BACKGROUND: The global rise in diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern. Despite initiatives like "The Healthy Beijing Action 2020-2030" advocating for increased awareness, treatment, and control, the specific situation in Beijing remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Beijing adults. METHODS: Through a stratified multistage probability cluster sampling method, a series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing from 2005 to 2022, targeting adults aged 18-79 years. A face-to-face questionnaire, along with body measurements and laboratory tests, were administered to 111,943 participants. Data from all survey were age- and/or gender-standardized based on the 2020 Beijing census population. Annual percentage rate change (APC) or average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) was calculated to determine prevalence trends over time. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between various characteristics and diabetes. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2022, the total prevalence of diabetes among Beijing adults aged 18-79 years increased from 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8-10.4%) to 13.9% (95% CI: 13.1-14.7%), with an APC/AAPC of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1-3.2%, P <0.05). Significant increases were observed among adults aged 18-39 years and rural residents. Undiagnosed diabetes rose from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.2-4.0%) to 7.2% (95% CI: 6.6-7.9%) with an APC/AAPC of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.3%, P <0.05). However, diabetes awareness and treatment rates showed annual declines of 1.4% (95% CI: -3.0% to -0.2%, P <0.05) and 1.3% (95% CI: -2.6% to -0.2%, P <0.05), respectively. The diabetes control rate decreased from 21.5% to 19.1%, although not statistically significant (APC/AAPC = -1.5%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 1.9%). Overweight and obesity were identified as risk factors for diabetes, with ORs of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.38-1.98) and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.07-2.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in Beijing has significantly increased between 2005 and 2022, particularly among young adults and rural residents. Meanwhile, there has been a concerning decrease in diabetes awareness and treatment rates, while control rates have remained stagnant. Regular blood glucose testing, especially among adults aged 18-59 years, should be warranted. Furthermore, being male, elderly, overweight, or obese was associated with higher diabetes risk, suggesting the needs for targeted management strategies.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To analyze the association between altitudes and nutritional status of children and adolescents, and to explore the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing lifestyle interventions tailored to local conditions. Methods: From September to November 2023, physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in two autonomous regions, Inner Mongolia and Xizang, with a final sample of 156 511 participants by the stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were collected via questionnaires, while the altitude of each participant s school was obtained using Amap. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between altitudes and nutritional status. Interaction terms and stratified analyses were applied to assess the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used for visualization. Results: In 2023, the prevalence of wasting and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Xizang were 9.7% and 9.0%, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 22.0% in Inner Mongolia. Logistic regression analysis results showed that for every 1 km increase in altitude, the risk of wasting increased, while the risk of overweight/obesity decreased ( OR =1.43, 0.19, both P <0.05). The results of the stratified analysis showed that compared to those living at altitudes <1 km, children and adolescents with healthy diets showed no significant association between altitudes (1-<2 and 2-<3 km) and wasting ( OR =1.22, 0.75, both P >0.05), whereas significant associations were observed at 3-<4 and ≥4 km altitudes ( OR =2.25, 2.89, both P <0.05). In contrast, unhealthy dietary groups showed statistically significant associations across altitudes ( OR =1.18-4.04, all P <0.05), consistent with RCS results. No moderating effects were observed for physical activity on the altitude wasting association or for dietary behaviors and physical activity combined on the altitude overweight/obesity association ( P interaction =0.63, 0.10, 0.53). Conclusion Healthy dietary behaviors play a critical role in improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents and reducing regional disparities, providing a scientific foundation for public health policy formulation and implementation.

After COVID-19 pandemic, there are still many public health challenges in the world. The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases is still heavy in many countries. Mental health and injury are crucial public health problems which are often neglected. Environmental health and food and drug safety are closely related to human health, to which further management and intervention are needed. These problems have different impacts on people at different life stages, resulting in health problems throughout the life course. The current status of public health is far from the requirements set by the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations or the initiative of "Healthy China 2030". It is necessary for governments and related departments of all countries to consider public health in all policy development to tackle the major challenge to public health.

Objective:To analyze the differential expressions of proteins in aqueous humor in patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS).Methods:A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hotan District from June 2020 to January 2021, including 10 patients with age-related cataract and 10 XFS patients combined with cataract, which were classified as cataract group and XFS group, respectively.A total of 50 to 100 μl aqueous humor was obtained in the middle of the anterior chamber through the intraoperative phacoemulsification channel.The proteins extracted from aqueous humor were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics technology.The cataract group was set as the control group, and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in XFS group were screened according to P<0.05 and fold change >1.5.Gene ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were used to explore the function and regulatory signaling pathways of DEPs in the XFS group.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2020KY[L]-21).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. Results:In comparison with the cataract group, 25 DEPs were identified in the XFS group, primarily involved in cell adhesion, receptor, hydrolase, and molecular transport.Specifically, there were 14 down-regulated proteins including complement factor H-related protein 1 (CFHR1), endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5), biglycan (BGN), FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2 (FREM2), hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (HBG1), lysosomal thioesterase PPT2 (PPT2) etc., and 11 up-regulated proteins including latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP2), very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), laminin subunit alpha-2 (LAMA2), coagulation factor Ⅸ (F9).Among them, FREM2 was the most significantly differentially expressed protein in XFS group with consistent expression levels across individual samples.GO analysis revealed that these DEPs mainly localized to the extracellular matrix of collagen, bound globin-hemoglobin complex, plasma lipoprotein particles and lysosomes.Molecular functions and biological processes showed that HBD and HBG1 were involved in cellular detoxification, PPT2 in hydrolase activity, and BGN and LTBP2 in glycosaminoglycan binding.KEGG signaling pathway analysis indicated that CFHR1 and F9 were associated with complement and coagulation cascade pathways, and FREM2 and LAMA2 were linked to the extracellular matrix interaction pathway.Conclusions:Disease progression of XFS may be associated with changes in extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, and potential inflammatory responses.The significant down-regulation of FREM2 protein may be a potential biomarker for XFS.

Objective:To assess the occurrence, prognosis and possible early risk factors of jaundice in polytrauma patients.Methods:This study was a single-center, prospective study. Polytrauma patients (age>18 years) admitted to Tongji Trauma Center from October 2020 to January 2023 were enrolled. The patients with liver, biliary tract or pancreatic traumatic injury, previously suffered from chronic liver disease were excluded. The clinical characteristics of patients, laboratory test results, imaging examination results, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score and APACHEⅡ score were collected. The incidence of jaundice, the classification of jaundice or the severity of jaundice after multiple injuries, the mortality rate of polytrauma patients with jaundice, and the early independent risk factors of jaundice in polytrauma were analyzed. The differences between the groups were compared by Student’s t test or χ2 test. The independent risk factors of jaundice were analyzed by Logistic regression analyzed. Results:A total of 742 polytrauma patients were included, 34.09% polytrauma patients were accompanied by jaundice, and the ratio of both moderate and severe jaundice were as high as 32.41%. The main type of jaundice was intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice (47.03%). The mortality rate of polytrauma patients accompanied by jaundice was significantly higher than that of polytrauma patients without jaundice (12.25% vs. 3.47%, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that ISS score ( OR=3.405, 95% CI: 1.962-7.438, P=0.026), plasma lactate ( OR=2.216, 95% CI: 1.203-4.862, P=0.017), interleukin-6 levels ( OR=2.431, 95% CI: 1.424-3.793, P=0.007), the overall duration of parenteral nutrition ( OR=3.011, 95% CI: 1.624-5.041, P=0.022), and the total duration of mechanical ventilation ( OR=3.572, 95% CI: 1.497-4.601, P=0.031) were the early independent risk factors for jaundice in patients after polytrauma. Conclusions:Polytrauma patients are prone to developing jaundice after injury, which is more harmful, especially for intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice after injury. Early identification and early intervention of risk factors associated with jaundice after injury should be strengthened.

Objective:To establish and validate reference intervals of serum vitamin K for healthy children in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2023, involving 807 healthy children aged 0 to 14 years, selected by stratified random sampling based on the population distribution of children in eastern, central, western, and northeastern China. Sample collection was carried out in 16 hospitals across 12 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Basic information of the children was collected using a standardized self-design questionnaire. Serum levels of vitamin K 1 and vitamin K 2 (menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7)) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The reference intervals was established by direct approach. The children were divided into different groups by age. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, and the reference intervals ( P2.5- P97.5) were determined using non-parametric methods. Screening 40 healthy children for small sample validation based on age groups within the reference range(25 from eastern, 10 from central, and 5 from western regions). Results:The age of the 807 children was 5.00 (2.00, 9.81) years, and 495 (61.3%) were males and 312 (38.7%) females. Reference intervals were established for 795 children, of whom 303 children were aged 1 month to 3 years and 492 were aged 4 to 14 years. The reference intervals for serum vitamin K 1 were 0.09-4.54 μg/L for children aged 1 month to 3 years, and 0.10-1.73 μg/L for 4-14 years. For MK-7, the intervals were 0.07-1.42 μg/L for 1 month to 3 years and 0.19-2.03 μg/L for 4-14 years. The reference intervals for MK-4 in children aged 1 month to 14 years were 0-0.42 μg/L. The measured values of serum vitamin K 1, MK-4, and MK-7 in the validation samples did not exceed the reference limit in more than 2 samples. Conclusion:Reference intervals for vitamin K 1, MK-4, and MK-7 in healthy children aged 1 month to 14 years have been established and validated, and can be used to assess vitamin K nutritional status in children.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the gene polymorphisms of rs7100927,rs10885409,rs4918789,rs290487 of TCF7L2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)of Uygur nationality and Han nationality.Methods 577 T2DM patients(T2DM group,293 Han and 284 Uyghu)were enrolled in the Department of Endocrinology,Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2013 to August 2015.In the same period,307 healthy subjects were selected as normal control(NC)group,of which 208 were Han Chinese and 99 were Uyghu.The polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene rs7100927,rs10885409,rs4918789 and rs290487 were identified by imLDRTM multiple SNP typing technique.Results In Uygur,the frequency of allele G at rs7100927 and rs4918789 of TCF7L2 gene and the frequency of allele C at rs10885409 and rs290487 in T2DM group were lower than those in NC group(P<0.05).Conclusion The G allele at rs7100927 and rs4918789 and C allele at rs10885409 and rs290487 of TCF7L2 gene may be protective factors for T2DM in Xinjiang Uygur population.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ZKY001 eye drops with different concentrations in the treatment of corneal epithelial defects(CED)after primary pterygium excision.METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial. From March 15, 2022 to November 14, 2022, patients with primary pterygium who had undergone surgery were recruited from 12 tertiary hospitals across China. Using block randomization, 178 patients(178 eyes)were randomly assigned to 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: 0.002% ZKY001 group(n=59), 0.004% ZKY001 group(n=59), and placebo group(n=60, receiving ZKY001 sham eye drops). Subjects in each group received 1 drop of the study drug 4 times per day for 4 d. The percentage of CED area recovery from baseline, the first complete healing time of CED area, the number of first complete healing cases of CED, and changes in visual analogue scale(VAS)scores for eye discomfort including eye pain, foreign body sensation, tearing and photophobia were observed.RESULTS: In terms of improvement in CED, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups including the first healing time of CED, the percentage improvement in CED area compared to baseline, and the percentage of first healing cases at different follow-up visits(all P>0.05). Numerically, the first healing time of CED was shorter in the test groups compared to the placebo group(67.87±21.688 h for the 0.002% ZKY001 group, 61.48±22.091 h for the 0.004% ZKY001 group, and 68.85±20.851 h for the placebo group). On D1 morning, the percentage improvement in CED area compared to baseline was maximally different from the placebo group, and the numerical difference advantage was maintained at subsequent follow-up visits. The number of first healing cases in the CED area at different follow-up visits was higher in the test groups than the placebo group. In terms of improvement in ocular discomfort, the total VAS scores were lower in the test groups compared to the placebo group, mainly due to reductions in foreign body sensation and pain scores. At D3, the 0.004% ZKY001 group showed statistically significant improvement in foreign body sensation(P<0.017). In terms of safety, the overall incidence of adverse events was low(9.0%)and similar among groups.CONCLUSION: The use of ZKY001 eyedrops after primary pterygium surgery can safely improve the CED repair, and alleviate postoperative symptoms caused by CED.

The matrix metalloproteinases family (MMPs) are proteins related to tumor formation and metastasis that have attracted the attention of scholars in recent years. Tumor cells can secrete MMPs during malignant transformation, and the expression of MMPs in different malignant tumors is diverse, and different members of MMPs do not have exactly the same biological properties. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) is a new member of MMPs whose secretion increases rapidly during the malignant transformation of cells and is released into the extracellular space to participate in biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. In this paper, the progress of research on the biological properties of MMP-19 in tumors was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the development of tumors, especially for studying the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.