Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Bone metastasis,as a common terminal event in patients with advanced malignant tumors,significantly impacts patients'quality of life and survival prognosis,posing a major clinical challenge in the field of oncology.With the deepening understanding of tumor biology,the treatment paradigm for bone metastasis has progressively shifted from traditional palliative care to precise targeted interventions.Currently,clinical treatment strategies have demonstrated diversified development,with various therapeutic approaches-including radiotherapy,immunotherapy,bone-modifying agents,and small-molecule targeted drugs—achieving notable clinical progress.However,existing treatment regimens still face challenges such as significant interindividual variability in efficacy,frequent drug resistance,and prominent adverse effects.This article systematically reviews the latest advances in precision therapy for bone metastasis,provides an in-depth analysis of the strengths and limitations of different treatment strategies,and offers perspectives on future research directions and therapeutic prospects,aiming to provide reference for optimizing clinical practice and promoting translational research.

Bone metastasis,as a common terminal event in patients with advanced malignant tumors,significantly impacts patients'quality of life and survival prognosis,posing a major clinical challenge in the field of oncology.With the deepening understanding of tumor biology,the treatment paradigm for bone metastasis has progressively shifted from traditional palliative care to precise targeted interventions.Currently,clinical treatment strategies have demonstrated diversified development,with various therapeutic approaches-including radiotherapy,immunotherapy,bone-modifying agents,and small-molecule targeted drugs—achieving notable clinical progress.However,existing treatment regimens still face challenges such as significant interindividual variability in efficacy,frequent drug resistance,and prominent adverse effects.This article systematically reviews the latest advances in precision therapy for bone metastasis,provides an in-depth analysis of the strengths and limitations of different treatment strategies,and offers perspectives on future research directions and therapeutic prospects,aiming to provide reference for optimizing clinical practice and promoting translational research.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of frailty among elders aged ≥60 years in the Beijing community and analyze the risk factors of frailty.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1936 older persons in Baizhifang Community in Beijing were included between May and September 2023. Their frailty was evaluated by Fried Frailty Phenotype Scale. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to evaluate nutritional status, physical function, and depression, respectively. The prevalence and risk factors of frailty among the elderly in the community were analyzed.Results:A total of 168 individuals met the criteria for frailty, and the prevalence of frailty was 8.7%. Compared to the non-frail group, the frail group was predominantly female (71.4% vs 62.2%; χ 2=5.59, P=0.018), older [(72.1±6.6) vs (69.9±6.0) ages; t=-5.25, P<0.001], unmarried (1.8% vs 0.8%; χ 2=8.60, P=0.014), with lower education levels (10.7% vs 3.5%; χ 2=23.38, P<0.001), poorer self-assessed health (22.6% vs 6.5%; χ 2=69.80, P<0.001), lower MNA-SF scores [(12.2±2.2) vs (13.0±1.4) scores; t=6.29, P<0.001], lower SPPB scores [(8.4±1.9) vs (10.2±1.6) scores; t=14.62, P<0.001], higher GDS scores [(4.0±3.8) vs (1.9±2.1) scores; t=-11.48, P<0.001], and worse vision, hearing, and olfactory functions (48.2% vs 34.1%, 36.9% vs 23.0%, 9.5% vs 3.0%; χ 2=13.37, 16.11, 40.58, all P<0.001). They were also more likely to suffer from hypertension (70.8% vs 56.7%; χ 2=12.52, P<0.001), diabetes (42.3% vs 29.4%; χ 2=12.06, P<0.001), osteoarthritis (46.4% vs 30.3%; χ 2=18.39, P<0.001) and stroke (19.0% vs 13.3%; χ 2=4.28, P=0.039). Logistic regression analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with nutritional status ( OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7-0.9, P<0.001), depressive symptoms ( OR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2, P<0.001), olfactory function ( OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0, P<0.001; OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-5.9, P=0.003), and physical function ( OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.6-0.7, P<0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty among elderly people in community is relatively high. Frailty in community elders is associated with physical function, psychological function, nutritional status, and olfactory function decline.

Objective:To analyze mobility limitation condition and its relationship with cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1 935 older adults aged≥60 years were recruited from May to September 2023 in Beijing Baizhifang Community Health Service Center and its five subordinate health service stations (Baizhifang Hutong health service station, Nancaiyuan community health service station, Youanmen community health service station, Younei West Street health service station and Shuanghuaili community health service station). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess the mobility capacity of the elderly, and the elderly were divided into two groups with SPPB, the elderly with a SPPB≤9 points were grouped into mobility limitation group (645 cases), and the ones with a SPPB≥10 points were considered with normal mobility capacity (1 290 cases). The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the mini-mental state examination; and the gender, age, calf circumference, history of chronic disease, frailty status, cognitive function, nutritional status, depression status, hearing and vision condition of the two groups were compared with χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the mobility limitation and its relationship with cognitive function in the older adults. Results:Mobility limitation was found in 33.33% (645/1 935) of community-dwelling older adults. The proportions of advanced age, female, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, frailty, depression, cognitive impairment, hearing decline, and vision decline in the mobility limitation group were all significantly higher than those in the normal mobility capacity group (31.32% vs 13.41%, 69.92% vs 59.61%, 65.27% vs 54.03%, 33.80% vs 28.60%, 27.91% vs 19.53%, 17.83% vs 11.47%, 10.54% vs 7.36%, 13.18% vs 2.02%, 18.45% vs 6.59%, 14.73% vs 7.75%, 30.54% vs 20.31%, 45.58% vs 30.39%) (all P<0.05). Advanced age ( OR=2.542, 95% CI: 1.977-3.269), female ( OR=1.736, 95% CI: 1.390-2.167), stroke ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.065-1.911), depression ( OR=2.292, 95% CI: 1.656-3.174), cognitive impairment ( OR=1.601, 95% CI: 1.154-2.220), frailty ( OR=5.199, 95% CI: 3.219-8.397) and vision decline ( OR=1.405, 95% CI: 1.124-1.756) were all positively correlated with the mobility limitation in the community-dwelling older adults (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The older adults in the community have a higher risk of mobility limitation, mobility limitation is a positive correlation factor of cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a transitional stage of cognitive abnormality between the normal cognitive function level and dementia, often involving impairment in one or more cognitive domains.Sarcopenia is a type of progressive and common skeletal muscle disorder and may increase the occurrence of adverse outcomes such as falls, bone fractures and frailty in older adults.Both cognitive dysfunction and sarcopenia are among common geriatric syndromes.Studies in recent years have found that the presence of sarcopenia may increase the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction.This article discussed the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of MCI and sarcopenia, the possible relationship between them, and potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between them.

Objective:To investigate the correlation and influencing factors between sarcopenia and cardiac structure and function in elderly inpatients.Methods:A total of 945 elderly patients, aged 60 years and older, were recruited from the Geriatrics Department at Xuanwu Hospital.Sarcopenia was assessed, while cardiac structure and function were evaluated through echocardiography and NT-proBNP measurements.Results:Patients were classified into two groups: a sarcopenia group(n=185, 19.6%)and a non-sarcopenia group(n=760, 80.4%).Compared to the non-sarcopenia group, the sarcopenia group exhibited a reduction in left atrial diameter(LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular mass(LVM), stroke volume(SV), and cardiac output(CO)(all P<0.05).In contrast, NT-proBNP levels were significantly elevated in the sarcopenia group( P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified older age( OR=1.080, P<0.001)and elevated NT-proBNP( OR=1.001, P<0.001)as independent risk factors for sarcopenia.Conversely, higher LAD( OR=0.858, P<0.001)and LVM( OR=0.988, P=0.002)were recognized as independent protective factors.Additionally, NT-proBNP demonstrated a negative correlation with handgrip strength( r=-0.241, P<0.001), gait speed( r=-0.215, P<0.001), SPPB score( r=-0.270, P<0.001), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM)( r=-0.208, P<0.001), while exhibiting a positive correlation with the 5-time chair stand test( r=0.169, P<0.001).LVM was positively correlated with handgrip strength( r=0.213, P<0.001)and ASM( r=0.456, P<0.001).Furthermore, LAD was positively correlated with handgrip strength( r=0.071, P=0.029)and ASM( r=0.305, P<0.001). Conclusions:Notably, significant differences exist in cardiac structure and function between elderly patients with sarcopenia and those without.Furthermore, indicators related to sarcopenia are correlated with alterations in cardiac structure and function.

ObjectiveTo establish a vaginal self-sampling HPV cervical cancer screening model in Hainan Province, to analyze the application of p16 protein detection in HPV positive and non-HPV16 /18 shunt screening. MethodsFrom January 2019 to September 2022, a total of 200 women from the targeted population was randomly selected for vaginal self-sampling HPV typing test to screen cervical cancer using randomized numeric table method, followed by cervical cytology sampling for cytology p16 protein detection. Postoperative pathological examination was used as the gold standard. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of HPV positive detection rate in cervical lesions, and the nomogram model was constructed simultaneously. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and calibration curve were used for evaluating the accuracy of the nomogram model. Differences in the distribution of self-sampled HPV-positive and HPV infected genotypes were recorded, and the application of p16 protein detection in HPV-positive and non-HPV16/18 shunt screening was analyzed. ResultsAged ≥40 years, BMI ≥28.00 kg·m^-2, number of sexual partners ≥2, frequency of sexual life ≥10 times·month^-1, bleeding from sexual intercourse, and age of first sexual intercourse <22 years were the risk factors for HPV positive of cervical lesions (all P<0.001). The results of ROC curve and calibration curve showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.874 (95%CI: 0.823‒0.907, P<0.05), the sensitivity was 0.835, the specificity was 0.847, and the Youden index was 0.672, indicating a good fit of the model. Results of vaginal self-sampling HPV test showed that the positive rate of HPV was 86.50% (173/200). HPV high-risk infection types mainly included HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82. Single HPV infection accounted for 95.95% (166/173), 2.89% (5/173) were infected with two types of HPV, and 1.16% (2/173) were infected with three or more types of HPV. Colposcopic pathologic diagnosis was used as the gold standard, and the results showed that the accuracy of p16 protein detection in the diagnosis of cervical cancer was 93.50% (187/200), with a sensitivity of 96.53% (167/173), and a specificity of 74.07% (20/27). The negative and positive predictive value were 76.92% (20/26) and 95.98% (167/174), respectively. The results of shunt screening showed that there were 80 cases infected with HPV16, 79 cases infected with HPV18 and 41 cases of non-HPV16/18, with a sensitivity of 90.91%, 90.32% and 86.67%, a specificity of 71.43%, 64.71% and 72.73%, a negative predictive value of 62.50%, 64.71% and 66.67%, a positive predictive value of 93.75%, 90.32% and 89.66%, and an accuracy of 87.50%, 84.81% and 82.93%, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of p16 positive screening for cervical cancer were significantly higher than that of HPV positive detection, but the false positive rate was significantly lower than that of HPV positive detection. The AUCs of HPV positive, p16 positive and combination of the two detection methods for cervical cancer were 0.603, 0.822 and 0.907, respectively. ConclusionVaginal self-sampling HPV testing is a widely accepted mode for cervical cancer screening. Cervical cytology p16 protein detection is important for self-sampled HPV positive and shunt screening of non-HPV16/18.

Objective:To compare the effects of high-power and conventional power atrial fibrillation ablation on intraoperative acute pulmonary vein isolation, postoperative troponin levels, and atrial fibrillation recurrence.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 105 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation admitted to the Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a high-power ablation group of 52 cases and a conventional power ablation group of 53 cases. The intraoperative rate of single circle acute pulmonary vein isolation, the recovery of electrical conduction after acute pulmonary vein isolation, and the location and number of points that need to be added were compared between the two groups; At the same time, two groups were compared in terms of surgical time, ablation time, surgical radiation exposure time and radiation dose, intraoperative complications postoperative cardiac troponin levels at 12 hours, and recurrence of atrial fibrillation within 1 year after ablation.Results:The intraoperative single loop pulmonary vein isolation rate and postoperative troponin levels in the high-power atrial fibrillation ablation group were higher than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). The surgical time, ablation time, and the number of sites and points that need to be added during surgery were less than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications and postoperative atrial fibrillation recurrence between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:High power atrial fibrillation ablation has a higher single loop acute pulmonary vein isolation rate, fewer patch sites and points, shorter surgical time, and greater ablation damage compared to conventional ablation, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups is similar after surgery.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the pre-audit rules for anesthesia prescriptions， improve the audit quality and rational drug use. METHODS The inpatient medical orders of anesthesia department from prescription pre-audit system of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University （hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”） were analyzed from April 1 to 30， 2023. The classification statistics and evidence-based inquiry were carried out for irrational drug use issues； combined with our hospital’s current implementation of the Anesthesiology Clinical Pathway Medication Standards， the audit rules were set in details， and audit management and communication feedback processes were established. The total number of monthly audited orders， the number of pre-audit pop ups， system interception rate， physician modification rate after system audit， pharmacist audit rate， and reasonable rate of medical orders after refined setting of rules （May-December in 2023） were compared with before setting （April in 2023）； the average medication cost per anesthesia session after refined setting of rules was also compared with before setting （May- December in 2022）. RESULTS Irrational drug use in the anesthesia department mainly included inappropriate indications， inappropriate administration routes， inappropriate usage and dosage， inappropriate compatibility， medication problems in special populations， and improper medication during the perioperative period. After the refinement of the rules， the number of pre-audit pop ups in the anesthesia department significantly decreased over time， and gradually reached a stable state after continuous improvement. Compared with before setting， the system interception rate after the refinement of rules （P＜0.001）， physician modification rate after system audit （P＜0.001） both increased significantly， while the pharmacist audit rate significantly decreased （P＜0.001）. There was a linear trend between the reasonable rate of medical orders and the month from May to December in 2023 （P＜0.05）. Compared with before the setting， the average medication cost of anesthesia per session decreased from 720.72 yuan to 528.21 yuan， with a decrease of 26.71%. CONCLUSIONS Based on evidence-based reference， refining pre-audit rules for anesthesia prescriptions can significantly improve the quality of prescription examination， promote rational drug use， and save patient’s medical expenses.