ObjectiveTo predict the mechanism through which Shasheng Maidong Tang enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy for lung cancer via network pharmacology and validate the prediction results in animal experiments. MethodsThe potential mechanism through which Shasheng Maidong Tang enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy for lung cancer was predicted by network pharmacology， liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）， and molecular docking methods. C57/BL6 mice were assigned into normal， model， cisplatin， and Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin groups. In addition to the normal group， the remaining groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mL of 1×10⁷ cells·mL^-1 Lewis lung cancer cells to establish the Lewis lung cancer model. The daily gavage dose of Shasheng Maidong Tang was 3.58 g·kg^-1， and the concentration of cisplatin intraperitoneally injected on every other day was 2 mg·kg^-1. Drugs were administered for 14 d. The changes in the tumor volume and the rate of tumor suppression were monitored， and the tumor histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the interleukin （IL）-6 and interferon （IFN）-γ levels in peripheral blood. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA levels of Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 （STAT1）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in the tumor tissue of mice. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of JAK2， STAT3， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3）， and Pim-1 proto1 （PIM1） in the tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and PIM1 in the tumor tissue. ResultsNetwork pharmacological predictions indicated that Shasheng Maidong Tang might enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for lung cancer by regulating nitrogen metabolism， AGE-RAGE signaling pathway， cancer pathway， and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The experimental results demonstrated that tumor volume in the cisplatin group and Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group was reduced compared with the model group， with statistically distinct differences observed on days 14， 17， 20 post modeling （P<0.05）. Notably， the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin therapy further decreased tumor volume compared with the cisplatin group， showing marked reductions on days 17 and 20 （P<0.05）， consistent with trends visualized in tumor volume comparison charts. The Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group exhibited higher tumor inhibition rate than the cisplatin group （P<0.05）. Histopathological analysis via HE staining revealed that the tumors in the model group displayed frequent nuclear mitosis， densely arranged cells， hyperchromatic nuclei， and no necrosis. Cisplatin treatment induced partial necrosis and vacuolization， while the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group exhibited extensive necrotic regions， maximal vacuolization， disarranged tumor cells， and minimal mitotic activity. Compared with the model group， the cisplatin group and the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group showed elevated level of IFN-γ （P<0.01） and declined level of IL-6 （P<0.01） in the peripheral blood. Compared with the cisplatin group， the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group presented elevated level of IFN-γ （P<0.01） and lowered level of IL-6 （P<0.01） in the peripheral blood. Compared with the model group， the cisplatin group and the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin groups showed down-regulated mRNA levels of JAK2 and STAT3 （P<0.01） and up-regulated mRNA level STAT1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the cisplatin group， the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group presented down-regulated mRNA levels of JAK2 and STAT3 （P<0.01） and up-regulated mRNA level of STAT1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the cisplatin group and the Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group showed down-regulated protein levels of JAK2 （P<0.01）， Bcl-2 （P<0.01）， PIM1 （P<0.01）， and STAT3 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein level of Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. Compared with the cisplatin group， Shasheng Maidong Tang+cisplatin group presented down-regulated protein levels of JAK2 （P<0.01）， Bcl-2 （P<0.01）， PIM1 （P<0.01）， STAT3 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein level of Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. The Bcl-2 and PIM1 expression results obtained by immunohistochemistry were consistent with those of Western blot. ConclusionShasheng Maidong Tang may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in the mouse model of Lewis lung cancer by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the species of sandflies and the prevalence of Leishmania infections in sandflies from selected areas of northern and northwestern China, so as to provide insights into identification of leishmaniasis vectors and assessment of epidemiological trends of leishmaniasis in China. Methods Sandfly samples were collected from Mentougou District of Beijing Municipality, Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province, Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County of Karamay District of Karamay City, Gaochang District of Turpan City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2023 to July 2024. Approximately 100 intact female sandfly samples were randomly selected from each site and the species of sandflies was identified according to morphological characteristics and molecular assays. Female sandflies originating from the same habitat were grouped into pools of 10 individuals. Leishmania infection was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) gene, and the prevalence of Leishmania infection was calculated in sandflies from different sampling sites using the minimum infection rate (MIR) method. In addition, positive amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results A total of 6 155 sandflies were collected from different environments at sampling sites across the six aforementioned regions from July 2023 to July 2024. Phlebotomus chinensis (96.00%) was the dominant sandfly species in Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality, with a small proportion of Ph. sergenti (4.00%), and only Ph. chinensis was found in Xiangning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Ph. wui was the only sandfly species detected in Ejin Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County, Kashgar City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Ph. caucasicus (97.70%) was the dominant sandfly species in Karamay District, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with a small proportion of Ph. wui (2.30%), while Ph. alexandri was the only species in Gaochang District, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A total of 40, 60, 34, 18, 18, and 22 pools of sandfly samples were tested from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality, Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province, Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Payzawat County in Kashgar City, Karamay District in Karamay City, and Gaochang District in Turpan City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, respectively. L. infantum was detected in Ph. chinensis samples from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality, and Xiangning County of Linfen City in Shanxi Province, with MIR of 0.25% to 1.00%, and L. donovani was detected in Ph. wui from Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County in Kashgar City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with MIR of 0.56% to 0.88%; however, no Leishmania infection was detected in Ph. caucasicus from Karamay District in Karamay City or Ph. alexandri from Gaochang District in Turpan City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Leishmania ITS-1 gene sequences obtained from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality and Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province were clustered into the same clade with the reference sequences of L. infantum ITS-1 gene, while the Leishmania ITS-1 gene sequences obtained from Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Payzawat County in Kashgar City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were clustered into the same clade with the reference sequences of L. donovani ITS-1 gene. Conclusions There are variations in sandfly species in selected areas of northern and northwestern China, and variations in the species of Leishmania infecting sandflies. Improved surveillance of sandfly vectors and targeted control strategies with adaptations to geographical features and leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.

The plague is a infectious disease of natural focus. The occurrence of animal plague is a complex biological phenomenon, which is affected by many factors such as hosts, vectors, geographical landscapes, climate, human activities and so on. Its epidemiological patterns exhibit spatial and temporal characteristics. Therefore, the plague monitoring and early warning has always been the key to plague prevention and control, and remains a current research hotspot. In recent years, with the advancement of spatial epidemiology technology, it has been increasingly applied in plague prevention and control, and has made remarkable achievements in exploring the spatio-temporal relationships, influencing factors, monitoring and early warning of the plague. This article provides an overview of specific applications of spatial epidemiological methods in four areas, including spatial visualization of plague outbreaks, aggregation analysis, exploration of influencing factors, risk prediction and early warning. It aims to offer insights for the plague prevention and control personnel to better understand the suddenness and complexity of the plague from the perspective of spatial epidemiology, to uncover the epidemiological patterns of the plague, and to provide a reference for precise plague prevention and control.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of potential categories of chronic disease co-morbid patients' learned helplessness, and to analyze the differential characteristics of different categories of chronic disease co-morbid patients.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select patients with chronic disease co-morbidities who attended The NO.1 People's Hospital of Xiangyang, Hubei University of Medicine, from June to December 2023 as survey respondents. General information questionnaire, Learned Helplessness Scale, Health Questionnaire Somatic Symptom Cluster Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Comprehension Social Support Scale were used for the cross-sectional survey. The potential profile of learned helplessness, and the influencing factors of potential categories of learned helplessness was analyzed.Results:A total of 810 patients with chronic co-morbidities were investigated. There were 453 males and 357 females, aged (65.03±10.89) years old. The learned helplessness of these patients was categorized into three different potential categories, which were named as low-level learned helplessness group, medium-level learned helplessness group, high-level learned helplessness, accounting for 17.5% (142/810), 23.5% (190/810), and 59.0% (478/810), respectively. Compared with the low-level learned helplessness group, the probability of belonging to the medium-level learned helplessness group and high-level learned helplessness group was higher for patients with chronic co-morbidities with more severe physical symptoms ( OR=1.456, 1.391, both P<0.01). Compared with the low-level learned helplessness group, the probability of belonging to the medium-level learned helplessness group and high-level learned helplessness group was higher for patients with chronic co-morbidities with more severe the psychological distress ( OR=1.359, 1.917, both P<0.01). Compared with the low-level learned helplessness group, the probability of belonging to the medium-level learned helplessness group and high-level learned helplessness group was higher for patients with chronic co-morbidities with lower levels of social support ( OR=0.928, 0.874, both P<0.01). Compared with the low-level learned helplessness group, patients with a duration of illness >5 years were used as controls, patients with a duration of illness 2-5 years were more likely to belong to the medium-level learned helplessness group and high-level learned helplessness group ( OR=74.586, 62.620, both P<0.01). Compared with the low-level learned helplessness group, patients with neutral personalities were compared, patients with extroverted personalities had a lower probability of belonging to the medium-level learned helplessness group ( OR=0.105, P<0.05), while patients with introverted personalities had a lower probability of belonging to the medium-level learned helplessness group and high-level learned helplessness group ( OR=0.052, 0.046, both P<0.01). Conclusions:Patients with chronic disease co-morbidities have higher levels of learned helplessness during disease treatment and have more distinctive categorical characteristics. Healthcare professionals should adopt targeted nursing interventions according to different categories of chronic disease co-morbid patients to reduce the level of learned helplessness.

Objective:To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) on learning memory and abnormal Aβ deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA) model mice, and further to investigate whether the mechanism involves the transport function of glymphatic system.Methods:Eight-month-old SPF grade Tg-SWDI mice were randomly divided into the CAA group and the rTMS group according to the random number table method with 7 in each group.Seven wild-type mice of the same genetic background and age served as the control group. The mice in rTMS group received two weeks of high-frequency rTMS intervention, and the mice in CAA group and control group were only restrained without rTMS intervention.Learning and memory functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze test.Amyloid-beta deposition, glymphatic system clearance, and aquaporin-4(AQP4) polarization were assessed using immunofluorescence, and AQP4 expression levels were measured by Western blot.Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.5 softwares.Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for data on escape latency, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between multiple groups for other data.Results:(1)In the novel object recognition test, there were statistically significant differences in recognition indices among the three groups of mice ( F=22.59, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mice in the CAA group showed a significant decrease in the new object recognition index ( P<0.05).Compared with the CAA group, the mice in the rTMS group showed a significant increase in the new object recognition index ( P<0.05).(2)In the Y-maze, there were statistical differences in the spontaneous alternation rates among the three groups ( F=5.00, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the spontaneous alternation rate in the CAA group was significantly lower ( P<0.05).And compared with the CAA group, the spontaneous alternation rate in the rTMS group was significantly higher ( P<0.05).(3)In the Morris water maze test, there were significant interactions in escape latency among the three groups ( F=4.05, P=0.02), significant main effects of time ( F=713.22, P<0.01), and significant main effects of group ( F=421.55, P<0.01). There was no significant statistical difference in swimming speed among the three groups ( F=0.19, P>0.05), while the difference of the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent were statistically significant( F=71.67, 294.14, both P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the CAA group mice significantly decreased in the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent in the middle zone (both P<0.01).(4)Compared with the CAA group, the rTMS group significantly increased in the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent in the middle zone (both P<0.01).The result of immunofluorescence test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the levels of Aβ in the cerebral vessels among the three groups( F=385.76, P<0.01).The levels of Aβ in the cerebral vessels of the CAA group (62.00±2.65) were significantly higher than those in the control group (9.00±1.00, P<0.01).The levels in the rTMS group (51.33±3.21) were significantly lower than those in the CAA group (62.00±2.65, P<0.01). Using the residual fluorescence tracer levels of the control group as a baseline, there were statistically significant differences in the tracer intensities in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex( F=258.97, 46.44, both P<0.05), the tracer intensities in the corpus callosum (3.57±0.21) and cerebral cortex (4.96±0.79) of the CAA group mice were significantly higher than those in the rTMS group (1.45±0.14, 1.78±0.47, P<0.01). The polarization of AQP4 in the cerebral cortex of rTMS group (0.51±0.07) was significantly higher than that in the CAA group (0.30±0.02, P<0.01). Conclusion:rTMS can alleviate learning memory and abnormal Aβ deposition in CAA model mice by modulating AQP4 polarisation and promoting transport function of glymphatic system.

The plague is a infectious disease of natural focus. The occurrence of animal plague is a complex biological phenomenon, which is affected by many factors such as hosts, vectors, geographical landscapes, climate, human activities and so on. Its epidemiological patterns exhibit spatial and temporal characteristics. Therefore, the plague monitoring and early warning has always been the key to plague prevention and control, and remains a current research hotspot. In recent years, with the advancement of spatial epidemiology technology, it has been increasingly applied in plague prevention and control, and has made remarkable achievements in exploring the spatio-temporal relationships, influencing factors, monitoring and early warning of the plague. This article provides an overview of specific applications of spatial epidemiological methods in four areas, including spatial visualization of plague outbreaks, aggregation analysis, exploration of influencing factors, risk prediction and early warning. It aims to offer insights for the plague prevention and control personnel to better understand the suddenness and complexity of the plague from the perspective of spatial epidemiology, to uncover the epidemiological patterns of the plague, and to provide a reference for precise plague prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) on learning memory and abnormal Aβ deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA) model mice, and further to investigate whether the mechanism involves the transport function of glymphatic system.Methods:Eight-month-old SPF grade Tg-SWDI mice were randomly divided into the CAA group and the rTMS group according to the random number table method with 7 in each group.Seven wild-type mice of the same genetic background and age served as the control group. The mice in rTMS group received two weeks of high-frequency rTMS intervention, and the mice in CAA group and control group were only restrained without rTMS intervention.Learning and memory functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze test.Amyloid-beta deposition, glymphatic system clearance, and aquaporin-4(AQP4) polarization were assessed using immunofluorescence, and AQP4 expression levels were measured by Western blot.Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.5 softwares.Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for data on escape latency, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between multiple groups for other data.Results:(1)In the novel object recognition test, there were statistically significant differences in recognition indices among the three groups of mice ( F=22.59, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mice in the CAA group showed a significant decrease in the new object recognition index ( P<0.05).Compared with the CAA group, the mice in the rTMS group showed a significant increase in the new object recognition index ( P<0.05).(2)In the Y-maze, there were statistical differences in the spontaneous alternation rates among the three groups ( F=5.00, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the spontaneous alternation rate in the CAA group was significantly lower ( P<0.05).And compared with the CAA group, the spontaneous alternation rate in the rTMS group was significantly higher ( P<0.05).(3)In the Morris water maze test, there were significant interactions in escape latency among the three groups ( F=4.05, P=0.02), significant main effects of time ( F=713.22, P<0.01), and significant main effects of group ( F=421.55, P<0.01). There was no significant statistical difference in swimming speed among the three groups ( F=0.19, P>0.05), while the difference of the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent were statistically significant( F=71.67, 294.14, both P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the CAA group mice significantly decreased in the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent in the middle zone (both P<0.01).(4)Compared with the CAA group, the rTMS group significantly increased in the number of entries into the inner zone and the proportion of time spent in the middle zone (both P<0.01).The result of immunofluorescence test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the levels of Aβ in the cerebral vessels among the three groups( F=385.76, P<0.01).The levels of Aβ in the cerebral vessels of the CAA group (62.00±2.65) were significantly higher than those in the control group (9.00±1.00, P<0.01).The levels in the rTMS group (51.33±3.21) were significantly lower than those in the CAA group (62.00±2.65, P<0.01). Using the residual fluorescence tracer levels of the control group as a baseline, there were statistically significant differences in the tracer intensities in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex( F=258.97, 46.44, both P<0.05), the tracer intensities in the corpus callosum (3.57±0.21) and cerebral cortex (4.96±0.79) of the CAA group mice were significantly higher than those in the rTMS group (1.45±0.14, 1.78±0.47, P<0.01). The polarization of AQP4 in the cerebral cortex of rTMS group (0.51±0.07) was significantly higher than that in the CAA group (0.30±0.02, P<0.01). Conclusion:rTMS can alleviate learning memory and abnormal Aβ deposition in CAA model mice by modulating AQP4 polarisation and promoting transport function of glymphatic system.

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics, imaging findings, pulmonary function changes, dust exposure situations, and treatment outcomes of accelerated silicosis through an analysis of existing literature.Methods:In December 2024, relevant literature from January 1, 1965 to December 15, 2024 was retrieved through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, EMbase, and PubMed databases. Keywords included "rapidly progressive silicosis" "accelerated silicosis" "subacute silicosis""artificial stone" and related terms. By incorporating, analyzing, and retrieving data from literatures, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of fast forward silicosis was conducted.Results:A total of 72 literatures were included, including 23 cohort studies, 28 case reports, 3 case-control studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies. The average age of all 1794 patients was 33.67 years, with an average dust exposure duration of 5.58 years. The primary occupations associated with accelerated silicosis were stone processing, mining, and artificial quartz stone manufacturing. Imaging findings predominantly included small nodules, ground-glass opacities, and massive fibrosis. Antifibrotic treatment at the early stage of the disease could clearly delay disease progression. However, dust concentrations in workplaces were significantly above safety limits, with inadequate protective measures.Conclusion:Accelerated silicosis is characterized by its rapid onset, swift progression, and unfavorable prognosis. However, it has not garnered adequate attention in the present context. Reliable standard and guidelines are urgently needed to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of EZH2 expression for malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 114 patients diagnosed with OLK by pathological examination and treated at our hospital between November 2020 and July 2022 were initially enrolled. After excluding those with incomplete data or follow-up, 105 participants were included in the final analysis, comprising 14 in the high EZH2 expression group and 91 in the low EZH2 expression group. Histopathological examination of oral mucosa and immunohistochemical detection of EZH2 protein expression were performed. The follow-up period was 30 months; participants were followed until malignant transformation occurred or until the end of follow-up, at which point they were withdrawn from the study. The exposure factor was the level of EZH2 protein expression, and the outcome was the malignant transformation rate of OLK. Differences in EZH2 expression levels and transformation outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the high and low EZH2 expression groups in terms of age, sex, history of systemic disease, lifestyle habits, psychological status, diet, and sleep conditions (P > 0.05). Lesions in the high EZH2 expression group were mainly located on the ventral tongue, while in the low EZH2 expression group, they were more commonly found on the dorsal tongue and buccal mucosa. The malignant transformation rate was 28.6% (4/14) in the high expression group and 8.8% (8/91) in the low expression group; these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.053). In univariate Cox regression analysis, the risk of malignant transformation in the high EZH2 expression group was 3.647 times that of the low EZH2 expression group (HR = 3.647, 95% CI: 1.097-12.120, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that over the 30-month follow-up period, the cancer-free survival rate in the high EZH2 expression group was 19.8% lower than in the low expression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, only moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia were identified as independent risk factors for malignant transformation. The risk of malignant transformation in the moderate and severe dysplasia groups was 10.695 and 13.623 times higher, respectively, than in the mild dysplasia group (HR = 10.695, 95% CI: 2.270-50.396, P<0.05; HR=13.623, 95% CI: 1.918-96.774, P<0.05). EZH2 high expression was not an independent risk factor in the multivariate model (HR= 2.528, 95% CI: 0.752-8.500, P = 0.134). Conclusion High EZH2 protein expression is a risk factor for the malignant transformation of OLK but does not have independent predictive value.

OBJECTIVE To explore the practice pathway and evaluate the effectiveness of the resident pharmacists stationed in the Drug Clinical Trial Institution Office （hereinafter referred to as the “GCP resident pharmacist”） in the management of dermatological drug clinical trials. METHODS The practical approach of GCP resident pharmacists participating in dermatological drug clinical trials at our hospital was introduced. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of dermatological drug clinical trials from 2021 to 2024， comparing efficiency and quality indicators between dermatological clinical trials and those of other specialties. RESULTS With the involvement of our hospital’s GCP resident pharmacists throughout, the process for dermatology drug clinical trials was constructed and optimized， a dedicated quality control system was established， and the acceleration strategy for subject enrollment was optimized. The number of dermatological drug clinical trials at our hospital showed a compound annual growth rate of 69.56% from 2021 to 2023. In terms of efficiency indicators， the approval waiting time for dermatological drug clinical trials was （12.31±4.99） days， which was significantly shorter than that of other specialties （[ 19.68±6.09） days， P＜0.05]. Regarding quality indicators， the enrollment rate for dermatological drug clinical trials was 75.71%（50.00%，114.48%）， which was significantly higher than that of other specialties [51.00%（25.00%，174.17%）， P＜0.05]. The numbers of first quality control issues （[ 8.31±3.25）items vs.（ 11.68±4.49）items] and protocol deviations [5.5（2.0，11.0）times vs. 11.0（5.5，17.5）times] were significantly lower than those of other specialties （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS GCP resident pharmacists significantly enhance the overall efficiency of dermatological drug clinical trials， playing a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and authenticity of drug clinical trials， as well as safeguarding the rights and safety of trial subjects.