Rupr distribution.The interaction between temperature and solar radiation intensity exhibited the highest explanatory power for habitat distribution patterns(q=0.82).Overlay analysis with surface cover data estimated the actual potential suitable area at approximately 9.70×105 km2,with sandy regions comprising 5.73×105 km2 and Gobi regions 3.98×105 km2.Conclusion By integrating multi-source data and modeling approaches,this study delineates the potential suitable habitats for Cynomorium songaricum Rupr across China and evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of suitable habitats in Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.These findings offer a foundation for conserving wild Cynomorium songaricum Rupr resources,optimizing ecological planting regions,and promoting sustainable industry development.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.