Objective: To investigate the efficacy of implantable neuromuscular electrical stimulation system on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) model in female rats. Methods: A total of 21 female infertile SD rats were randomly divided into the control，sham stimulation，and stimulation groups，with 7 rats in each group.All rats received vaginal dilation (VD) to simulate postpartum SUI.One week after VD，the control group was given normal feeding，stimulators were implanted in the pelvic floor muscles of the sham stimulation and stimulation groups.The sham stimulation group received normal feeding for 2 weeks，and the stimulation group received pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES) for 2 consecutive weeks.The leak point pressure (LPP) of each rat was measured with cystometry before VD (baseline value)，1 week after VD，and 2 weeks after PFES. Results: In the control group and sham stimulation group，LPP increased after 2 weeks of treatment compared with that after 1 week of VD，but it still did not return to the baseline level (P<0.001).In the stimulation group，after 2 consecutive weeks of PFES，LPP increased significantly compared with that 1 week after VD，and returned to the baseline value (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the LPP baseline values and levels after 1 week of VD among the 3 groups (P>0.05).The LPP in the stimulation group after 2 weeks of PFES was significantly higher than that in the sham stimulation group and stimulation group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The implantable neuromuscular electrical stimulation system is effective in short-term intervention of SUI in female rats，the further studies are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of the system，the optimal stimulation sites，optimal stimulation parameters，and potential mechanisms of action.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-Alzheimer's disease （AD） effect of Dipsacus asper（DA） in the Caenorhabditis elegans model， and decipher the underlying mechanism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）/transcription factor EB （TFEB） pathway. MethodsFirst， transgenic AD C. elegans individuals were assigned into the blank control， model， positive control （WY14643， 20 µmol·L^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （100， 200， and 400 mg·L^-1， respectively） DA groups. The amyloid β-42 （Aβ₄₂） formation in the muscle cells， the paralysis time， and the deposition of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） in the head were detected. The lysosomal autophagy in the BV2 cell model was examined by Rluc-LC3wt/G120A. The expression levels of lysosomal autophagy-related proteins LC3Ⅱ， LC3I， LAMP2， and TFEB were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes beclin1 and Atg5 and lysosome-related genes LAMP2 and CLN2 downstream of PPARα/TFEB. A reporter gene assay was used to detect the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of PPARα， and the active components of the ethanol extract of DA were identified by UPLC-MS. RCSB PDB， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and Autodock were used to analyze the binding between the active components and PPARα-ligand-binding domain （LBD）. ResultsCompared with the model group， the positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed prolonged paralysis time （P<0.05）， and all the treatment groups showed decreased Aβ deposition in the head （P<0.01）. DA within the concentration range of 50-500 mg·L^-1 did not affect the viability of BV2 cells. In addition， DA enhanced the autophagy flux （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of beclin1， Atg5， LAMP2， and CLN2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB （P<0.05）， increased LAMP2 expression and autophagy flux （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB （P<0.01）. The positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed enhanced fluorescence intensity of PPARα in the BV2 nucleus （P<0.01）. UPLC-MS detected nine known compounds of DA， from which 8 active components of DA were screened out. The docking results suggested that a variety of components in DA could bind to PPARα-LBD and form stable hydrogen bonds. ConclusionDA may reduce the pathological changes in AD by regulating the PPARα-TFEB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To review the application and progress of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technology in the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases, and to provide reference for clinical treatment decisions. METHODS: The literature related to UBE technology in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the surgical methods, indications, effectiveness, and safety were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: UBE technology is effective in the treatment of CSR and CSM, and has the advantages of good surgical field, reducing the injury of the posterior structure of the cervical spine, and protecting the facet joint process, but in general, the indications are relatively narrow, limited to single-segment or adjacent double-segment lesions, and the requirements for the operator are relatively high, and the learning curve is long. CONCLUSION UBE technology can be applied to the treatment of CSR and CSM, but it needs to be carried out by experienced UBE surgeons for specific cases.
Humans ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Radiculopathy/surgery* ; Spondylosis/surgery* ; Decompression, Surgical/methods* ; Spinal Cord Diseases/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Cancer is the result of evolving crosstalk between neoplastic cell and its immune microenvironment. In recent years, immune therapeutics targeting T lymphocytes, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and CAR-T, have made significant progress in cancer treatment and validated targeting immune cells as a promising approach to fight human cancers. However, responsiveness to the current immune therapeutic agents is limited to only a small proportion of solid cancer patients. As major components of most solid tumors, myeloid cells played critical roles in regulating the initiation and sustentation of adaptive immunity, thus determining tumor progression as well as therapeutic responses. In this review, we discuss emerging data on the diverse functions of myeloid cells in tumor progression through their direct effects or interactions with other immune cells. We explain how different metabolic reprogramming impacts the characteristics and functions of tumor myeloid cells, and discuss recent progress in revealing different mechanisms-chemotaxis, proliferation, survival, and alternative sources-involved in the infiltration and accumulation of myeloid cells within tumors. Further understanding of the function and regulation of myeloid cells is important for the development of novel strategies for therapeutic exploitation in cancer.
Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Myeloid Cells/immunology* ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Animals

Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional nerve cultures induced by embryonic stem cells(ESCs)or induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)that mimic the structure and function of human brain.With the continuous optimization of cerebral organoid culture technology and the combination with emerging technologies such as organ transplantation,gene editing and organoids-on-chip,complex brain tissue structures such as functional vascular structures and neural circuits have been produced,which provides new methods and ideas for studying human brain development and diseases.This article reviews the latest advances in brain organoid technology,describes its application in neurological diseases and advances in stroke modeling and transplantation treatment.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the best evidence summary for prevention and nursing care of pregnancy-induced diastasis recti abdominis and to provide references for clinical practice.Methods We systematically searched computer decision support systems,guideline websites,association official websites and databases for evidence on prevention and nursing care of pregnancy-induced diastasis recti abdominis,including guidelines,expert consensuses,clinical decision-making,systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials.The retrieval period was from the inception of databases to January 2024.There were 4 researchers who evaluated the quality of the included literature independently,extracted and summarized the evidence according to the subject.Results A total of 18 articles were included,including 2 clinical decisions,4 guidelines,5 expert consensuses,3 systematic reviews,and 4 randomized controlled trials.24 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 5 aspects,including the antenatal prevention,team building,nursing assessment,intervention strategies,and effecti-veness evaluation.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence summary for prevention and nursing care of pregnancy-induced diastasis recti abdominis,which can provide a reference basis for nurses to manage diastasis recti abdominis and improve the life quality of maternal woman.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of combined cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and routine blood parameter analysis in differentiating between multiple cerebral glioma(MCG)and primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).Methods We Rretrospectively analyzed the clinical data,CSF and routine blood indicators levels of 62 MCG patients and 56 PCNSL patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University from November 2017 to March 2023.Additionally,we assessed the diagnostic value of individual meaningful indicators as well as their combinations in distinguishing between MCG and PCNSL.Results The levels of CSF total cell count,CSF white cell count,CSF:pro,lactate,routine bloodperipheral neutrophil count,and neu-trophil percentage were significantly higher in the MCG group than in the PCNSL group(P<0.05);while the levels of CSF:Glu,CSF:cl,routine blood lymphocyte count,eosinophil,lymphocyte percentage,and eosinophil percent-age were significantly higher in the PCNSL group than in the MCG group(P<0.05).The AUCs of CSF cell count,CSF white cell count,CSF:pro,lactate,routine blood neutrophil count,neutrophil percentage for differentiating MCG from PCNSL were 0.900,0.899,0.797,0.867,0.828 and 0.772 respectively;sensitivities were 72.4%,77.6%,63.8%,67.2%,72.4%,82.8%,77.6%and 81%,with sensitivities of 97.1%,100%,88.2%,91.2%,88.2%,64.7%,100%and 94.1%,respectively.In addition,the combined detection of CSF total cell count,CSF white cell count,CSF:pro,routine blood neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage in CSF had an AUC of 0.919 for differentiating MCG from PCNSL,with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.6%and 100%,respectively.Conclusions Combined detection of CSF indicators including CSF total cell count,CSF white cell count,CSF:pro,along with routine blood markers such as neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage,holds significant clinical utility for differ-entiating between MCG and PCNSL.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the communication needs of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mechanical ventilation patients during the mechanical ventilation process.Methods:This study was a descriptive qualitative study. From January to June 2022, purposive sampling was used to select 15 awake ICU patients with mechanical ventilation at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University as the research objects, and in-depth interviews were conducted. The content analysis method was used to analyze interview data, summarize and generalize themes.Results:Two themes and ten sub-themes were extracted, namely the multiple needs during mechanical ventilation (physiological needs, communication and physical expression, constraints and activities, longing for family companionship, discomfort to the ICU environment), complex feelings and experiences during mechanical ventilation (pain caused by mechanical ventilation, fear of awakening from sedation, anxiety and concern about the condition, unpleasant communication and nursing experiences, negative emotions) .Conclusions:Medical and nursing staff should promptly identify the communication needs of ICU mechanical ventilation patients, apply intelligent communication tools, provide personalized intervention measures, and meet the communication needs of patients.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is a common complication after stroke,which significantly affects quality of life.However,the pathogenesis has not been fully explained.Increasing evidence has shown that the mechanism of programmed cell death(PCD)is related to PSCI,including apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,PANoptosis,parthanatos,and ferroptosis.Therefore,it is crucial to clearly understand the various mechanisms of PCD and their relationship with PSCI,and to elucidate the role of PCD in PSCI pathogenesis.The article reviews six PCD pathways related to PSCI,summarizes their mechanisms of action in PSCI,and elucidates the possible crosstalk among pathways to provide a basis for clinical targeting of regulatory factors in the PCD pathway for PSCI treatment.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is mainly manifested as learning and memory disorders.Highly enriched RNA m6A methylation modification in mammalian brain is involved in glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation.Given that neuroinflammation is the main mechanism for neural damage and spatial and memory impairment of PSCI,it is speculated that RNA m6A methylation modification can regulate the inflammatory response of glial cells after stroke to improve PSCI.This review summarizes and analyzes the role of RNA m6A methylation modification in the development of PSCI and analyzes its detailed mechanism of regulating glial cell-mediated inflammation,which will provide reference for researchers in this field.