The scrap management of the level Ⅱ biosafety cabinet in some institution from 2019 to 2021 was introduced.The level l[biosafety cabinet was analyzed in terms of the causes for the failures,service length and the correlation between them.Some suggestions were put forward including standardizing the utilization,maintenance and scrap management of the biosafety cabinet.References were provided for ensuring the biosafety and operation of the laboratory.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):91-94]

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution characteristics of thalassemia genotype in Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province. METHODS: Gap PCR and reverse dot hybridization were used to detect and analyze the thalassemia gene in 572 suspected thalassemia carriers of Han Population in Sanya. RESULTS: Among the 572 Han Population in Sanya, 271 cases of thalassemia gene abnormality were detected, among which 161 cases were founded to be carriers of α-thalassemia gene. A total of 9 genotypes were detected, in the following order of the detection rate was －－^SEA/αα，－α^3.7/αα，－α^4.2/αα，－－^SEA/－α^3.7，－－^SEA/－α^4.2，－α^4.2/－α^4.2，－α^3.7/－α^4.2，－α^3.7/－α^3.7，－－^SEA/－－^SEA. Among them, the deletion type (－－^SEA/αα) in southeast Asia was the most common, accounting for 66 cases. 99 cases of β-thalassemia were detected, there were 7 genotypes, all of which were heterozygous. The order of the detection rate was CD41-42/βN, IVS-II-654/βN, CD17/βN, CD71-72/βN, -28/βN, －29/βN, CD27-28/βN. Among them, CD41-42/βN was the most common, accounting for 51 cases. In addition, 11 cases of combined α and β thalassemia were detected. Five kinds of genotypes were checked out, the order of detection rate was －α^3.7/αα composite CD41-42/βN, －－^SEA/αα composite IVS-II-654/βN, －α^4.2/－α^4.2 composite CD41-42/βN, －α^4.2/αα composite －29/βN , －－^SEA/ －α^4.2 composite CD41-42/βN. CONCLUSION Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province is a high-risk population of thalassemia, the genotype characteristics are different from other areas with high incidence of thalassemia in China. The main type of α-thalassemia is the deficiency mutation of southeast Asia, while CD41-42 heterozygous mutation is the main type of β-thalassemia.
China/epidemiology* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mutation ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; beta-Thalassemia

Objective:To analyze the management and treatment of patients with psychosis in china in 2020 and compare with those in the past five years to provide a reference for making policy and service delivery.Methods:Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the system usage and registration, management, and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis, using the data obtained from 'National Information System for Psychosis′ in China, with date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2020.Results:By the end of 2020, the information system was adopted by 100% of districts/counties. 6 430 587 patients were registered, with a registered rate of 0.46% (6 430 587/1 396 537 459). In 2020, 6 116 599 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary healthcare staff, with a management rate of 95.12% (6 116 599/6 430 587). 5 724 019 patients were followed up regularly, with the regular management rate of 89.01% (5 724 019/6 430 587). Moreover, the medication-taking rate was 87.83% (5 648 162/6 430 587), and the regular medication- taking rate was 68.84% (4 426 498/6 430 587). 5 277 746 patients were stable, and the stable condition rate was 96.40% (5 277 746/5 474 881). Compared with 2019, 200 430 more patients were registered in 2020. The management rate, regular management rate, medication-taking rate, regular medication-taking rate, and stable condition rate were increased by 0.88%, 2.50%, 3.75%, 11.39%, and 1.15%, respectively. The regular medication-taking rate among patients registered in the western region was significantly lower than that in the eastern and central areas ( F=6.317, P=0.005). According to the diagnosis, the duration of the untreated period of patients registered in 2020 with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder with epilepsy, mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 2.69, 3.28, 1.68, 1.92, 4.70, and 9.89 years respectively, which were shorter than patients registered in 2019. Conclusion:The number of registered patients was sustainably growing. The untreated periods of newly registered patients were considerably shorter. The services and treatment situations improved in 2020. Appropriate policies should be developed to address the weaknesses of local mental health services in the western region to improve treatment rates.

Objective:To analyze the management and treatment of patients with psychosis in china in 2020 and compare with those in the past five years to provide a reference for making policy and service delivery.Methods:Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the system usage and registration, management, and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis, using the data obtained from 'National Information System for Psychosis′ in China, with date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2020.Results:By the end of 2020, the information system was adopted by 100% of districts/counties. 6 430 587 patients were registered, with a registered rate of 0.46% (6 430 587/1 396 537 459). In 2020, 6 116 599 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary healthcare staff, with a management rate of 95.12% (6 116 599/6 430 587). 5 724 019 patients were followed up regularly, with the regular management rate of 89.01% (5 724 019/6 430 587). Moreover, the medication-taking rate was 87.83% (5 648 162/6 430 587), and the regular medication- taking rate was 68.84% (4 426 498/6 430 587). 5 277 746 patients were stable, and the stable condition rate was 96.40% (5 277 746/5 474 881). Compared with 2019, 200 430 more patients were registered in 2020. The management rate, regular management rate, medication-taking rate, regular medication-taking rate, and stable condition rate were increased by 0.88%, 2.50%, 3.75%, 11.39%, and 1.15%, respectively. The regular medication-taking rate among patients registered in the western region was significantly lower than that in the eastern and central areas ( F=6.317, P=0.005). According to the diagnosis, the duration of the untreated period of patients registered in 2020 with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder with epilepsy, mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 2.69, 3.28, 1.68, 1.92, 4.70, and 9.89 years respectively, which were shorter than patients registered in 2019. Conclusion:The number of registered patients was sustainably growing. The untreated periods of newly registered patients were considerably shorter. The services and treatment situations improved in 2020. Appropriate policies should be developed to address the weaknesses of local mental health services in the western region to improve treatment rates.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

Objective:To analyze the management and treatment situation for patients with psychosis in China in 2018, and compare with those in 2014-2017, in order to provide a reference for policy making and services delivering.Methods:Descriptive method was used to analyze the system usage and registration, management and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis, using the data obtained from “National Information System for Psychosis” in China and all provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions), date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2018.Results:By the end of 2018, the information system was adapted by 2 832 districts/counties, accounting for 99.23% of the total county-level administrative areas (2 832/2 854). 5 994 054 patients were registered, and registered rate was 0.43% (5 994 054/1 379 837 956). In 2018, 5 688 164 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary health care staffs, and the management rate was 94.90% (5 688 164/5 994 054). 4 956 545 patients were followed up regularly, with the regular management rate of 82.69% (4 956 545/5 994 054). Moreover, 4 873 322 patients were treated by taking antipsychotics, with the medication-taking rate of 81.30% (4 873 322/5 994 054), and 2 504 323 patients took medication regularly, with the regular medication-taking rate of 41.78% (2 504 323/5 994 054); 4 426 558 patients were in stable condition and the stability rate was 80.60% (4 426 558/5 492 261), which was positively correlated with the follow-up rate, regular follow-up rate, medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate( r=0.509, 0.695, 0.403, 0.539, all P<0.05). Comparing with 2017, there were 187 702 more registered patients in 2018 and all indicators above were higher in 2018. Duration of untreated schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder with epilepsy, mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 3.54, 4.61, 2.73, 3.18, 5.35, 13.34 years respectively, and the duration of untreated delusional disorder and mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were shorter than those in 2017. Conclusion:Services for patients with psychosis were significantly improved in 2018. The coverage of the information system was expanded. The number of registered patients was sustainably growing. Patient management and pharmacological treatment have both improved.

Objective:To analyze the management and treatment situation for patients with psychosis in China in 2018, and compare with those in 2014-2017, in order to provide a reference for policy making and services delivering.Methods:Descriptive method was used to analyze the system usage and registration, management and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis, using the data obtained from “National Information System for Psychosis” in China and all provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions), date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2018.Results:By the end of 2018, the information system was adapted by 2 832 districts/counties, accounting for 99.23% of the total county-level administrative areas (2 832/2 854). 5 994 054 patients were registered, and registered rate was 0.43% (5 994 054/1 379 837 956). In 2018, 5 688 164 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary health care staffs, and the management rate was 94.90% (5 688 164/5 994 054). 4 956 545 patients were followed up regularly, with the regular management rate of 82.69% (4 956 545/5 994 054). Moreover, 4 873 322 patients were treated by taking antipsychotics, with the medication-taking rate of 81.30% (4 873 322/5 994 054), and 2 504 323 patients took medication regularly, with the regular medication-taking rate of 41.78% (2 504 323/5 994 054); 4 426 558 patients were in stable condition and the stability rate was 80.60% (4 426 558/5 492 261), which was positively correlated with the follow-up rate, regular follow-up rate, medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate( r=0.509, 0.695, 0.403, 0.539, all P<0.05). Comparing with 2017, there were 187 702 more registered patients in 2018 and all indicators above were higher in 2018. Duration of untreated schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder with epilepsy, mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 3.54, 4.61, 2.73, 3.18, 5.35, 13.34 years respectively, and the duration of untreated delusional disorder and mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were shorter than those in 2017. Conclusion:Services for patients with psychosis were significantly improved in 2018. The coverage of the information system was expanded. The number of registered patients was sustainably growing. Patient management and pharmacological treatment have both improved.

Objective To analyze the management and treatment situation for patients with psychosis in China in 2017,and to compare with those in 2014-2016,in order to provide a reference for policy making and services delivering.Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the system usage,registration,management and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis based upon "China National Information System for Psychosis" in the national and all provincial databases (municipalities,autonomous regions),with the date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2017.Results By the end of 2017,the information system was adapted by 2813 districts/counties,accounting for 98.56％ of the total county-level administrative areas (2 813/2 854).5 806 352 patients were registered with registration rate of 0.424％ (5 806 352/1 370 784 400).In 2017,5 380 249 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary health care staffs with the management rate of 92.66％ (5 380 249/5 806 352).4 346 103 patients were followed up regularly,with the management rate of 74.85％ (4 346 103/5 806 352).Moreover,4 035 323 patients were treated by taking antipsychotics,with the medication-taking rate of 69.50％ (4 035 323/5 806 352),and 2 012 074 patients took medication regularly,with the regular medication-taking rate of 34.65％ (2 012 074/5 806 352);3 924 101 patients were in stable condition with the stabilisation rate of 75.01％ (3 924 101/5 231 235),which was positively correlated with follow-up rate,regular follow-up rate,medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate(r=0.614,0.800,0.550,0.614,all P＜0.05).Comparing with 2016,there were 405 202 more patients registered in 2017 and all indicators above were higher in 2017.Durations of untreated schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,delusional disorder,schizoaffective disorder,psychotic disorder with epilepsy,mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 3.28,4.25,2.78,2.85,4.95,14.31 years respectively,all of which were shorter than 2016.Conclusion Services for patients with psychosis were significantly improved in 2017.The coverage of the information system was expanded.The number of registered patients was sustainably growing.Patient management and medicine-taking were also improved,and the duration of untreated psychosis was shortened.

Objective To analyze the management and treatment situation for patients with psychosis in China in 2017,and to compare with those in 2014-2016,in order to provide a reference for policy making and services delivering.Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the system usage,registration,management and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis based upon "China National Information System for Psychosis" in the national and all provincial databases (municipalities,autonomous regions),with the date traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2017.Results By the end of 2017,the information system was adapted by 2813 districts/counties,accounting for 98.56％ of the total county-level administrative areas (2 813/2 854).5 806 352 patients were registered with registration rate of 0.424％ (5 806 352/1 370 784 400).In 2017,5 380 249 patients were provided with follow-up services by primary health care staffs with the management rate of 92.66％ (5 380 249/5 806 352).4 346 103 patients were followed up regularly,with the management rate of 74.85％ (4 346 103/5 806 352).Moreover,4 035 323 patients were treated by taking antipsychotics,with the medication-taking rate of 69.50％ (4 035 323/5 806 352),and 2 012 074 patients took medication regularly,with the regular medication-taking rate of 34.65％ (2 012 074/5 806 352);3 924 101 patients were in stable condition with the stabilisation rate of 75.01％ (3 924 101/5 231 235),which was positively correlated with follow-up rate,regular follow-up rate,medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate(r=0.614,0.800,0.550,0.614,all P＜0.05).Comparing with 2016,there were 405 202 more patients registered in 2017 and all indicators above were higher in 2017.Durations of untreated schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,delusional disorder,schizoaffective disorder,psychotic disorder with epilepsy,mental retardation with psychotic symptoms were 3.28,4.25,2.78,2.85,4.95,14.31 years respectively,all of which were shorter than 2016.Conclusion Services for patients with psychosis were significantly improved in 2017.The coverage of the information system was expanded.The number of registered patients was sustainably growing.Patient management and medicine-taking were also improved,and the duration of untreated psychosis was shortened.

Objective To analyze the management and treatment situation for patients with psychosis in China in 2016,and compare with those data in 2014 and 2015,in order to provide a reference for policy making and services delivering.Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the information system usage and the demographic characteristics,registration,management and treatment situation of the patients with psychosis.Data was obtained from ‘National Information System for Psychosis’ and traced from 1st August 2011 to 31st December 2016.Results By the end of 2016,the information system was applied by 2 801 counties (98.14％,2 801/2 854) to register patients with psychosis in China,5401 150 patients were registered,and prevalence of registered psychosis was 3.96‰ (5 401 150/1 362 466 686).In 2016,4 873 977 patients received the follow-up services by primary health care workers,and 3 665 720 patients were followed up regularly (at least once per 3 months).The follow-up rate and regular follow-up rate were 90.24％ (4 873 977/5 401 150) and 67.87％ (3 665 720/5 401 150) respectively.Moreover,2 528 143 patients were treated by antipsychotics,and 1 594 562 patients took medication regularly (according to the prescriptions).The medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate were 51.87％ (2528 143/4873977) and 32.72％ (1 594562/4873977) respectively.3 265 761 patients were in stable condition during the whole year and the rate of being stable was 68.68％ (3 265 761/4 754 801),which was positively correlated with follow-up rate,regular follow-up rate,medication-taking rate and regular medication-taking rate(r=0.578,0.733,0.495,0.536,all P＜0.05).Comparing with 2015,there are extra 27 counties and 479 645 more registered patients in 2016 and all indicators above were higher in 2016.Duration of untreated schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,delusional disorder,schizoaffective disorder,psychotic disorder with epilepsy,mental retardation with psychotic symptoms was 3.89,4.40,3.06,3.01,5.64,16.56 years respectively,all of which were shorter than 2015.Conclusions Services for patients with psychosis were significantly improved in 2016.The coverage of the system was expanded and the number of registered patients increased sustainably,and at the same time the duration of untreated psychosis decreased continuously with better management and treatment.