The global burden of malignant tumors keeps increasing， and the increased morbidity and mortality make malignant tumors one of the major challenges to global health. Currently， malignant tumors are mainly managed by surgical resection， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， which， however， usually cause serious adverse reactions， such as tissue damage， immune function inhibition， and multidrug resistance， affecting the prognosis and quality of life of the patients. Traditional Chinese medicine with low toxic and side effects and multi-target， multi-system， and multi-pathway therapeutic effects has shown positive therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. In particular， the traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of softening hardness and dissipating mass， which contains a variety of active ingredients， have shown strong inhibitory effects on tumor cells. Such medicine can not only directly attack tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation and invasion but also exert therapeutic effects by inducing apoptosis， blocking tumor-related signaling pathways， and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. In addition， traditional Chinese medicine can improve the overall efficacy of cancer treatment by regulating the immune status of the body and reversing the drug resistance of tumor cells. Traditional Chinese medicine can exert the anti-tumor effect by regulating intracellular signaling pathways， which is one of the research hotspots in this field. Signaling pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） play a key role in the formation and development of tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the growth， apoptosis， and metabolic process of tumor cells by affecting the activity of these signaling pathways， thus exerting the therapeutic effects on tumors. Based on these mechanisms， a large number of experimental studies and clinical trials have proved that traditional Chinese medicine has broad prospects in anti-tumor treatment. To further verify these research results and provide a basis for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and the development of new drugs， a systematic review and integrated analysis of the research reports on the anti-tumor effect of traditional Chinese medicine was carried out to summarize the anti-tumor mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. This review is expected to promote the wide application of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-tumor treatment worldwide and bring more hope and possibility to cancer patients.

Objective: To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 6 patients with primary prostatic SRCC treated in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital during Nov.2020 and Sep.2024.The clinical manifestations, imaging features, treatment methods, histological characteristics and prognosis were summarized. Results: The average age of the patients was (72.00±4.28) years.Varying degrees of dysuria occurred in 4 patients. All patients underwent multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) examination before surgery, and the results indicated typical prostate cancer.Preoperative biopsies showed high-grade (Gleason 8-10) prostate acinar adenocarcinoma.Postoperative pathological diagnoses were mixed types of prostate acinar adenocarcinoma and SRCC, and no metastasis was found in the pelvic lymph nodes.All patients were followed up for 1 to 46 months after surgery and are currently alive.Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy only was performed in 3 cases; apalutamide and leuprolide/triptorelin was administered after surgery in 2 cases; bicalutamide + goserelin was administered after surgery in 1 case, who developed bladder metastasis of prostate cancer 24 months later, and the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration decreased to a safe level (<0.2 ng/mL) after the use of darolutamide with radiotherapy.No recurrence or metastasis was found in the remaining patients. Conclusion: Primary prostatic SRCC is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor of the prostate.The diagnosis depends on pathological examinations due to lack of specific imaging features and clinical manifestations.The prognosis is poor, and there is currently no standardized treatment.The combined use of surgery, hormonotherapy and radiotherapy can help improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective To investigate the basic situation of nuclear medicine diagnostic and treatment institutions in Shanghai, understand the development level and distribution characteristics of nuclear medicine in Shanghai, and assess the current status of nuclear medicine development in Shanghai. Methods Using questionnaires, on-site verification, and retrieval of information system records, a survey was carried out on nuclear medicine department staff, equipment, and personal radiation exposure levels of workers in Shanghai. Results As of December 2023, there were 48 nuclear medicine diagnostic and treatment institutions in Shanghai, including 32 (66.7%) tertiary hospitals. Of these, 24 (50%) hospitals performed ¹³¹I therapy, and 9 (18.8%) hospitals conducted ¹³¹I treatment for thyroid cancer. There were 681 nuclear medicine radiation workers, with an average annual effective dose from external radiation of 0.54 mSv. There were 137 pieces of nuclear medicine equipment, including 56 SPECT/CT, 42 PET/CT, 8 PET/MRI, 25 thyroid function meters, and 6 cyclotrons. In 2023, the total radioactivity of radionuclides used in Shanghai was 1.2 × 10⁸ MBq, with 3.4 × 10⁷ MBq of ¹⁸F, 7.4 × 10⁷ MBq of ^99mTc, and 1.2 × 10⁷ MBq of ¹³¹I. The total annual number of nuclear medicine diagnostic and treatment procedures performed was 247 826 and the application frequency was 10.0 procedures per thousand population. Conclusion Clinical nuclear medicine in Shanghai has developed rapidly, achieving the Level I healthcare standard as defined in the UNSCEAR 2008 report. Enhancing occupational protection for radiation workers is a critical issue that requires particular attention in the next phase of development.

Objective To explore the clinical information of female patients with pulmonary nodules and the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and their elements. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the basic information, medical history data, image data, and four diagnostic information of female patients with pulmonary nodules. The distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and their elements in female patients with pulmonary nodules were determined by KMO test, Bartlett spherical test, systematic cluster analysis, chi-square test, and other methods. Results A total of 721 female patients with pulmonary nodules were included in this study. The patients were mainly 45-59 years old, had secondary school education or above, and had a history of oil smoke exposure as clinical characteristics. The pulmonary nodules were mainly 6-10 mm in size and appeared as multiple and ground glass nodules. The clinical symptoms were mainly fatigue, emotional irritability, and shortness of breath. The main syndromes of disease location were the spleen, liver, and lung; and the main syndromes of disease were phlegm, dampness, and qi deficiency. The main complex syndromes were spleen deficiency and dampness, liver stagnation, and qi/yin deficiency. Conclusion Middle age, high education, and multiple small ground glass nodules are the clinical characteristics of female patients with pulmonary nodules. Exposure to oil smoke is an important cause of the occurrence of female pulmonary nodules. During treatment, attention should be paid to strengthening the spleen, removing dampness, soothing the liver, regulating and tonifying qi, and nourishing yin.

【Objective】 To explore the the potential risks of antiretroviral therapy(ART) drugs on blood safety among blood donors in Shenzhen. 【Methods】 High pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure ART drugs concentrations in the plasma of regular blood donors (negative control group, n=86) and anti-HIV positive individuals (experimental group, n=98, detected from approximately 440 000 blood donors during 2019—2023). The baseline plasma concentrations of ART drugs in the negative control group were clarified, and the impact of ART drugs on blood safety was analyzed. 【Results】 The baseline concentrations of ART drugs were not detected in 86 samples of negative control group. Four positive ART drugs samples were detected in 1∶2 pooled plasma samples of 98 anti-HIV positive blood donors plasma in the resolution test. The ART positive rate of anti-HIV positive donors was 4.08%, with tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz detected in three blood donors and lamivudine, lopinavir, ritonavir and zidovudine detected in one blood donor. 【Conclusion】 ART drugs were found among anti-HIV positive blood donors in Shenzhen. Additional research is needed to investigate the motivation of these specific donors, so as to ascertain the groups most susceptible to potential risks, and guarantee blood safety.

Ground-glass nodule (GGN) lung cancer often progresses slowly in clinical and there are few clinical studies on long-term follow-up of patients with operable GGN lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We present a successful case of GGN lung cancer treated with SBRT, but a new GGN was found in the lung adjacent to the SBRT target during follow-up. The nodule progressed rapidly and was confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma by surgical resection. No significant risk factors and related driving genes were found in molecular pathological findings and genetic tests. It deserves further study whether new GGN is related to the SBRT. This case suggests that the follow-up after SBRT should be vigilant against the occurrence of new rapidly progressive lung cancer in the target area and adjacent lung tissue.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/surgery* ; Lung/pathology*

Diabetes has long been considered a risk factor in implant therapy and impaired wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues. Magnesium has been proved to promote bone healing under normal conditions. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which Mg²⁺ promotes angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic status. We generated a diabetic mice model and demonstrated the alveolar bone healing was compromised, with significantly decreased angiogenesis. We then developed Mg-coating implants with hydrothermal synthesis. These implants successfully improved the vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic status. Mechanically, Mg²⁺ promoted the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by up-regulating the expression of sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells, thus reducing the elevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia. Altogether, our data suggested that Mg²⁺ promoted angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondrial metabolism.
Mice ; Animals ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism* ; Magnesium/metabolism* ; Osseointegration ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of gastrodin on the steroid regulatory element-binding protein 1c （SREBP1c） signaling pathway in high-fat high-cholesterol diet （HFHC）-induced mice and explore the mechanism of gastrodin in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. MethodEight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in vivo and divided into the following four groups， with six mice in each group： normal group， gastrodin group （50 mg·kg^-1）， model group， and model + gastrodin group （50 mg·kg^-1）. NAFLD model was established by feeding mice with HFHC for four weeks， and the mice were euthanized and the liver tissues were collected after four weeks. In vitro experiments were performed using Huh7 cells which were divided into five groups， and induced with free fatty acids （FFA， 200 μmol·L^-1， oleic acid-palmitic acid 2∶1） to establish an NAFLD cell model. After 24 h， different concentrations of gastrodin （0， 5， 10， 20， and 40 μmol·L^-1） were added to each group and cultured for another 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation in mouse liver and Huh7 cells. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. Levels of serum total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and triglycerides （TG） were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Relevant assay kits were used to detect liver TC， TG， and FFA levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of lipid synthesis-related proteins fatty acid synthase （FASN）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 （SCD1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels （P<0.01）， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels （P<0.01）， increased lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells （P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after gastrodin treatment， the serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels in mice significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the severity of fatty liver disease improved significantly， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGastrodin can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation and blood lipid levels， improve HFHC-induced NAFLD， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the SREBP1c lipid synthesis-related signaling pathway.

Phlegm and dampness are endogenous,rise and fall with Qi,reach the limbs,diffuse the whole body,and form obesity.Regulating phlegm dampness with traditional Chinese medicine can realize the early prevention and treatment of obesity.Intestinal microbiota participates in a variety of human metabolic processes.Regulating intestinal microbiota is a new way to prevent and treat obesity.Taking the close relationship between intestinal flora and its metabolites,obesity and phlegm dampness theory as the breakthrough point,and based on the existing research results,this paper discusses the possible role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the formation of phlegm dampness and the prevention and treatment of obesity,It is considered that the common intestinal microbiota and its metabolites of different individuals with obesity caused by phlegm dampness may be used as specific indicators to become the new micro identification basis of obesity phlegm dampness theory.It is proposed that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites will become the key point of obesity phlegm dampness theory research,which will provide a new explanation for obesity prevention and control research,and expand new research fields for the connotation of TCM phlegm dampness theory.

ObjectiveTo analyze the individual monitoring results of the radiation workers in Shanghai’s Jing’an District from 2017 to 2023, to assess the occupational protection status as well as to offer scientific references for enhancing occupational health and radiation safety, and to provide support for health education initiatives targeting radiation workers. MethodsRadiation workers from several medical institutions in Jing’an District from 2017 to 2023 were selected as the subjects for this study. The individual dose of occupational external radiation exposure was monitored by using thermoluminescence dosimeters. Continuous data of seven years were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2023, the annual collective effective dose for radiation workers in Jing’an District was 329.53 person·mSv, with an average individual annual effective dose of 0.17 mSv, and the median individual annual effective dose was 0.12 mSv. There were statistically significant differences in the individual annual effective doses across different years (H=277.131, P<0.05). The individual doses varied significantly among different levels of medical institutions (H=46.097, P<0.05), with tertiary institutions having the lowest median individual dose of 0.09 mSv, which was significantly lower than those at primary, secondary, and ungraded institutions (P<0.05). The median annual effective dose in males was lower than that in females, showing a statistically significant difference (Z=-3.438, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the individual annual effective doses among different occupational categories (H=150.727, P<0.05), with nuclear medicine workers experiencing the highest median annual dose of 0.56 mSv. ConclusionFrom 2017 to 2023, the individual dose of radiation workers in medical institutions in Jing’an District of Shanghai remained at a low level, reflecting the effective measures of radiation protection facilities in workplaces in Jing’an District, but particular attention should be given to radiological workers in nuclear medicine and workers in primary medical institutions.