Objective:To analyze the infection status of HBV among the healthy population in Tongchuan city in 2023, and compare it against the data from 2006, 2014, and 2020, thereby elucidating epidemiological trends and providing reference for optimizing hepatitis B prevention and control strategies in Tongchuan city.Methods:By using the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, healthy people aged 1-59 from eight villages/communities in the four districts and counties of Tongchuan city were selected for on-site investigation and blood sample collection. ELISA was used to detect the five hepatitis B markers of the survey respondents, including HBsAg and HBsAb, and the seroprevalence rates of the populations with different characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test.Results:In 2023, a total of 1 926 healthy people were surveyed. After standardization, the positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative were 0.56%, 54.57%, 26.77%, and 33.05%, respectively. Children aged 1-4 had the lowest positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBV, as well as the lowest rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative, while they had the highest positive rate of HBsAb. In the population aged 1-29, the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative showed an upward trend with increasing age, while the positive rate of HBsAb showed a downward trend. In particular, the positive rate of HBsAb dropped sharply in the 5-14 age group. In 2023, the positive rate of HBV in the population aged 1-29 was 10.93% (111/1 016), and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative was 38.39% (390/1 016), both lower than the results of the previous three surveys. The positive rate of HBsAb was 56.69% (576/1 016) in people aged 1-29 in 2023, which was higher than the results of the previous three surveys.Conclusions:Although certain achievements have been made in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Tongchuan city in 2023, with more than one-third of the population showing all negative results in the five hepatitis B tests, the positive rate of HBsAb in the 5-14 age group has dropped sharply. Further actions required for hepatitis B prevention and control in Tongchuan city include optimizing the childhood immunization schedule for national immunization program vaccines, implementing booster programs for adolescents, and developing tailored immunization strategies for adults.

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells. We reveal that under distinct epigenetic regulations, the early activated CD8+ T cells divergently originated for short-lived effector and memory precursor effector cells. We also uncover a defined epigenetic rewiring leading to the conversion from effector memory to central memory cells during memory formation. Additionally, we illustrate chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying long-lasting versus transient transcription regulation during memory differentiation. Finally, we confirm the essential roles of Sox4 and Nrf2 in developing memory precursor effector and effector memory cells, respectively, and validate cell state-specific enhancers in regulating Il7r using CRISPR-Cas9. Our data pave the way for understanding the mechanism underlying epigenetic memory formation in CD8+ T-cell differentiation.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/immunology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Immunologic Memory ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; SOXC Transcription Factors/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Objective:To analyze the infection status of HBV among the healthy population in Tongchuan city in 2023, and compare it against the data from 2006, 2014, and 2020, thereby elucidating epidemiological trends and providing reference for optimizing hepatitis B prevention and control strategies in Tongchuan city.Methods:By using the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, healthy people aged 1-59 from eight villages/communities in the four districts and counties of Tongchuan city were selected for on-site investigation and blood sample collection. ELISA was used to detect the five hepatitis B markers of the survey respondents, including HBsAg and HBsAb, and the seroprevalence rates of the populations with different characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test.Results:In 2023, a total of 1 926 healthy people were surveyed. After standardization, the positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative were 0.56%, 54.57%, 26.77%, and 33.05%, respectively. Children aged 1-4 had the lowest positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBV, as well as the lowest rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative, while they had the highest positive rate of HBsAb. In the population aged 1-29, the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative showed an upward trend with increasing age, while the positive rate of HBsAb showed a downward trend. In particular, the positive rate of HBsAb dropped sharply in the 5-14 age group. In 2023, the positive rate of HBV in the population aged 1-29 was 10.93% (111/1 016), and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative was 38.39% (390/1 016), both lower than the results of the previous three surveys. The positive rate of HBsAb was 56.69% (576/1 016) in people aged 1-29 in 2023, which was higher than the results of the previous three surveys.Conclusions:Although certain achievements have been made in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Tongchuan city in 2023, with more than one-third of the population showing all negative results in the five hepatitis B tests, the positive rate of HBsAb in the 5-14 age group has dropped sharply. Further actions required for hepatitis B prevention and control in Tongchuan city include optimizing the childhood immunization schedule for national immunization program vaccines, implementing booster programs for adolescents, and developing tailored immunization strategies for adults.

Lipid droplet were once simply regarded as depots for neutral lipids,but recent studies have shown that they play an important role in signal transduction,metabolism,and inflammation in glial cells,especially in microglia.Microglia are resident mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system and are closely associated with inflammation,phagocytosis,myelin repair,aging,and neurodegenerative diseases.However,further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of lipid droplet formation in microglia and its influence on histopathology and related diseases.This article summarizes the recent research findings,in order to further clarify these issues.

Objective To explore tumor control in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)through low-dose chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1 combination therapy.Methods 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were given either chemotherapy alone or combined with anti-PD-L1.The tumor growth and body weight of these mice were tracked,with immune profiles in the tumor microenvironment(TME)evaluated by flow cytometry.Results After single or combination use of carboplatin,cisplatin and paclitaxel in clinical dosage with or without anti-PD-L1,the body weight of 4T1-tumor bearing mice decreased rapidly and these mice were prone to death.Low-dose carboplatin had no effect on tumor control.Low-dose cisplatin and paclitaxel alone can delay the growth of 4T1,while low-dose cisplatin with anti-PD-L1 could enhance tumor control and increase the number and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+T cells.Conclusion Low-dose cisplatin with anti-PD-L1 presents a promising approach for TNBC control,which is attributed to the increase of tumor-specific CD8+T cells and enhanced effector function.

Objective To explore tumor control in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)through low-dose chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1 combination therapy.Methods 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were given either chemotherapy alone or combined with anti-PD-L1.The tumor growth and body weight of these mice were tracked,with immune profiles in the tumor microenvironment(TME)evaluated by flow cytometry.Results After single or combination use of carboplatin,cisplatin and paclitaxel in clinical dosage with or without anti-PD-L1,the body weight of 4T1-tumor bearing mice decreased rapidly and these mice were prone to death.Low-dose carboplatin had no effect on tumor control.Low-dose cisplatin and paclitaxel alone can delay the growth of 4T1,while low-dose cisplatin with anti-PD-L1 could enhance tumor control and increase the number and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+T cells.Conclusion Low-dose cisplatin with anti-PD-L1 presents a promising approach for TNBC control,which is attributed to the increase of tumor-specific CD8+T cells and enhanced effector function.

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a type of soft tissue sarcoma originating in vascular endothelial cells, without obvious gender differences in the incidence rate and specific early clinical manifestations, whilstpericardial effusion often found at the first presentation of most patients. Tumors are mostly located in the right atrium and pericardium. Echocardiography is the preferred examination method for diagnosing cardiac angiosarcoma and multimodal imaging is important in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cardiac mass. This article retrospectively analyzes the 25 cases of clinical manifestations and imaging features of primary cardiac angiosarcoma.

The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus has become a global public health challenge. Some patients accompany with liver function damage in addition to the main typical respiratory symptom. Here we analyzed the clinical features, susceptible population, potential causes and therapeutic strategies of NCP related liver injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of down-regulating Cyclin D1 expression on Mdm2 gene expression and proliferation of human hepatoma cells.Methods Cyclin D1-siRNA was transfected into the hu man hepatoma cell line Hep3B s with liposome.The experiment was divided into the blank control group,negative control siRNA (NC-siRNA) group and Cyclin D1-siRNA group.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Cyclin D1,Mdm2,Mdm4,P53 and P21.The cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer;the cellular activity was tested with MTT;the cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL.Results Compared with the blank control group and NC-siRNA group,the expressions of P53 and P21 in the Cyclin D1-siRNA group were increased (P＜0.05),while the expressions of Cyclin D1,Mdm2 and Mdm4 were decreased (P＜0.01);there were no significant differences in the G1,S and G2 phases among 3 groups(P＞0.05);the cell vitality in the in the Cyclin D1-siRNA group was significantly weakened compared with the other two groups(P＜0.01),while the cell apoptosis was significantly enhanced(P＜0.01).Conclusion The down-regulation of Cyclin D1 gene expression could inhibit the expressions of Mdm2 and Mdm4,and up-regulates the expressions of P53 and P21.Down-regulating Cyclin D1 expression can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells and promotes their apoptosis.

Objective To investigate and compare the prevalence of overweight,obesity and central obesity in 2003 and 2013 in a community in Chongqing,and to analyse their prevalence trends.Methods Surveys were conducted in 2003 and 2013 in the community population,and the investigation included questionnaires,anthropometric measurements,blood glucose and lipid determination.Results The number of participants in 2003 and 2013 were 3 073 and 5 938,respectively.The age standardized prevalence of overweight increased from 44.3％ in 2003 to 45.5％ in 2013 in males and declined from 28.3％ to 26.6％ in females,but there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.407,0.260).The age standardized prevalence of obesity was steady in males (10.0％ vs.10.3％,P＞0.05),but declined significantly in females (8.3％ vs.6.3％,P＜0.05).For central obesity,the age standardized prevalence in 2003 and 2013 was 50.9％,53.9％ in males and 39.6％,35.7％ in females,which increased significantly among males and decreased significantly among females (P=0.042,0.017).Conclusion The prevalence of overweight,general obesity and central obesity is relatively high in the community,and males have a more significant increase in the prevalence of central obesity.