Objective:To explore the role of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) in cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice.Methods:(1)The SPF grade RORαflox/flox transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were generated, and 22 transgenic mice were evenly divided into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the control group (Con group) and the alcohol group (EtOH group), with 11 mice in each group.(2)Emx1-Cre transgenic mice were used to selectively knock out the RORα gene in the forebrain of RORαflox/flox transgenic mice, producing conditional knockout mice (cKO mice) with the genotype RORαflox/flox-Emx1-Cre+ /+. Fourteen cKO mice were further split into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the conditional knockout group (cKO group) and the conditional knockout + alcohol group (cKO + EtOH group), with 7 mice in each group. A chronic alcohol use cognitive impairment model was developed in the EtOH group and cKO + EtOH group through the two-bottle free-choice method, while the Con group and cKO group were given two bottles of water for the same period. Cognitive abilities of mice in all groups were evaluated using behavioral novel object recognition test and Y-maze test.RORα mRNA and protein expression levels in the hippocampus of the Con group and EtOH group were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for data analysis.One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of multiple groups and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1) Comparison between Con group and EtOH group: the relative levels of ROR α protein (0.63±0.04) and mRNA (0.78±0.03) in the hippocampus of mice in the EtOH group were significantly lower than those in the Con group((1.00±0.06), (1.00±0.05), both P<0.05). The duration of the EtOH group in the Y maze was significantly lower than that of the Con group ((212.30±32.05) s, (129.30±21.50) s, P<0.05), and the new object recognition index of the EtOH group was lower than that of the Con group ((14.73±25.49)% vs (-15.55±27.88)%, P=0.08). (2)Comparison between Con group and cKO group: the frequency and duration of entering the Y maze of mice in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s) were lower than those in the Con group ((14.90±3.65) times, (212.30±32.05) s, both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index between the cKO group and the Con group ( P>0.05). (3) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the cKO group: the frequency ((2.71±1.11)times) and duration ((161.70±17.95) s) of entering the new heteroarm of Y maze in the KO+ EtOH group were lower than those in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s, both P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index ( P>0.05). (4) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the EtOH group: the frequency of entering new heteroarm of the Y maze in the cKO+ EtOH group ((2.71±1.11)times) was significantly lower than that in the EtOH group (12.18±4.49) ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other behavioral results between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Chronic alcohol consumption leads to cognitive impairment through the downregulation of RORα in the hippocampus of mice. Specific knockout of RORα in the forebrain exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol use. RORα may represent a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment resulting from chronic alcohol consumption.

Objective:To explore the role of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) in cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice.Methods:(1)The SPF grade RORαflox/flox transgenic mice aged 8 weeks were generated, and 22 transgenic mice were evenly divided into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the control group (Con group) and the alcohol group (EtOH group), with 11 mice in each group.(2)Emx1-Cre transgenic mice were used to selectively knock out the RORα gene in the forebrain of RORαflox/flox transgenic mice, producing conditional knockout mice (cKO mice) with the genotype RORαflox/flox-Emx1-Cre+ /+. Fourteen cKO mice were further split into two groups by the method of matching body mass, which were the conditional knockout group (cKO group) and the conditional knockout + alcohol group (cKO + EtOH group), with 7 mice in each group. A chronic alcohol use cognitive impairment model was developed in the EtOH group and cKO + EtOH group through the two-bottle free-choice method, while the Con group and cKO group were given two bottles of water for the same period. Cognitive abilities of mice in all groups were evaluated using behavioral novel object recognition test and Y-maze test.RORα mRNA and protein expression levels in the hippocampus of the Con group and EtOH group were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for data analysis.One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of multiple groups and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1) Comparison between Con group and EtOH group: the relative levels of ROR α protein (0.63±0.04) and mRNA (0.78±0.03) in the hippocampus of mice in the EtOH group were significantly lower than those in the Con group((1.00±0.06), (1.00±0.05), both P<0.05). The duration of the EtOH group in the Y maze was significantly lower than that of the Con group ((212.30±32.05) s, (129.30±21.50) s, P<0.05), and the new object recognition index of the EtOH group was lower than that of the Con group ((14.73±25.49)% vs (-15.55±27.88)%, P=0.08). (2)Comparison between Con group and cKO group: the frequency and duration of entering the Y maze of mice in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s) were lower than those in the Con group ((14.90±3.65) times, (212.30±32.05) s, both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index between the cKO group and the Con group ( P>0.05). (3) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the cKO group: the frequency ((2.71±1.11)times) and duration ((161.70±17.95) s) of entering the new heteroarm of Y maze in the KO+ EtOH group were lower than those in the cKO group ((7.43±2.30) times, (124.10±13.95) s, both P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the new object recognition index ( P>0.05). (4) Comparison between the cKO+ EtOH group and the EtOH group: the frequency of entering new heteroarm of the Y maze in the cKO+ EtOH group ((2.71±1.11)times) was significantly lower than that in the EtOH group (12.18±4.49) ( P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other behavioral results between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Chronic alcohol consumption leads to cognitive impairment through the downregulation of RORα in the hippocampus of mice. Specific knockout of RORα in the forebrain exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol use. RORα may represent a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment resulting from chronic alcohol consumption.

Objective:To explore the real experience of ICU patients during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to inform the development of interventions.Methods:This study was a qualitative study. Using the social ecosystem theory as a theoretical framework and purposive sampling method, 15 ICU patients who received CRRT at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2023 to February 2024 were selected for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi 7-step analysis was applied to analyze the data.Results:A total of three themes and 11 sub-themes were summarized, including microsystems (symptom improvement, limited mobility and self-care, sleep disorders, hypothermia, emotional overload, hope and gratitude), mesosystems (heavy financial burden, disrupted rhythm of family life, dependence on peer support), and macrosystems (information support needs to be improved, expectation of an open ICU visitation system) .Conclusions:The social ecosystem of patients with CRRT in the ICU is not optimistic. Healthcare professionals should provide appropriate support for patients to facilitate their physical and psychological recovery.

Objective:To explore the real experience of ICU patients during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to inform the development of interventions.Methods:This study was a qualitative study. Using the social ecosystem theory as a theoretical framework and purposive sampling method, 15 ICU patients who received CRRT at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2023 to February 2024 were selected for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi 7-step analysis was applied to analyze the data.Results:A total of three themes and 11 sub-themes were summarized, including microsystems (symptom improvement, limited mobility and self-care, sleep disorders, hypothermia, emotional overload, hope and gratitude), mesosystems (heavy financial burden, disrupted rhythm of family life, dependence on peer support), and macrosystems (information support needs to be improved, expectation of an open ICU visitation system) .Conclusions:The social ecosystem of patients with CRRT in the ICU is not optimistic. Healthcare professionals should provide appropriate support for patients to facilitate their physical and psychological recovery.

OBJECTIVES: The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes. METHODS: We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS: Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030). CONCLUSIONS MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.

Objective:To compare esketamine versus dexmedetomidine in improving the adverse mood after cesarean section.Methods:One hundred and fourteen pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section, aged 20-45 yr, with body mass index≤33 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, were divided into 3 groups ( n=38 each) by the random number table method: esketamine group (group S), dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C). After delivery, esketamine was intravenously injected as a bolus of 0.3 mg/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.3 mg·kg -1·h -1 throughout the surgery in group S, dexmedetomidine was intravenously injected as a bolus of 0.6 μg/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.6 μg·kg -1·h -1 throughout the surgery in group D, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead, followed by an infusion of 14 ml/h throughout the surgery in group C. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed after the end of surgery. Esketamine 50 mg, sufentanil 50 μg and ondansetron 8 mg were given in group S, dexmedetomidine 200 μg, sufentanil 50 μg and ondansetron 8 mg were given in group D, while sufentanil 50 μg and ondansetron 8 mg were given in group C. When the visual analog scale score ≥4 within 48 h after operation, flurbiprofen axidate was intravenously injected as a rescue analgesic. Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were assessed at 1 day before surgery and 2 and 7 days after surgery. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1 day before surgery and 2 days after surgery. The effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and requirement for rescue analgesia after operation were recorded. The occurrence of adverse reactions during operation and within 48 h after operation was also recorded. Results:Compared with group C, SAS scores and EPDS scores were significantly decreased at 2 and 7 days after surgery, serum BDNF concentrations were increased at 2 days after surgery, the effective pressing times of PCA were reduced, the requirement for rescue analgesia was decreased, and the incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting was reduced in S and D groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, SAS scores and EPDS scores were significantly decreased at 7 days after surgery, the effective pressing times of PCA were reduced ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in serum BDNF concentrations at 2 days after surgery and requirement for rescue analgesia in group S ( P>0.05). The incidence of dreaminess was significantly higher in group S than in group C and group D ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine is better than dexmedetomidine in improving the adverse mood after cesarean section.

Objective To evaluate the equity of health human resources allocation in traditional Chinese(TCM)hospitals from 2012 to 2021,and forecast the number of various health technicians,so as to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable allocation of health human resources of TCM health service.Methods The data of health personnel in TCM hospitals were collected,and Theil index and clustering degree were used to analyze the equity of health human resource allocation.The grey GM(1,1)model was used to predict the demand of health personnel in TCM hospitals.Results From 2012 to 2021,the health human resources of TCM hospitals in China showed an overall growth trend.According to the analysis of Theil index in each region,the contribution rate of Theil index showed that the difference between regions was the main factor causing the difference in personnel allocation.The concentration degree of TCM hospitals in terms of geographical allocation was eastern region,central region and western region,respectively.Conclusion The expansion of high-quality medical resources and the rational allocation of TCM resources should be promoted.Clear target responsibility,promote fine management,improve the fairness of medical personnel allocation;Based on traditional advantages,broaden training ideas,and effectively build a multi-dimensional training system for TCM talents.

Objective To develop a pulmonary rehabilitation training system based on scenario simulation for children with bronchiolitis obliterans,and to explore its application effect.Methods A pulmonary rehabilitation training program for children with bronchiolitis obliterans was constructed,and on the basis of this program,a pul-monary rehabilitation training system based on scenario simulation was developed for children with bronchiolitis obliterans,with real-time monitoring of relevant data.44 children with bronchiolitis obliterans who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a tertiary A children's specialized hospital in Hunan Province from January to December 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method,and the subjects were divided into an experimental group and a control group with 22 cases in each group.The experimental group adopted a pulmonary rehabilitation training program based on scenario simulation,and the control group implemented pulmonary rehabili-tation through nurse demonstration and guidance.At pre-intervention,4 weeks,and 12 weeks of intervention,the 2 groups were compared in terms of clinical symptom severity,pulmonary function,adherence to pulmonary rehabilita-tion,and the occurrence of pulmonary rehabilitation-related adverse events.Results There were no shedding cases in the experimental group and a case in the control group,and 22 cases were finally included in the experimental group and 21 cases in the control group.The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the comparison of clinical symptom severity and pulmonary function between the 2 groups at different time points was statistically sig-nificant in terms of time,between groups and interaction(P＜0.05).Simple effect analysis showed that after 4 and 12 weeks of intervention,the severity of clinical symptoms in the experimental group was lighter than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).At 12 weeks of intervention,pulmonary func-tion indexes,such as exertional expiratory volume in the first second,exertional lung volume,and maximum expiratory flow rate,were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).At 4 and 12 weeks of intervention,the compliance of pulmonary rehabilitation in the experi-mental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).At 12 weeks of intervention,the occurrence of adverse events related to pulmonary rehabilitation in the experimental group was less than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.026).Conclusion The use of a scenario simulation-based pulmonary rehabilitation training system for children with bronchiolitis obliterans can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of children,improve their pulmonary function,increase compliance,and reduce the occurrence of pulmonary rehabilitation-related adverse events.

The WRKYs are a group of plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in defense responses. In this study, we silenced 2 GmWRKY33B homologous genes using a bean pod mosaic virus (BPMV) vector carrying a single fragment from the conserved region of the GmWRKY33B genes. Silencing GmWRKY33B did not result in morphological changes. However, significantly reduced resistances to Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) and soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were observed in the GmWRKY33B-silenced plants, indicating a positive role of the GmWRKY33B genes in disease resistance. Kinase assay showed that silencing the GmWRKY33B genes significantly reduced the activation of GmMPK6, but not GmMPK3, in response to flg22 treatment. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of the genes encoding prenyltransferases (PTs), which are the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of glyceollin, showed that the Psg-induced expression of these genes was significantly reduced in the GmWRKY33B-silenced plants compared with the BPMV-0 empty vector plants, which correlated with the presence of the W-boxes in the promoter regions of these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that GmWRKY33Bs are involved in soybean immunity through regulating the activation of the kinase activity of GmMPK6 as well as through regulating the expression of the key genes encoding the biosynthesis of glyceollins.
Glycine max/genetics* ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Biological Assay ; Dimethylallyltranstransferase ; Gene Silencing

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.