OBJECTIVE: The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory. We analyzed the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM _2.5 concentrations from 2012 to 2016. Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility, and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017, after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015. National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China, with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM _2.5 and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Individuals exposed to the highest PM _2.5 concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM _2.5 concentration group ( OR, 1.603; 95% CI [1.626-1.635], P < 0.0001) and in the nonsmoking group ( OR, 1.248; 95% CI [1.244-1.252]; P < 0.0001). Moderate PM _2.5 exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment. High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia, so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns. CONCLUSION High-level PM _2.5 exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Lowering the ambient PM _2.5, and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.
Humans ; Dementia/etiology* ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the genetic differences among different populations based on 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core.Methods Data of 13 autosomal STR loci(CSF1PO,FGA,THO1,TPOX,vWA,D3S1358,D5S818,D7S820,D8S1179,D13S317,D16S539,D18S51,D21S11)were collected from 95 populations in scientific journals between 1999 and 2021,soursed from the PubMed database,which had been published.Allele frequencies of loci were sorted out and forensic genetic parameters including gene differentiation coefficient(Gst),total heterozygosity(Ht),subpopula-tion heterozygosity(Hs)values,and Nei's DA genetic distance were calculated.Principal component analysis,phylogenetic tree,and multidimensional scale analysis were conducted to assess population ge-netic structure.Results A total of 265 alleles were detected at the 13 STR loci in these 95 popula-tions.The mean values of Gst,Ht,and Hs were 0.023 247,0.797 915 and 0.779 365.Population genetic analyses reflected significant differences among populations from Asia,Africa and Europe.In Asian populations,there was a certain degree of distinction between mainland and island populations;the Han population showed a certain degree of distinction with surrounding populations in mainland;while within the Han population,there were two distinct clusters formed by the northern Han and the south-ern Han.Conclusion The 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core demonstrate potential value for popu-lation identification across different groups,and may be used for the differentiation of ethnic groups,among different continental populations.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) capable of clearing heat and removing toxin is most commonly used in clinical practice and has the effect of removing fire-heat and toxin. Studies have shown that most of the Ilex plants have the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin, among which the varieties of I. cornuta, I. pubescens, I. rotunda, I. latifolia, and I. chinensis are most widely used. These plants generally contain triterpenoids and their glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical components, especially pentacyclic triterpenoids. According to their skeletons, pentacyclic triterpenoids can be divided into the oleanane type, the ursane type, the lupinane type, etc. Among them, ursane-type components are the most abundant, and 136 species have been found so far. These components have been proved to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombosis, cardiomyocyte-protective, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign literature on Ilex plants with a focus on the research progress on pentacyclic triterpenoids and their pharmacological activities, aiming to provide reference for the development of TCM resources with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin.
Ilex/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals

Objective To explore the prognostic value of serum glutathione reductase(GR),superoxide dismutase(SOD),cystatin C(Cys-C),homocysteine(Hcy)and lipoprotein a[Lp(a)]levels in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS),and to provide a reference for improving the prognosis of CIS patients.Methods 126 patients with CIS admitted to the 980th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from June 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the observation group,another 126 healthy individuals were selected as the control group at a ratio of 1:1.The expression levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in the two groups were detected and compared after admission and during physical examination.The degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS was classified into mild(NIHSS:2～4 points,n=35),moderate(NIHSS:5～15 points,n=47),moderate-severe(NIHSS:16～20 points,n=26)and severe(NIHSS:21～42 points,n=18)according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS).The expression of serum GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in patients with different degrees of neurological deficit was compared,and the correlation between each indicator and the degree of neurological deficit was analyzed.The observation group received intravenous thrombolytic therapy after admission and was re-examined one day after thrombolysis.After treatment,follow-up visits were conducted for 28 days.According to the patient's condition(modified Rankin scale),patients were divided into good prognosis(n=94)and poor prognosis groups(n=32).The levels of each indicator in patients with different prognoses were compared,and the predictive value of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)expression for poor prognosis and early warning were analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum GR(48.54±3.07U/L)and SOD(157.17±25.47U/ml)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(61.68±3.15U/L,203.63±18.31U/ml),while the expression levels of Cys-C(1.24±0.28mg/L),Hcy(15.21±1.62μmol/L)and Lp(a)(386.53±52.16mg/L)were higher than those in the control group(0.82±0.23mg/L,9.58±0.60μmol/L,257.83±45.34mg/L),with statistically significant differences(t=13.011～36.582,all P<0.05).As the disease progressed,the expression levels of GR and SOD gradually decreased,while the expression levels of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)gradually increased,with statistically significant differences(F=14.685～197.041,all P<0.05).Spearman analysis,GR and SOD were negatively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=-0.814,-0.753,all P<0.05),while Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=0.647,0.782,0.724,all P<0.05).The expression of GR and SOD in patients with good prognosis at admission and 1 day after thrombolysis was higher than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=9.109,6.338;2.934,4.358,all P<0.05),while the expression of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)was lower than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=5.246,5.118,8.561;4.636,5.298,7.461,all P<0.05).The AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at admission was 0.898(0.832～0.945),and the AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis was 0.931(0.871～0.968).The RR(95%CI)values caused by the expression of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis were 2.868(1.594～5.161),3.194(1.807～5.645),0.155(0.082～0.291),0.150(0.071～0.319)and 0.227(0.119～0.435).Conclusion Abnormal changes in the levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)are closely related to the degree of neurological deficit and prognosis in patients with CIS.Early combined detection of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)levels has high predictive value and early warning for evaluating the poor prognosis of patients with CIS.

Objective:This study aims to explore the job preferences of county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)personnel and to provide a basis for the development of effective incentive mechanisms.Methods:This study used a combination of stratified sampling and latent class sampling to investigate 1 809 respondents from 56 county-level CDCs in Shandong Province,Hubei Province,and Guizhou Province.Data were analysed using a mixed logit model and a latent class model,and willingness to pay was calculated.Results:The results of the mixed logit model showed that,all attributes and their levels had a significant influence(P<0.05),with establishment being the most important motivating factor(β=2.249).In the latent class model,respondents were divided into three categories.The main differences between the three classes were the choice of exit options and differences in preferences for job attributes.Conclusion:County-level CDC personnel preferred jobs with higher incomes,very good benefit levels,establishment,low workload,better recognition and respect from the public,more opportunities for career advancement,and abundant training opportunities.It is recommended that the total number of establishment should be rationally controlled and dynamically adjusted to balance the differences between working conditions within and outside the establishment;that a comprehensive approach should be adopted to improve both hygiene and motivation factors;and that different incentives should be adopted for different categories of CDC staff. Those who are willing to make a change should be provided with more opportunities for training and career advancement.

Objective:To study the current situation of the operating room nurses′ flourishing, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion between forgiveness and flourishing, so as to provide a basis for improving the level of flourishing of operating room nurses.Methods:From September to November 2023, a total of 1 182 operating room nurses from 20 hospitals in Henan province were investigated by convenient sampling method. General data questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Self-Compassion Scale and the Flourishing Scale were used to conduct an online cross-sectional survey. The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between forgiveness and flourishing was analyzed.Results:A total of 1 182 valid questionnaires were collected, including 261 males and 921 females. The age ranged from 21 to 54 (33.21 ± 5.72) years. In operating room nurses, the score of the forgiveness was (111.88 ± 18.77) points, the score of the self-compassion was (76.60 ± 10.75) points, the score of the flourishing was (43.48 ± 8.72) points. Forgiveness was positively correlated with self-warmth and flourishing ( r=0.545, 0.590, both P<0.05), forgiveness was negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.365, P<0.05). The flourishing was positively correlated with self-warmth ( r=0.608, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.509, P<0.05). self-warmth and self-cold played a mediating role between forgiveness and flourishing. The indirect effects of self-warmth and self-cold were 23.97% and 20.93% of the total mediating effects. Conclusions:The level of flourishing of the operating room nurses is at a relatively high level. Nurses′ forgiveness can affect their flourishing directly as well as indirectly through self-warmth and self-cold.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of serum glutathione reductase(GR),superoxide dismutase(SOD),cystatin C(Cys-C),homocysteine(Hcy)and lipoprotein a[Lp(a)]levels in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS),and to provide a reference for improving the prognosis of CIS patients.Methods 126 patients with CIS admitted to the 980th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from June 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the observation group,another 126 healthy individuals were selected as the control group at a ratio of 1:1.The expression levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in the two groups were detected and compared after admission and during physical examination.The degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS was classified into mild(NIHSS:2～4 points,n=35),moderate(NIHSS:5～15 points,n=47),moderate-severe(NIHSS:16～20 points,n=26)and severe(NIHSS:21～42 points,n=18)according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS).The expression of serum GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)in patients with different degrees of neurological deficit was compared,and the correlation between each indicator and the degree of neurological deficit was analyzed.The observation group received intravenous thrombolytic therapy after admission and was re-examined one day after thrombolysis.After treatment,follow-up visits were conducted for 28 days.According to the patient's condition(modified Rankin scale),patients were divided into good prognosis(n=94)and poor prognosis groups(n=32).The levels of each indicator in patients with different prognoses were compared,and the predictive value of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)expression for poor prognosis and early warning were analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum GR(48.54±3.07U/L)and SOD(157.17±25.47U/ml)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(61.68±3.15U/L,203.63±18.31U/ml),while the expression levels of Cys-C(1.24±0.28mg/L),Hcy(15.21±1.62μmol/L)and Lp(a)(386.53±52.16mg/L)were higher than those in the control group(0.82±0.23mg/L,9.58±0.60μmol/L,257.83±45.34mg/L),with statistically significant differences(t=13.011～36.582,all P<0.05).As the disease progressed,the expression levels of GR and SOD gradually decreased,while the expression levels of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)gradually increased,with statistically significant differences(F=14.685～197.041,all P<0.05).Spearman analysis,GR and SOD were negatively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=-0.814,-0.753,all P<0.05),while Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in patients with CIS(r=0.647,0.782,0.724,all P<0.05).The expression of GR and SOD in patients with good prognosis at admission and 1 day after thrombolysis was higher than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=9.109,6.338;2.934,4.358,all P<0.05),while the expression of Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)was lower than that in patients with poor prognosis(t=5.246,5.118,8.561;4.636,5.298,7.461,all P<0.05).The AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at admission was 0.898(0.832～0.945),and the AUC(95%CI)of combined prediction of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis was 0.931(0.871～0.968).The RR(95%CI)values caused by the expression of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)at 1 day after thrombolysis were 2.868(1.594～5.161),3.194(1.807～5.645),0.155(0.082～0.291),0.150(0.071～0.319)and 0.227(0.119～0.435).Conclusion Abnormal changes in the levels of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)are closely related to the degree of neurological deficit and prognosis in patients with CIS.Early combined detection of GR,SOD,Cys-C,Hcy and Lp(a)levels has high predictive value and early warning for evaluating the poor prognosis of patients with CIS.

Objective:This study aims to explore the job preferences of county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)personnel and to provide a basis for the development of effective incentive mechanisms.Methods:This study used a combination of stratified sampling and latent class sampling to investigate 1 809 respondents from 56 county-level CDCs in Shandong Province,Hubei Province,and Guizhou Province.Data were analysed using a mixed logit model and a latent class model,and willingness to pay was calculated.Results:The results of the mixed logit model showed that,all attributes and their levels had a significant influence(P<0.05),with establishment being the most important motivating factor(β=2.249).In the latent class model,respondents were divided into three categories.The main differences between the three classes were the choice of exit options and differences in preferences for job attributes.Conclusion:County-level CDC personnel preferred jobs with higher incomes,very good benefit levels,establishment,low workload,better recognition and respect from the public,more opportunities for career advancement,and abundant training opportunities.It is recommended that the total number of establishment should be rationally controlled and dynamically adjusted to balance the differences between working conditions within and outside the establishment;that a comprehensive approach should be adopted to improve both hygiene and motivation factors;and that different incentives should be adopted for different categories of CDC staff. Those who are willing to make a change should be provided with more opportunities for training and career advancement.

Objective:To study the current situation of the operating room nurses′ flourishing, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion between forgiveness and flourishing, so as to provide a basis for improving the level of flourishing of operating room nurses.Methods:From September to November 2023, a total of 1 182 operating room nurses from 20 hospitals in Henan province were investigated by convenient sampling method. General data questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Self-Compassion Scale and the Flourishing Scale were used to conduct an online cross-sectional survey. The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between forgiveness and flourishing was analyzed.Results:A total of 1 182 valid questionnaires were collected, including 261 males and 921 females. The age ranged from 21 to 54 (33.21 ± 5.72) years. In operating room nurses, the score of the forgiveness was (111.88 ± 18.77) points, the score of the self-compassion was (76.60 ± 10.75) points, the score of the flourishing was (43.48 ± 8.72) points. Forgiveness was positively correlated with self-warmth and flourishing ( r=0.545, 0.590, both P<0.05), forgiveness was negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.365, P<0.05). The flourishing was positively correlated with self-warmth ( r=0.608, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with self-cold ( r=-0.509, P<0.05). self-warmth and self-cold played a mediating role between forgiveness and flourishing. The indirect effects of self-warmth and self-cold were 23.97% and 20.93% of the total mediating effects. Conclusions:The level of flourishing of the operating room nurses is at a relatively high level. Nurses′ forgiveness can affect their flourishing directly as well as indirectly through self-warmth and self-cold.

Objective To clone the full-length sequence,subcellular localization,and analyze the expression patterns of the β-caryophyllene synthase gene(AaCPS)of Artemisia argyi,in order to lay a foundation for the gene function analysis of sesquiterpene biosynthesis pathway in A.argyi.Methods The genes annotated as CPS were selected from the transcriptome data of A.argyi.The full-length cDNA sequence of the target gene was obtained by PCR,and the coding region was analyzed using bioinformatics.A prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli competent cells to express recombinant protein.A green fluorescent protein(GFP)fused expression vector was constructed,and the subcellular localization of AaCPS was observed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transient expression method in tobacco.Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to analyze the expression patterns of the AaCPS at different harvest times(April,May,June,July).Determination of β-caryophyllene by HS-SPME-GC-MS and correlation analysis.Results The AaCPS gene was cloned from A.argyi.The full-length open reading frame(ORF)was 1647 bp,encoding 548 amino acids.The molecular weight was 63 667 Da with a theoretical pI of 5.94.AaCPS contained conserved Terpen_synth and Terpen_synth_C domains.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AaCPS was closely related to the CPS protein of Artemisia annua.SDS-PAGE showed the presence of target protein bands between 75 000-120 000 Da(containing 28 132 Da of the labeled protein),indicating successful expression of the AaCPS protein.The protein was found to be localized in the cytoplasm.As shown by qRT-PCR,the expression of AaCPS gene showed an upward trend,reaching the highest in July.The results of HS-SPME-GC-MS showed that the content of β-caryophyllene increased gradually from April to the highest in June.It is consistent with the trend of AaCPS gene expression from April to June.Conclusion Through the cloning and analysis of AaCPS gene,a foundation has been laid for further study of the functional identification of the AaCPS gene in the sesquiterpenes biosynthesis pathway in A.argyi.