ObjectiveAngle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the major eye-blinding diseases. To diagnose ACG, it is crucial to examine the anterior chamber angle. Current diagnostic tools include slit lamp gonioscopy, water gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Slit lamp and water gonioscopy allow convenient observation of the anterior chamber angle, but pose risks of invasive operation and eye infections. UBM can accurately measure the structure of the anterior chamber angle. However, it is complex to operate and unsuitable for patients, who have undergone trauma or ocular surgery. Although AS-OCT provides detailed images, it is costly. The aim of this study is to explore a non-invasive, non-destructive optical reflection tomography (ORT) technique. This technique can achieve low-cost three-dimensional imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of the porcine eye. MethodsThe experiment involved assembling an optical reflection tomography system, which included a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a telecentric system, a stepper motor, and a white light source, achieving a spatial resolution of approximately 8.5 μm. The process required positioning the porcine eye at the center of the field of the imaging system and rotating it around its central axis using a stepper motor. Reflection projection images were captured at each angle with an exposure time of 1.0 ms and an interval of 2°. The collected reflection-projection data were processed using a filtered reflection tomography algorithm, generating a series of two-dimensional slice data. These slices essentially represented cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional structural image, and were reconstructed into a complete three-dimensional structural image. Based on the reconstructed three-dimensional structural image of the porcine eye, the anterior chamber angles at different positions were measured, and a distribution map of these angles was drawn. Simultaneously, the ORT measurements were compared with the standard results obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the accuracy of ORT measurements. ResultsIn this study, we successfully obtained the reflection projection data of a porcine eye using ORT technology, reconstructed its three-dimensional structural image, and measured the anterior chamber angle, generating the corresponding distribution map. To better distinguish the different structural parts of porcine eye, the three-dimensional structural image was marked with blue, green, and yellow dashed lines from the outer to the inner layers. The area between the blue and green dashed lines corresponded to the sclera. The area between the green and yellow dashed lines corresponded to the iris. The area inside the yellow dashed line corresponded to the pupil. The three-dimensional structural image clearly revealed the key anatomical features of the porcine eye. It was able to measure the anterior chamber angle at different positions. Additionally, the anterior chamber angle measurements of the porcine eye using ORT were compared with the measurements obtained using a TEL320C1 type OCT system, showing an average deviation of 0.51° and a mean square error MSE of 0.317. ConclusionORT is a non-invasive, non-destructive, low-cost, and high-resolution imaging technique capable of achieving three-dimensional structural imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of a porcine eye. This technology offers a new perspective for the diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma and is significant for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of eye diseases, potentially benefiting clinics and small hospitals in remote areas in the future.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of implantable D-shant atrial shunt device in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)and right heart failure.A 53-year-old female patient diagnosed with severe idiopathic PAH and right heart failure,her WHO FC grade was Ⅳ.The right heart catheter and implantation of D-shant atrial shunt device were performed under local anesthesia on November 30,2021.A 6 mm×4 cm peripheral artery balloon was selected to dilate the atrial septum and a D-shant atrial shunt device with a fixed 4 mm diameter orifice was implanted into the heart.The clinical symptoms and hemodynamics of the patient was improved after the intervention.Implantation of atrial shunt device as a palliative therapy to established a right to left shunt is another strategy for treating patients with severe PAH in late period,which has good effectiveness and safety.It could be the last replacement therapy to improve symptoms and prolonged lives to drug resistant and severe PAH patients.

Objective　To conduct preliminary research on the prevalence and genotyping of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Hainan Province, to understand the epidemiological characteristics and genotype features of the population infected with urogenital CT, and to provide evidence for the formulation of scientific prevention strategies and measures. Methods　From 2018 to 2022, a total of 5 551 male urethral swabs and female cervical swabs were collected for detection of CT infection by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The OMPL gene was amplified from the DNA of some CT positive individuals by nested PCR, and the positive results were sequenced. Sequencing results were uploaded to BLAST website to find sequence similarity and construct a phylogenetic tree to determine the genotype. Results　Out of the 5 551 tested patients, 846 were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis infection, with a positivity rate of 15.2%, the positive detection rate of CT-DNA was 18.6% in male and 13.4% in female, the positive detection rate of male was higher than that of female. There were statistically significant differences in the CT-DNA positivite detection rate among different age groups (P<0.05), and the highest positivite rate CT-DNA was 58.0% in 20-<30 years old, while it was the lowest, at 1.0%, in those over 50; there were also significant differences in CT-DNA positivity detection rate between seasons (P<0.05), with the highest being 36.4% in the summer and the lowest at 9.6% in the winter. Genotyping of the CT-OMPL gene VS1-VS2 nucleotide sequence in some samples from the Hainan region identified six genotypes, including types D, E, G, F, J, and K, with type F being the main prevalent dominant type. Conclusions　CT infection in Hainan is associated with gender, age, and season, and the genotypes are diversified. It is necessary to further strengthen the screening of CT infection in the reproductive tract of men and women of childbearing age in the future STD prevention and treatment work to improve the fertility rate.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

The study employed network Meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines combined with recombinant human interferon α-2b(interferon) in the treatment of cervical human papillomavirus(HPV) infections. The relevant randomized controlled trial(RCT) published from inception to May 8, 2024 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science. The modified Jadad scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and RevMan 5.4, R 4.3.3, and Stata 17 were used for data analysis. A total of 105 RCTs were included, involving 12 732 participants and 7 Chinese patent medicines: Baofukang Suppository, Compound Seabuckthorn Seed Oil Suppository, Huangqi Shengmai Decoction, Kangfu Gel, Kangfuyan Capsules, Kushen Gel, and Puling Penyankang Granules. Network Meta-analysis yielded the following results:(1)For improving the negative conversion rate of HPV, SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Puling Penyankang Granules + interferon.(2) For shortening vaginal discharge time, SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Compound Seabuckthorn Seed Oil Suppository + interferon.(3) For reducing the serum level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Baofukang Suppository + interferon.(4) For elevating the serum level of CD~+_4 T cells, SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Baofukang Suppository + interferon.(5) For elevating the serum level of CD~+_8 T cells, SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Kangfuyan Capsules + interferon.(6) For improving the CD~+_4/CD~+_8 ratio, SUCRA top-ranked intervention was Compound Seabuckthorn Seed Oil Suppository + interferon.(7)In terms of reducing serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), recurrence rate at 6 months after treatment, and incidence of adverse events, there were no significant differences between the interventions when compared pairwise. The cluster analysis revealed that Puling Penyankang Granules + interferon, Baofukang Suppository + interferon, Kangfu Gel + interferon, and Huangqi Shengmai Decoction + interferon simultaneously improved the negative conversion rate of HPV and reduced the incidence of adverse events. The findings suggested that Chinese patent medicines combined with interferon were effective in treating cervical HPV infection by enhancing the negative conversion rate, shortening the vaginal discharge time, and improving the levels of hs-CRP and T lymphocyte subsets. However, due to the limitations of sample size and quality of the included studies, these conclusions require further validation by studies with larger sample sizes and higher quality.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Interferon alpha-2/administration & dosage* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage* ; Interferon-alpha ; Papillomaviridae/physiology*

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of cytochrome P4502D6 （CYP2D6） and cytochrome P4503A4 （CYP3A4）， key enzymes of drug metabolism in liver， on acute liver injury in water extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （WEOGRR）. MethodHealthy male Kunming mice were divided into normal group， model group， WEOGRR low-， medium- and high-dose groups （5， 10， 15 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and positive drug group （diammonium glycyrrhizinate， 75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 in each group. One week after preventive administration， acute liver injury model was induced by single intragastric administration of 270 mg·kg^-1 Tripterygium Glycosides tablets， and samples were collected after 18 h. The pathological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum liver function indexes including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， γ-glutamyl transpeptadase （γ-GT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and total bilirubin （TBIL） as well as the levels of oxidative stress indexes including malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in hepatocytes were determined by biochemical method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4， respectively. ResultCompared with normal group， model group had significant hepatocyte swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration （P<0.01）， increased AST， ALT， γ-GT， ALP and TBIL （P<0.05）， elevated MDA and decreased SOD （P<0.01） as well as down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the normal group had intact liver structure without obvious abnormality， and the WEOGRR groups and positive drug group presented alleviated hepatocyte swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration （P<0.01）， reduced AST， ALT， γ-GT， ALP and TBIL （P<0.01）， lowered MDA and increased SOD （P<0.01） as well as up-regulated expression levels of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of WEOGRR on acute liver injury induced by Tripterygium glycosides tablets may be related to reducing the contents of AST， ALT， γ-GT， ALP and TBIL in serum， inhibiting MDA and increasing the activity of SOD in liver cells， and enhancing the activities of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4， thus accelerating the metabolism of toxic substances.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence, genotype distribution and hematological characteristics of α,β-thalassaemia carriers in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province. METHODS: 10 809 carriers of simple β-thalassaemia and 1 757 carriers of α,β-thalassaemia were enrolled as our study cohort. The hematological parameters were detected by automated blood cell counters and automatic capillary electrophoresis. Suspension array technology, gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and PCR-reverse dot blot were used for the genotyping of thalassaemia carriers. RESULTS: The prevalence of α,β-thalassaemia in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province was 1.99%. A total of 62 genotypes were detected, and the most prevalent genotype was --^SEA/ αα, β^CD41-42/ β^N (19.29%), the next was --^SEA/ αα, β^IVS-II-654/ β^N (16.73%). Significant differences in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found between different genotype groups for simple β-thalassaemia and α,β-thalassaemia. Violin plots showed that carriers with co-inheritance of β-thalassaemia and mild α-thalassaemia expressed the lightest anemia, and carriers with co-inheritance of β-thalassaemia and hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease expressed the most severe anemia. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of α,β-thalassaemia in Huizhou area of Guangdong Province. Because of the lack of specific hematological makers for diagnosis of α,β-thalassaemia, it is necessary to distinguish it from simple β-thalassaemia by genotyping of α- and β-thalassaemia in order to correctly guide genetic counseling and prenatal disgnosis.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Phenotype ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation

Professor GAO Wei-bin's clinical experience of electric eye acupuncture and stagnant-moving needling for ophthalmopathy was introduced. The indications of electric eye acupuncture and stagnant-moving needling include external ophtalmoplegia and visual impairment. Professor GAO has proposed new acupoints at the ocular muscles attachment of eyeball, and put forward five experience points: Shangming point, Neiming point, Xiaming point, Waiming point and Tijian point. The points are selected according to different pathological changes of ocular muscles. In the treatment of ophthalmopathy, the tendons and vessels are often regulated at the same time. Neiming point, Shangming point, Xiaming point and Qiuhou point are the main points, with Fengchi (GB 20) and Gongxue (Extra) as the matching points. In addition, attention is paid to the application of stagnant-moving needling and electroacupuncture (continuous dense wave, frequency of 50 Hz).
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Eye Diseases ; Humans

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Ruyi Zhenbao pills （RYZBP） on central pain after thalamic stroke in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. MethodThe central post-stroke pain syndrome （CPSP） model was induced by stereotactic injection of type Ⅳ collagenase into the hypothalamus in mice. The mice were divided into a sham group， a model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose RYZBP groups （0.65， 1.3， 2.6 g·kg^-1）， and a pregabalin group （0.075 g·kg^-1）. Seven days after modeling， the mice in the groups with drug intervention were administered with corresponding drugs by gavage according to the body mass， once per day for 25 days， while those in the sham group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. During this period， mechanical pain and cold pain were detected at different time points， and the apoptotic state of brain tissue cells was detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. The 36 classical broad-spectrum inflammatory factors were quantitatively analyzed by liquid-phase chip technology， and differential molecules were screened out and verified by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with sham operation group, mechanical pain threshold and cold sensitive pain threshold in model group were significantly changed （P<0.01）. TUNEL results showed that apoptosis of brain cells was obvious. Western blot and ELISA results showed that the expressions of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) increased in hypothalamus tissue and serum， while the expressions of Ang-2, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-4 decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， RYZBW dose groups significantly increased mechanical pain threshold， decreased cold sensitivity pain threshold， decreased hypothalamus cell apoptosis ratio （P<0.01）， decreased the expression of IL-1α and CCL5 in hypothalamus tissue and serum， while the expression of ANG-2， G-CSF and IL-4 were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionRYZBP can relieve hyperalgesia in CPSP mice， and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory factors IL-1α， CCL5， IL-4， G-CSF， and Ang-2.