ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the Tai Chi training on bone density， bone turnover markers， and heart rate variability for people with high-risk osteoporosis， and to provide evidence for the prevention of osteoporosis at early stage. MethodsSixty-six cases of people with high risk of osteoporosis were included， and they were divided into 33 cases each in the intervention group and the control group using the random number table method. The control group received osteoporosis health education three times a week， and the intervention group received Tai Chi training under the guidance of a trainer three times a week for 40 mins each time on the basis of the control group， and both groups were intervened for 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the bone density of L₁~L₄ vertebrae， bilateral femoral necks and bilateral total hips in the two groups before and after the intervention； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine bone turnover markers before and after the intervention， including pro-collagen type Ⅰ pro-amino-terminal prepropyl peptide （P1NP） and β-collagen type Ⅰ cross-linking carboxy-terminal peptide （β-CTX）. Seven cases with good compliance in the intervention group were selected. After wearing the heart rate sensor， they successively performed Tai Chi training and walking activities recommended by the guideline for 20 mins each， and the heart rate variability （HRV） during exercise was collected， including time-domain indexes such as standard deviation of normal sinus intervals （SDNN）， root-mean-square of the difference between adjacent RR intervals （RMSSD）， frequency-domain metrics such as low-frequency power （LF）， high-frequency power （HF）， and low-frequency/high-frequency power ratio （LF/HF）， as well as nonlinear metrics such as approximate entropy （ApEn）， sample entropy （SampEn）. ResultsFinally， 63 cases were included in the outcome analysis， including 30 cases in the intervention group and 33 cases in the control group. After the intervention， the differences of L₁~L₄ vertebrae， bone density of bilateral femoral neck and bilateral total hip in the intervention group were not statistically significant when compared with those before intervention （P＞0.05）， while the bone density of all parts of the control group decreased significantly compared with that before intervention （P＜0.05）， and the difference in the bone density of the L₁~L₄ vertebrae， bilateral femoral neck， and the right total hip before and after the intervention of the intervention group was smaller than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. The differences in P1NP and β-CTX between groups before and after intervention was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Compared with walking exercise， LF decreased， HF increased and LF/HF decreased during Tai Chi exercise （P＜0.05）； the time domain indexes and non-linear indexes between groups had no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05）. ConclusionTai Chi exercise can maintain lumbar， hip， and femoral bone density and improve sympathetic/parasympathetic balance in people at high risk for osteoporosis， but cannot significantly improve bone turnover markers.

Objective:To investigate the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome and its relation-ship with granulosa cell apoptosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Follicular fluid and ovarian granulosa cells were collected from 17 PCOS patients(PCOS group)and 20 non-PCOS patients(control group),and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factor,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in follicular fluid were detected by ELISA.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to de-tect NLRP3 mRNA and NLRP3 inflammasome associated protein NLRP3,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and autophagy related protein LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 expression level in granulosa cells.TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptotic level of granulosa cells in both groups.NLRP3 silenced siRNA(si-NLRP3)and negative control sequence(si-NC)were transfected into human ovarian cancer granulosa cell line KGN cells by siRNA interference technique in vitro.TNF-α was used to simulate PCOS-related cell damage.KGN cells were divided into 4 groups according to different treatment methods:Ctrl group,TNF-α group,TNF-α+si-NLRP3 group and TNF-α+si-NC group.The levels of DHEA,testosterone,IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant were detected by ELISA.TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis level of KGN cells.The LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62,NLRP3,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 protein expression levels,and NF-κB p-p65 level(NF-κB p-p65/NF-κB p65)in KGN cells were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with con-trol group,the concentration of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18 in follicular fluid of PCOS patients,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,NLRP3 mRNA and the protein expression of NLRP3,ASC,and cleaved caspase-1 in granulosa cells of and apoptosis were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the protein expression of p62 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with Ctrl group,the levels of DHEA,testosterone,IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant of TNF-α group,TNF-α+si-NC group,and TNF-α+si-NLRP3 group,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 protein expression,and the level of NF-κB p-p65 and apoptosis were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while p62 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.01).NLRP3 was significantly decreased except in TNF-α+si-NLRP3 group(P<0.01),while in the TNF-α group and TNF-α+si-NC group was significantly increased(P<0.01).However,com-pared with TNF-α group,the above indexes in TNF-α+si-NLRP3 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and TNF-α+si-NC group had no significant change(P>0.05).Conclusion:The over-activated NLRP3 inflammasome in granulosa cells may promote cell inflammatory injury and autophagy apoptosis in PCOS patients through NF-κB pathway.

To understand the distribution of ticks in the Wuwei Region,enrich tick species data,and provide a basis for the prevention of tick-borne diseases,tick were collected using flagging and tick-picking methods during the highest activity period from April to September in 2021 and 2022 in the mountainous areas of Wuwei City.The ticks were identified based on morpho-logical and molecular biological characteristics,and characteristic sequences were obtained.A systematic evolutionary tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 11.0 software.In total,7 342 ticks collected in Wuwei,which be-longed to 5 species from 4 genera with in the Ixodidae family,which included Dermacentor nuttalli,Hyalomma asiaticum,Ixodes canisuga,Haemaphysalis longicornis and Haema-physalis danieli.Ticks of the same species clustered together into the same branch of an evolutionary tree.In the Wuwei Re-gion,five common tick species are found across various habi-tats,with each habitat featuring different distributions of tick species and populations.The Dermacentor nuttalli is the dom-inant tick species in this area.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product commonly used in food preservation and pharmaceutical applications. Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, is prevalent globally while the impact of AITC on toxoplasmosis is unclear. We explored the effect of AITC on acute toxoplasmosis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with T. gondii type I RH strain following AITC administration. On the 4th day after infection, which corresponds to the initial stage of infection, we collected serum for the determination of inflammatory cytokine levels. The mice serum of the AITC-administered group contained significantly lower levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-23 subunit p19, IL-4, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The lifespan of the mice in the AITC-administered group was significantly reduced. In vitro experiments showed that AITC promoted the proliferation of intracellular T. gondii accompanied by the inhibition of IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that AITC facilitated T. gondii infection in the early stage by inhibiting the production of several inflammatory cytokines.

AIM To investigate the renoprotective effects and mechanism of Caragana sinica roots,Astragali Radix and their combination use on the rat model of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the model group,the Empagliflozin group(10 mg/kg),the C.sinica roots group(3.1 g/kg),the Astragali Radix group(3.1 g/kg),and the C.sinica roots plus Astragali Radix group(6.2 g/kg).In contrast to the intact rats of the normal group,rats of the other groups underwent left nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)followed by 8-week intragastric gavage of the corresponding agent,during which their levels of FBG and 24 h urinary microprotein(24 h U-mAlb)were detected regularly.The rats killed at the end of the trial had their levels of Scr,BUN and Cystatin C detected;their renal pathological changes observed by HE,PAS and Masson stainings;their expressions of macrophage marker proteins CD68 and iNOS detected by immunohistochemistry;their expressions of renal JNK/SAPK pathway proteins such as JNK,p-JNK,TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 detected by Western blot;and their serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 detected by ELISA as well.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the model group displayed increased levels of FBG,24 h U-mAlb,BUN,Scr and Cystatin C(P＜0.01);more renal pathological damage,and increased levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 in the renal tissue and serum(P＜0.01);and increased renal protein expressions of JNK and p-JNK(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,all of the groups intervened with an agent shared decreased levels of FBG,24 h U-mAlb,BUN,Scr and Cystatin C(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);alleviated renal pathological damage,and decreased levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 in renal tissue and serum(P＜0.01).There existed no group difference between the Astragali Radix group and the C.sinica roots group in terms of all indices levels(P＞0.05).The C.sinica roots plus Astragali Radix group demonstrated its superiority over either C.sinica roots group or Astragali Radix group in terms of all the indices levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION C.sinica roots,Astragali Radix or their combination use can alleviate the renal pathological damage and improve the renal function of DKD rats through inhibiting the M1 macrophages,reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors,whose mechanism may lie in the inhibition of JNK/SAPK signal pathway activation.A better effect can be anticipated by the combination use of C.sinica roots and Astragali Radix.

AIM To investigate the impact of the combination use of Caragana sinica Radix and Astragali Radix on a rat model of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the model group,the Engelgin group,the Caragana sinica Radix group,the Astragali Radix group and the Caragana sinica Radix-Astragali Radix compatibility group,with 10 rats in each group.Following the successful establishment of a DKD model by unilateral amputate renal combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ),the corresponding gastric gavage of drugs were administered for 8 weeks.The rats had their 24 h urinary microalbumin(24 h U-mALB)detected at 0,4 and 8 weeks;their levels of Scr,BUN,CysC,MDA and SOD activity detected by ELISA;their renal ROS expression detected by fluorescence probe method;their renal pathological changes observed by HE,PAS,Masson and PASM-Masson staining;their renal expressions of NOX4,Drp1,MFN2 and P62 detected by immunohistochemistry;and their renal expressions of PINK1,MFN2,Parkin,LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ,P62 and p-Drp1 proteins detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,each treatment group displayed lower contents of 24 h U-mALB,BUN,Scr and CysC in the serum of rats(P＜0.01);reduced pathological structure damage of the renal tissue;decreased MDA level in serum and kidney(P＜0.01);increased SOD activity(P＜0.01);increased renal protein expressions of PINK1,MFN2,Parkin and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased protein expressions of p-Drp1 and P62(P＜0.01).And the Astragali Radix group and the Caragana sinica Radix-Astragali Radix compatibility group took the lead(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Upon the rat model of DKD,the compatibility of Caragana sinica Radix and Astragali Radix may alleviate their renal pathological damage and improve their renal function by activating the mitochondrial autophagy to improve mitochondrial dynamics and inhibit their oxidative stress via PINK1/MFN2/Parkin pathway.

Objective To investigate the positive detection and epidemic characteristics of enter ovirus(EV),the pathogen of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD),in Hangzhou,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of HFMD in the future.Methods From January 2016 to December 2022,14 259 positive cases of enterovirus universal nucleic acid detected in Hangzhou Children's Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively by age,gender,detection time and other factors.Results The average positive detection rate of EV was 45.48%(14 259/31 354),among which the positive detection rate of boys was 27.20%and that of girls was 18.28%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The positive detection rate of EV in children of different ages decreased with the increase of age,and the positive detection rate of EV in children under 5 years old accounted for 90.38%of all positive children.Seasonally,enteroviruses were detected throughout the year,but the incidence was high in summer,and the total positive number from May to July accounted for 49.16%of the total detected number.In terms of year,the positive detection rate of EV has shown a downward trend year by year since 2016.Conclusion There are gender differences in enterovirus infection in Hangzhou,and boys are more susceptible to enterovirus infection,especially children under 5 years old need to pay attention to EV protection.In addition,HFMD has a certain seasonality,with a high incidence in summer,and the annual detection rate has declined year by year since 2016,which may be related to the promotion of vaccines and the improvement of health awareness.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is highly heterogeneous with different histopathologic grades. Its biological characteristics and clinical management are different. This study retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG PET-CT metabolic parameters, clinical features, and their relationship with prognosis in 161 FL patients with different histopathological grades (grade 1-2, grade 3A, grade 3B) at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital. There were 93 cases in the grade 1-2 group, 40 cases in the grade 3A group, and 28 cases in the grade 3B group. The expression of LDH, CD10, EZH2, c-Myc, and CD37 proteins was correlated with histological grade (grade 1-2, grade 3A, and grade 3B) (all P values<0.05) . The SUVmax, TLG, TBR, and TLR for the three groups were different (all P values<0.05) . The optimal thresholds of SUVmax, MTV, TLG, TBR, and TLR for predicting FL disease progression were 8.32, 201.31, 2 342.55, 6.56, and 3.52, respectively, and the rate of disease progression increased in patients with higher thresholds (all P value<0.05) . β 2-MG (>2.3 μg/L) , Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index-1 (FLIPI-1) score (3-5 points) , negative CD37 expression, positive c-Myc expression, and TLG (>2 342.55 g) were all independent risk factors for PFS in the FL patients ( HR=3.609, 2.509, 0.255, 3.506, 13.531, all P value<0.05) . 18F-FDG PET-CT is a powerful complement to FL histopathological grading and the combination of the two may better predict the prognosis of FL patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between pen-holding posture, grip strength and myopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 496 school-aged children in grades 1-6, who underwent eye examinations at Shenzhen Eye Hospital from November 2021 to May 2022 were consecutively enrolled as subjects.The subjects' age, grade, sex, refractive error and age of school enrollment were recorded.Subjects' grip strength and pen-holding posture were obtained with an electronic grip strength meter and a tool pen, and subjects were divided into correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group according to their pen-holding posture.Propensity scores for sex, grade, age at school entry, and grip strength in the two groups were matched using the nearest neighbor matching method.Multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis was performed with binocular myopia, monocular myopia, and emmetropia as dependent variables and grip strength, grade, refractive error, and pen-holding posture as independent variables.The correlation between grip strength and spherical equivalent was examined by Spearman rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.2022KYPJ032).Results:After matching propensity scores, there were 101 cases and 197 cases in the correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group, respectively.There was no statistical significance in sex, grade, age at enrollment, and grip strength between the two groups (all at P>0.05).Multinomial logistic regression results showed that using emmetropia as a reference, higher grade (4 versus 1∶7.601[1.307-44.206]; 5 versus 1∶4.392[1.039-18.562]), presence of anisometropia (21.366[5.750-79.397]) were relative risk factors for monocular myopia (all at P<0.05), and higher grade (3 versus 1∶4.389[1.783-10.800]); 4 versus 1∶15.398[3.267-72.574]; 5 versus 1∶7.447[2.232-24.851]; 6 versus 1∶6.462[2.116-19.734]) were relative risk factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).Taking monocular myopia as a reference, higher grade (6 versus 1∶4.582[1.193-17.589]), presence of anisometropia (0.141[0.069-0.289]), and irregular pen-holding posture (2.608[1.340-5.075]) were associated factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).According to partial correlation analysis, the spherical equivalent of the right eye of children with incorrect pen-holding posture was negatively correlated with the grip strength ( rs=-0.141, P=0.047). Conclusions:There is an association between pen-holding posture and myopia in school-aged children.Children with greater grip strength and incorrect pen-holding posture may have higher degrees of right eye refractive error.

Analyzing polysorbate 20(PS20)composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance.The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation,identification,and quantification challenging.In this work,a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with charged aerosol detection(CAD)to separate 18 key components with multiple esters.The separated components were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chro-matography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)with an identical gradient as the HPLC-CAD analysis.The polysorbate compound database and library were expanded over 7-time compared to the commercial database.The method investigated differences in PS20 samples from various origins and grades for different dosage forms to evaluate the composition-process relationship.UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 1329 to 1511 compounds in 4 batches of PS20 from different sources.The method observed the impact of 4 degradation conditions on peak components,identifying stable components and their tendencies to change.HPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS results provided insights into fingerprint differences,distinguishing quasi products.