ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-Alzheimer's disease （AD） effect of Dipsacus asper（DA） in the Caenorhabditis elegans model， and decipher the underlying mechanism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）/transcription factor EB （TFEB） pathway. MethodsFirst， transgenic AD C. elegans individuals were assigned into the blank control， model， positive control （WY14643， 20 µmol·L^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （100， 200， and 400 mg·L^-1， respectively） DA groups. The amyloid β-42 （Aβ₄₂） formation in the muscle cells， the paralysis time， and the deposition of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） in the head were detected. The lysosomal autophagy in the BV2 cell model was examined by Rluc-LC3wt/G120A. The expression levels of lysosomal autophagy-related proteins LC3Ⅱ， LC3I， LAMP2， and TFEB were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes beclin1 and Atg5 and lysosome-related genes LAMP2 and CLN2 downstream of PPARα/TFEB. A reporter gene assay was used to detect the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of PPARα， and the active components of the ethanol extract of DA were identified by UPLC-MS. RCSB PDB， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and Autodock were used to analyze the binding between the active components and PPARα-ligand-binding domain （LBD）. ResultsCompared with the model group， the positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed prolonged paralysis time （P<0.05）， and all the treatment groups showed decreased Aβ deposition in the head （P<0.01）. DA within the concentration range of 50-500 mg·L^-1 did not affect the viability of BV2 cells. In addition， DA enhanced the autophagy flux （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of beclin1， Atg5， LAMP2， and CLN2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB （P<0.05）， increased LAMP2 expression and autophagy flux （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB （P<0.01）. The positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed enhanced fluorescence intensity of PPARα in the BV2 nucleus （P<0.01）. UPLC-MS detected nine known compounds of DA， from which 8 active components of DA were screened out. The docking results suggested that a variety of components in DA could bind to PPARα-LBD and form stable hydrogen bonds. ConclusionDA may reduce the pathological changes in AD by regulating the PPARα-TFEB pathway.

Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus with a high fatality rate. Post-exposure human rabies vaccination is an important measure to reduce the risk of rabies. Rabies vaccine is mainly used for post-exposure immunization with safety and tolerance. However, adverse reactions may occur in some recipients, mainly including local reactions such as pain, redness and swelling, and systemic reactions such as fever and headache. Usually, the symptoms are mild and self-limited, but severe adverse reactions in allergic patients may be life-threatening. The occurrence of adverse reactions to rabies vaccine for human use is closely related to individual differences, vaccine production process, and vaccination factors. The articles on adverse reaction of rabies vaccine for human use published in CNKI and PubMed database from 2006 to 2024 were retrieved. The incidence, causes and countermeasures of adverse reaction of rabies vaccine for human use were reviewed, so as to provide reference for reducing adverse reactions of rabies vaccine.

Objective:Inflammation has been confirmed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss（SSNHL）, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） is a biomarker positively correlated with the degree of inflammation. This study aims to identify the difference in serum NLR between patients with SSNHL and normal population, and to evaluate the predictive efficacy of NLR for the occurrence and prognosis of SSNHL, thereby guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SSNHL. Methods:In this study, 96 patients diagnosed with SSNHL admitted to our department from January 2023 to March 2024 and 96 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps admitted to our department during the same period were recruited as a control group. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate independent related factors, and a nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of SSNHL. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the accuracy of prediction. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high level NLR（OR2.215; 95%CI1.597-3.073; P<0.001） were independently associated with the presence of SSNHL. High age（OR1.036; 95%CI1.009-1.067; P=0.012）, high FIB（OR2.35; 95%CI1.176-4.960; P=0.019） were the risk factor for SSNHL. Incorporating these 3 factors, a forest plot and a nomogram were generated. The ROC curve, nomogram and calibration curve showed that the model had good clinical practicability. A low NLR（OR0.598; 95%CI0.439-0.816; P<0.001） was significantly associated with a favorable prognosis of SSNHL. Conclusion:Elevated NLR can serve as an promising biomarker for assessing the risk of SSNHL. The nomograms calculation model may be utilized as a tool to estimate the probability of SSNHL. Low level NLR is significantly associated with a good prognosis of SSNHL.
Humans ; Neutrophils ; Female ; Male ; Lymphocytes ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/blood* ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Nomograms ; ROC Curve ; Adult ; Logistic Models ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Lymphocyte Count ; Inflammation/blood* ; Clinical Relevance

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.013.].

Objective:To investigate the rates of low disease activity and clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in a real-world setting,and to analyze the related factors of low disease activity and clinical remission.Methods:One thousand patients with SLE were enrolled from 11 teaching hospitals.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data,as well as treatment regimes were collec-ted by self-completed questionnaire.The rates of low disease activity and remission were calculated based on the lupus low disease activity state(LLDAS)and definitions of remission in SLE(DORIS).Charac-teristics of patients with LLDAS and DORIS were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of LLDAS and DORIS remission.Results:20.7％of patients met the criteria of LLDAS,while 10.4％of patients achieved remission defined by DORIS.Patients who met LLDAS or DORIS remission had significantly higher proportion of patients with high income and longer disease duration,compared with non-remission group.Moreover,the rates of anemia,creatinine eleva-tion,increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and hypoalbuminemia was significantly lower in the LLDAS or DORIS group than in the non-remission group.Patients who received hydroxychloroquine for more than 12 months or immunosuppressant therapy for no less than 6 months earned higher rates of LLDAS and DORIS remission.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased ESR,positive anti-dsDNA antibodies,low level of complement(C3 and C4),proteinuria,low household in-come were negatively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.However,hydroxychloroquine usage for longer than 12 months were positively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.Conclusion:LLDAS and DORIS remission of SLE patients remain to be improved.Treatment-to-target strategy and standar-dized application of hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants in SLE are recommended.

The pathogenesis of urolithiasis is not yet clear， and there are obvious limitations in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis by either Chinese or western medicine. The microscopic pathological changes of the kidney from anatomical perspective have a certain internal connection with viewpoint of “kidney storing insufficiency， and kidney deficiency as the root” in the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） zang-fu （脏腑） theory. Accordingly， the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine based on “shen-kidney” theory has been proposed. It is believed that the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis can be divided into two stages， that is expelling stones and preventing stones. In terms of preventing stones from kideny， it is recommended to focus on the early pathological changes of the kidney； for preventing stones from shen， it is advised to prevent and treat urolithiasis from kidney deficiency. The treatment should be time-based and stage by stage. Adhering to the principle of “prevention before disease occurs， prevention is more important than treatment” aims to advance the intervention targets for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. Emphasizing on the simultaneous treatment of kidney disease and urolithiasis， it is critical to put focus on the development of calcium-containing crystalline nephropathy in the early stage of stone formation， as well as the fundamental pathogenesis of kidney deficiency in TCM. Shen-kidney theory aims to further promote the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis， which may provide certain reference for solving the current dilemma of urolithiasis prevention and treatment.

ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS） was used to investigate the metabolism and distribution of nardosinone in rats， then metabolic pathways were speculated. MethodRats were administered with 30 mg·kg^-1 of nardosinone suspension by gavage for 3 consecutive days， and plasma， urine， feces， and tissues of heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， stomach， and intestine were collected at predetermined time points. After treatment， the samples were processed for UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS， and the MS data were analyzed using Xcalibur 2.2 software. The metabolites were searched by comparing the base peak chromatogram and extracted ion chromatogram between the treated group and blank group， and based on the relative retention time（t_R）， quasi-molecular ion peak， precise molecular mass， and fragment ions of MS/MS， the elemental composition were searched using databases such as SciFinder and PubChem， as well as referring to relevant literature， the possible metabolites were identified and the metabolic pathways were inferred. ResultA total of 30 metabolites of nardosinone were identified， including 15， 19， 12， 7， 4， 11， 8， 13， 13， 8 and 12 metabolites in urine， feces， plasma， brain， heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， stomach and intestine， respectively. The main metabolic pathways of nardosinone in rats were hydroxylation， dehydroxylation， reduction， dehydrogenation， hydration， dehydration， carboxylation， glucuronidation， and dehydroxy-isopropyl. ConclusionNardosinone can be metabolized by phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and the metabolites are widely distributed in the major organs. The results of this study can provide a basis for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis， pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of nardosinone.