Objective To understand the current status of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent isolated CABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital in 2023 were collected. All patients returned to our hospital approximately one year after surgery (10-13 months) for a lipid level recheck. We analyzed their LDL-C attainment status and influencing factors. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their LDL-C met the target: a LDL-C attainment group and a LDL-C non-attainment group. Results This study included 1456 patients who underwent CABG, including 320 females and 1136 males, with an average age of (61.41±9.12) years. One year post-surgery, 234 patients achieved the LDL-C target, with an attainment rate of 16.07%. The proportion of patients in the LDL-C attainment group who were ultra-high risk (77.35% vs. 92.06%, P＜0.001), female (16.24% vs. 23.08%, P=0.021), and those with comorbid hypertension (55.98% vs. 63.18%, P=0.038) was significantly lower than those in the LDL-C non-attainment group. Additionally, the baseline body mass index (BMI) [(25.37±3.24) kg/m2 vs. (26.03±3.56) kg/m2, P=0.017], total cholesterol levels [(3.30±0.84) mmol/L vs. (4.01±1.03) mmol/L, P＜0.001], LDL-C [(1.62±0.63) mmol/L vs. (2.25±0.85) mmol/L, P＜0.001], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(0.98±0.26) mmol/L vs. (1.02±0.24) mmol/L, P=0.049] upon admission in the attainment group were all lower than those in the non-attainment group. Moreover, the lipid-lowering drug usage rate in the attainment group (100.00% vs. 96.24%, P=0.003) and the proportion using two types of drugs together (25.21% vs. 10.72%, P＜0.001) were both higher than those in the non-attainment group, while the statin monotherapy rate was lower than that in the non-attainment group (74.79% vs. 85.19%, P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline BMI (OR=0.928, P=0.012) and baseline LDL-C levels (OR=0.207, P<0.001), patient cardiovascular risk stratification (OR=0.155, P<0.001) and lipid-lowering drug treatment regimen (OR=3.758, P<0.001) are significant factors affecting the LDL-C control status. Conclusion The LDL-C compliance rate of patients undergoing CABG is at a relatively low level 1 year after surgery. Patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high baseline LDL-C levels, and overweight or obesity should be strengthened lipid management. For these patients, the intensity of lipid-lowering drug use or combination medication should be increased upon discharge.

Objective To understand mosquito density, species composition, and seasonal variations around the Beijing Capital International Airport(BCIA)and provide scientific evidence for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Meteorological data were collected from 2016 to 2022, and mosquito density was monitored at seven surveillance sites around the BCIA from May to October each year using CO2-baited mosquito traps to analyze the relationship between mosquito density and meteorological factors. Results In total,68 518 female mosquitoes were captured, with a mosquito density of 10.20 per light · hour. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens(73.90%), followed by Aedes albopictus(9.71%)and Ae. vexans(9.29%);the mosquito density was highest in 2016(14.8 per light·hour)and lowest in 2022(4.46 per light·hour). Significant statistical differences were observed in mosquito density among different species(F=18.118, P<0.05). The density of Cx. pipiens pallens and other mosquito species showed a mutually exclusive trend; the peak of mosquito density varied based on years and habitats, with significant statistical differences in mosquito density among different habitats(F=8.504, P<0.05). The highest mosquito density was observed near the Wenyu River(21.50 per light·hour), whereas the lowest was recorded at the BCIA construction site(2.44 per light· hour). The monthly average temperature(r=0.595), monthly average highest temperature(r=0.575), and monthly average lowest temperature(r=0.624)showed moderate positive correlations, whereas the monthly average air pressure(r=-0.484)showed a moderate negative correlation. The monthly average minimum temperature was included in the regression model(F=25.575, P<0.000), and the equation Y=1.029X4-8.181 was used. The monthly average air pressure 2 months prior(b=-2.418, β=-1.619, P<0.05)and the monthly average relative humidity(b=-0.739, β=-1.201, P<0.05)significantly negatively predicted the mosquito density. Notably, the regression equation used was y=2526.170+(-2.418)X9+(-0.739)X13. The exposure-response analysis revealed that the density of mosquitoes was not linearly related to the average monthly air pressure, rainfall, and duration of sunshine. Conclusions The dominant mosquito species around the BCIA was Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. vexans. During the control of Cx. pipiens pallens, the impact on other mosquito species must also be considered. Environmental management, breeding sites, and scientific use of pesticides should be prioritized based on the activity periods of mosquitoes. Further studies on mosquitoes and meteorological factors should be conducted to provide references and novel avenues for mosquito control.

ObjectiveObesity has been identified as one of the most important risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Physical exercise can ameliorate learning and memory deficits by reversing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and cortex in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we aimed to determine whether 8 weeks of treadmill exercise could alleviate hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and investigate the potential mechanisms involved. MethodsA total of sixty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, weighing between 20-30 g, were randomly assigned to 3 distinct groups, each consisting of 20 mice. The groups were designated as follows: control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet with exercise (HFD-Ex). Prior to the initiation of the treadmill exercise protocol, the HFD and HFD-Ex groups were fed a high-fat diet (60% fat by kcal) for 20 weeks. The mice in the HFD-Ex group underwent treadmill exercise at a speed of 8 m/min for the first 10 min, followed by 12 m/min for the subsequent 50 min, totally 60 min of exercise at a 0° slope, 5 d per week, for 8 weeks. We employed Y-maze and novel object recognition tests to assess hippocampus-dependent memory and utilized immunofluorescence, Western blot, Golgi staining, and ELISA to analyze axon length, dendritic complexity, number of spines, the expression of c-fos, doublecortin (DCX), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (Syn), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the number of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) positive cells. ResultsMice with HFD-induced obesity exhibit hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, and treadmill exercise can prevent memory decline in these mice. The expression of DCX was significantly decreased in the HFD-induced obese mice compared to the control group (P<0.001). Treadmill exercise increased the expression of c-fos (P<0.001) and DCX (P=0.001) in the hippocampus of the HFD-induced obese mice. The axon length (P<0.001), dendritic complexity (P<0.001), the number of spines (P<0.001) and the expression of PSD95 (P<0.001) in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the HFD-induced obese mice compared to the control group. Treadmill exercise increased the axon length (P=0.002), dendritic complexity(P<0.001), the number of spines (P<0.001) and the expression of PSD95 (P=0.001) of the hippocampus in the HFD-induced obese mice. Our study found a significant increase in MHC-II positive cells (P<0.001) and the concentration of IL-1β (P<0.001) in the hippocampus of HFD-induced obese mice compared to the control group. Treadmill exercise was found to reduce the number of MHC-II positive cells (P<0.001) and the concentration of IL-1β (P<0.001) in the hippocampus of obese mice induced by a HFD. ConclusionTreadmill exercise led to enhanced neurogenesis and neuroplasticity by increasing the axon length, dendritic complexity, dendritic spine numbers, and the expression of PSD95 and DCX, decreasing the number of MHC-II positive cells and neuroinflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, we speculate that exercise may serve as a non-pharmacologic method that protects against HFD-induced hippocampus-dependent memory dysfunction by enhancing neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of obese mice.

Background Air pollution exposure has a significant impact on maternal and child health. However, the research on the association between ambient ozone (O₃) exposure during pregnancy and the risk of premature birth in newborns is limited, and the conclusions are inconsistent. Objective To investigate the association of ambient O₃ exposure during pregnancy with the risk of preterm birth in Guangdong Province. Methods Data of pregnant women in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2019 and Foshan from 2018 to 2023 were collected, and O₃ concentrations during different trimesters were assessed according to maternal residential addresses. Bilinear interpolation was used to evaluate the concentrations of air pollution. A cohort study design was adopted in our study. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to evaluate the exposure-response relationship between O₃ exposure and preterm birth risk and explore potential exposure threshold of O₃. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of O₃ exposure with preterm birth. Results A total of 702 924 pregnant women were included in this study, of whom 43 051 (6.12%) were preterm. The average O₃ exposure concentrations of pregnant women during the first, second, third, and whole trimesters were 95.51, 97.51, 100.60, and 97.87 μg·m⁻³, respectively. We observed J-shaped associations between O₃ exposure and preterm birth risk during the second, third, and whole trimesters of pregnancy using restricted cubic spline curves. This study found that there were threshold concentrations between O₃ exposure and preterm birth risk during different gestational periods, and the threshold concentrations in the first, second, third, and whole trimesters were 112.32, 99.83, 111.74, and 112.46 μg·m⁻³, respectively. During the second, third, and whole trimesters of pregnancy, after adjusting for maternal age, baby sex, pre-pregnancy body mass index, mode of delivery, baby birth weight, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension, the odds ratios (OR) of preterm birth were 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.04), 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.03), and 1.17 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.21) for each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in O₃ concentration above the O₃ threshold. No significant association was found between O₃ exposure and the risk of preterm birth during the first trimester. Conclusion There is a nonlinear association between the risk of preterm birth and O₃ exposure during pregnancy, and higher concentrations of O₃ exposure during pregnancy are associated with the risk of preterm birth. Above the O₃ threshold concentration during pregnancy, especially during the second, third, and whole trimesters, the risk of preterm birth elevates with the increase of O₃ exposure concentrations.

Objective:To study the current situation of the operating room nurses′ flourishing, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion between forgiveness and flourishing, so as to provide a basis for improving the level of flourishing of operating room nurses.Methods:From September to November 2023, a total of 1 182 operating room nurses from 20 hospitals in Henan province were investigated by convenient sampling method. General data questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Self-Compassion Scale and the Flourishing Scale were used to conduct an online cross-sectional survey. The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between forgiveness and flourishing was analyzed.Results:A total of 1 182 valid questionnaires were collected, including 261 males and 921 females. The age ranged from 21 to 54 (33.21 ± 5.72) years. In operating room nurses, the score of the forgiveness was (111.88 ± 18.77) points, the score of the self-compassion was (76.60 ± 10.75) points, the score of the flourishing was (43.48 ± 8.72) points. Forgiveness was positively correlated with self-warmth and flourishing ( r=0.545, 0.590, both P<0.05), forgiveness was negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.365, P<0.05). The flourishing was positively correlated with self-warmth ( r=0.608, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.509, P<0.05). self-warmth and self-cold played a mediating role between forgiveness and flourishing. The indirect effects of self-warmth and self-cold were 23.97% and 20.93% of the total mediating effects. Conclusions:The level of flourishing of the operating room nurses is at a relatively high level. Nurses′ forgiveness can affect their flourishing directly as well as indirectly through self-warmth and self-cold.

Objective:To systematically analyze the risk factors for knee injury complicated with adolescent tibial tubercle fractures (ATTF).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of the 90 adolescent patients (the observation group) who had been treated and fully followed up for knee injury complicated with ATTF at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second General Hospital of Fuzhou from September 2017 to April 2024. There were 86 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 14.0 (13.0, 14.0) years. The injury was on the left side in 51 cases, on the right side in 34 ones, and on the bilateral sides in 5 ones. All their injuries resulted from sports activities. In addition, another contemporary 90 patients with knee injury but no exercise-induced ATTF were enrolled as the control group, including 54 males and 36 females with a mean age of 14.0 (13.0, 14.3) years. Their injury was on the left side in 45 cases, on the right side in 41 ones, and on the bilateral sides in 4 ones. Univariate analysis was conducted to compare gender, age, injury side, height, weight, body mass index, history of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD), and injury mechanism between the 2 groups. Variables with P<0.1 were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen independent risk factors for ATTF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate their predictive values. The optimal cutoff value was determined by Youden index. Results:The univariate analysis showed that gender, height, weight, body mass index, and OSD history were significantly correlated with the occurrence of ATTF ( P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that male ( P=0.017), height ( P=0.021), weight ( P=0.014), body mass index ( P=0.032) and history of OSD ( P=0.003) were independent risk factors for ATTF. The ROC curve analysis showed that weight had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in prediction of the ATTF risk, suggesting that its predictive value was the most significant. Conclusion:Male, height, weight, body mass index, and prior OSD are independent risk factors for ATTF, with the highest predictive value in weight.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of serum glutathione reductase(GR),superoxide dismutase(SOD),cystatin C(Cys-C),homocysteine(Hcy)and lipoprotein a[Lp(a)]levels in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS),and to provide a reference for improving the prognosis of CIS patients.Methods 126 patients with CIS admitted to the 980th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from June 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the observation group,another 126 healthy individuals were selected as the control group at a ratio of 1:1.The expression levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in the two groups were detected and compared after admission and during physical examination.The degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS was classified into mild(NIHSS:2～4 points,n=35),moderate(NIHSS:5～15 points,n=47),moderate-severe(NIHSS:16～20 points,n=26)and severe(NIHSS:21～42 points,n=18)according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS).The expression of serum GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in patients with different degrees of neurological deficit was compared,and the correlation between each indicator and the degree of neurological deficit was analyzed.The observation group received intravenous thrombolytic therapy after admission and was re-examined one day after thrombolysis.After treatment,follow-up visits were conducted for 28 days.According to the patient's condition(modified Rankin scale),patients were divided into good prognosis(n=94)and poor prognosis groups(n=32).The levels of each indicator in patients with different prognoses were compared,and the predictive value of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)expression for poor prognosis and early warning were analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum GR(48.54±3.07U/L)and SOD(157.17±25.47U/ml)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(61.68±3.15U/L,203.63±18.31U/ml),while the expression levels of Cys-C(1.24±0.28mg/L),Hcy(15.21±1.62μmol/L)and Lp(a)(386.53±52.16mg/L)were higher than those in the control group(0.82±0.23mg/L,9.58±0.60μmol/L,257.83±45.34mg/L),with statistically significant differences(t=13.011～36.582,all P<0.05).As the disease progressed,the expression levels of GR and SOD gradually decreased,while the expression levels of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)gradually increased,with statistically significant differences(F=14.685～197.041,all P<0.05).Spearman analysis,GR and SOD were negatively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=-0.814,-0.753,all P<0.05),while Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=0.647,0.782,0.724,all P<0.05).The expression of GR and SOD in patients with good prognosis at admission and 1 day after thrombolysis was higher than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=9.109,6.338;2.934,4.358,all P<0.05),while the expression of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)was lower than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=5.246,5.118,8.561;4.636,5.298,7.461,all P<0.05).The AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at admission was 0.898(0.832～0.945),and the AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis was 0.931(0.871～0.968).The RR(95%CI)values caused by the expression of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis were 2.868(1.594～5.161),3.194(1.807～5.645),0.155(0.082～0.291),0.150(0.071～0.319)and 0.227(0.119～0.435).Conclusion Abnormal changes in the levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)are closely related to the degree of neurological deficit and prognosis in patients with CIS.Early combined detection of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)levels has high predictive value and early warning for evaluating the poor prognosis of patients with CIS.

This study assessed the role and mechanism of the recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Gue?rin vaccine(rBCG)with c-di-AMP adjuvant in regulating metabolism and immunity in epididymal white adipose(eWAT)in mice.Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously immunized with BCG and rBCG,and their body weights were monitored.eWAT was isolated from the mice,and the stromal vascular fractions(SVFs)cell number was counted with a hemocytometer.Sections of mouse adipose tissue were prepared,and the size,number,and morphology of eWAT adipocytes and crown-like structure(CLS)formation were compared under a microscope after HE staining.The transcription levels of lipid metabolism-associated factors,cytokines and aging-associated genes in each group were determined with qRT-PCR.The body weights of mice gradually increased after immunization with BCG and rBCG.The proportions of eWAT increased,and the SVFs cell number decreased,in rBCG immunized mice.HE staining indicated that BCG immunization promoted hyperplasia,whereas rBCG immunization promoted hypertrophy of eWAT adipocytes;moreover,both BCG and rBCG immunization induced CLS formation in eWAT.The qRT-PCR results indicated that rBCG immunization inhibited the expression of genes associated with lipolysis and energy expenditure in eWAT.BCG immunization had little effect on cytokine transcription,whereas rBCG significantly induced the transcription of IFN-γ and IL-1Ra,and inhibited that of IL-15 and IL-2,but did not induce the expression of aging-associated genes.Thus,rBCG immunization induced eWAT adipocyte hypertrophy,which was associated with the inhibition of eWAT lipolysis and the regulation of cytokine expression.

Objective:This study aims to explore the job preferences of county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)personnel and to provide a basis for the development of effective incentive mechanisms.Methods:This study used a combination of stratified sampling and latent class sampling to investigate 1 809 respondents from 56 county-level CDCs in Shandong Province,Hubei Province,and Guizhou Province.Data were analysed using a mixed logit model and a latent class model,and willingness to pay was calculated.Results:The results of the mixed logit model showed that,all attributes and their levels had a significant influence(P<0.05),with establishment being the most important motivating factor(β=2.249).In the latent class model,respondents were divided into three categories.The main differences between the three classes were the choice of exit options and differences in preferences for job attributes.Conclusion:County-level CDC personnel preferred jobs with higher incomes,very good benefit levels,establishment,low workload,better recognition and respect from the public,more opportunities for career advancement,and abundant training opportunities.It is recommended that the total number of establishment should be rationally controlled and dynamically adjusted to balance the differences between working conditions within and outside the establishment;that a comprehensive approach should be adopted to improve both hygiene and motivation factors;and that different incentives should be adopted for different categories of CDC staff. Those who are willing to make a change should be provided with more opportunities for training and career advancement.

Post-stroke spasticity is a series of symptoms after stroke,such as hand and foot urgency,unflexion and extension of muscles,etc.In order to deeply understand the cognition of post-stroke spasticity of ancient Chinese physicians and comb out their therapeutic thoughts,this study took the General Catalogue of Chinese Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a bibliographic reference,all the ancient Chinese literature on spasms after stroke was retrieved manually and by computer,and then sorted and analyzed,and classified them by longitudinal time,and extracted the description about post-stroke spasticity,including medical classics,prescriptions,clinical evidence,medical records and so on.And this paper verified and summarized the etiology,pathogenesis,functional and indications and prescription characteristics of spasticity after stroke,in order to deeply understand systematic theories and treatment ideas of the ancient medical practitioners in the bud,development and mature stages of their understanding of spasticity after stroke,and provide the theoretical basis for the later doctors to understand this disease and the modern clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.