BACKGROUND:When exercising in a cold environment,the body's inflammatory response is affected by both low temperature and exercise intervention,and its impact and mechanism remain to be explored.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of cold water swimming on inflammatory response of rats based on transcriptome sequencing technology.METHODS:40 male SD rats were randomly divided into room temperature control group,room temperature swimming group,cold water control group,and cold water swimming group,with 10 rats in each group.The room temperature control group had no intervention and was free to eat.The room temperature swimming group received swimming at 30 min/time,6 times/week,for 5 weeks;the water temperature was(28±2)℃,and the water depth was 35 cm.In the cold water control group,the rats were placed in a water tank with a depth of 3 cm;the water temperature was(18±2)℃,and they were free to move.The cold water swimming group received swimming at 30 min/time,6 times/week,for 5 weeks;the water temperature was(18±2)℃,and the water depth was 35 cm.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Based on the transcriptome sequencing results,differentially expressed genes were screened to draw Venn diagrams and heat maps,and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed.The protein-protein interaction network was used to screen core genes.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of IRF7,OAS2,and OASL in rat spleen tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ELISA results showed that compared with the room temperature control group,the levels of various inflammatory indicators in the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the cold water control group.Compared with the room temperature swimming group,there was no significant difference in the expression of inflammatory indicators in the cold water swimming group.Compared with the cold water control group,the expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the cold water swimming group showed an upward trend,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein increased significantly(P＜0.05).(2)Transcriptome analysis:Venn diagram showed that there were 39 differentially expressed genes affected by the dual factors of temperature and exercise intervention.Cluster heat map analysis results showed that the overall gene expression trends of the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group were similar,and the cold water control group showed an opposite trend.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the immune system,locomotion,nucleic acid-binding transcription factor activity,NOD-like receptor signaling pathways and other pathways.The number of genes enriched in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was relatively large,and the q value was small,which may be a key pathway.The protein-protein interaction network screened out IRF7,OAS2,OASL,IFIT2,IFIT3 and other core genes.(3)RT-qPCR verification results showed that compared with the room temperature control group,the expressions of IRF7,OAS2 and OASL were significantly increased in the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group(P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference in the cold water control group.Compared with the cold water control group,the expression of each gene was significantly increased in the cold water swimming group(P＜0.01).(4)It is concluded that cold water swimming can promote inflammatory response,and its mechanism may be regulated through the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Cannabidiol is effective in ameliorating the body's inflammatory response,but no clear mechanistic studies have been conducted to ameliorate skeletal muscle inflammation induced by exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which cannabidiol improves skeletal muscle inflammation during exhaustive exercise by using transcriptome sequencing technology. METHODS:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:blank control group,exercise coconut oil group,exercise control group,50 mg/kg cannabidiol group,60 mg/kg cannabidiol group,and 70 mg/kg cannabidiol group,with six rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in each group were subjected to swimming exercise for 9 days to produce the exhaustive exercise model.At the end of each swimming exercise,rats in the cannabidiol groups were given 2 mL of fat-soluble cannabidiol at different concentrations(50,60,and 70 mg/kg)by gavage;rats in the exercise coconut oil group were given the same volume of coconut oil by gavage until the end of the exercise on the 9th day;and rats in the blank control group and the exercise control group were not given any special treatment.The levels of inflammatory factors and differentially expressed genes in the skeletal muscle of rats in each group were determined using ELISA and transcriptome sequencing techniques.Differentially expressed genes obtained were subjected to KEGG analysis,and the accuracy of the sequencing data was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of ELISA showed that the contents of interleukin-6(P<0.05),tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.01),interleukin-10 and other inflammatory factors in the exercise group increased significantly compared with the blank control group and the coconut oil group.After cannabidiol intervention,the mass concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a sequential decrease with increasing cannabidiol concentration.By comparing GO and KEGG databases,the functional properties of differentially expressed genes were analyzed,and the results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.RT-qPCR results showed that the trends of five randomly selected differentially expressed genes were in agreement with the transcriptome sequencing results.To conclude,cannabidiol can improve skeletal muscle inflammation caused by exhaustive exercise.

Objective To investigate the value of multiple quantitative parameters derived from Hawk spectral CT in predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Preoperative Hawk spectral CT images of 57 cancerous foci from 44 PTC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent lymph node dissection.Based on pathological results,the patients were categorized into metastatic group(26 patients with 35 cancerous foci)and non-metastatic group(18 patients with 22 cancerous foci).The CT morphological features of the primary PTC lesions included location,diameter,bite-cookie sign,and calcification,respectively.Quantitative parameters of Hawk spectral CT plain scan,arterial phase(AP)and venous phase(VP),including conventional CT values,virtual monoenergetic imaging(MonoE)CT values(40 keV,100 keV),effective atomic number(Zeff)and electron density(Rho),respectively.The rank sum test or chi-square test was used to compare the differences in CT morphological features and Hawk spectral CT quantitative parameters between the two groups.For parameters with significant differences,logistic regression was used to construct a combined model.Area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined model.Results There was statistically significant difference in the diameter of the primary lesion between the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05),and the diameter of the primary lesion in the metastatic group was larger than that in the non-metastatic group.The conventional CT value,MonoE CT values(40 keV,100 keV),Rho and Zeff in plain scan,AP-Rho,and VP-MonoE CT value(100 keV)of the primary lesion in the metastatic group were all significantly lower than those in the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05).The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT plain scan parameter combination model were 0.765,0.754,0.800,and 0.682,respectively.The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT enhancement parameter combination model were 0.726,0.667,0.600,and 0.786,respectively.Conclusion Through the analysis of multiple quantitative parameters from Hawk spectral CT of PTC primary lesion,the primary lesion in the metastatic group exhibited significant differences from those in the non-metastatic group in multiple quantitative parameters,which can further improve the predictive efficacy for lymph node metastasis.

BACKGROUND:When exercising in a cold environment,the body's inflammatory response is affected by both low temperature and exercise intervention,and its impact and mechanism remain to be explored.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of cold water swimming on inflammatory response of rats based on transcriptome sequencing technology.METHODS:40 male SD rats were randomly divided into room temperature control group,room temperature swimming group,cold water control group,and cold water swimming group,with 10 rats in each group.The room temperature control group had no intervention and was free to eat.The room temperature swimming group received swimming at 30 min/time,6 times/week,for 5 weeks;the water temperature was(28±2)℃,and the water depth was 35 cm.In the cold water control group,the rats were placed in a water tank with a depth of 3 cm;the water temperature was(18±2)℃,and they were free to move.The cold water swimming group received swimming at 30 min/time,6 times/week,for 5 weeks;the water temperature was(18±2)℃,and the water depth was 35 cm.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Based on the transcriptome sequencing results,differentially expressed genes were screened to draw Venn diagrams and heat maps,and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed.The protein-protein interaction network was used to screen core genes.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of IRF7,OAS2,and OASL in rat spleen tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ELISA results showed that compared with the room temperature control group,the levels of various inflammatory indicators in the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the cold water control group.Compared with the room temperature swimming group,there was no significant difference in the expression of inflammatory indicators in the cold water swimming group.Compared with the cold water control group,the expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the cold water swimming group showed an upward trend,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein increased significantly(P＜0.05).(2)Transcriptome analysis:Venn diagram showed that there were 39 differentially expressed genes affected by the dual factors of temperature and exercise intervention.Cluster heat map analysis results showed that the overall gene expression trends of the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group were similar,and the cold water control group showed an opposite trend.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the immune system,locomotion,nucleic acid-binding transcription factor activity,NOD-like receptor signaling pathways and other pathways.The number of genes enriched in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was relatively large,and the q value was small,which may be a key pathway.The protein-protein interaction network screened out IRF7,OAS2,OASL,IFIT2,IFIT3 and other core genes.(3)RT-qPCR verification results showed that compared with the room temperature control group,the expressions of IRF7,OAS2 and OASL were significantly increased in the room temperature swimming group and the cold water swimming group(P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference in the cold water control group.Compared with the cold water control group,the expression of each gene was significantly increased in the cold water swimming group(P＜0.01).(4)It is concluded that cold water swimming can promote inflammatory response,and its mechanism may be regulated through the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the value of multiple quantitative parameters derived from Hawk spectral CT in predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Preoperative Hawk spectral CT images of 57 cancerous foci from 44 PTC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent lymph node dissection.Based on pathological results,the patients were categorized into metastatic group(26 patients with 35 cancerous foci)and non-metastatic group(18 patients with 22 cancerous foci).The CT morphological features of the primary PTC lesions included location,diameter,bite-cookie sign,and calcification,respectively.Quantitative parameters of Hawk spectral CT plain scan,arterial phase(AP)and venous phase(VP),including conventional CT values,virtual monoenergetic imaging(MonoE)CT values(40 keV,100 keV),effective atomic number(Zeff)and electron density(Rho),respectively.The rank sum test or chi-square test was used to compare the differences in CT morphological features and Hawk spectral CT quantitative parameters between the two groups.For parameters with significant differences,logistic regression was used to construct a combined model.Area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined model.Results There was statistically significant difference in the diameter of the primary lesion between the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05),and the diameter of the primary lesion in the metastatic group was larger than that in the non-metastatic group.The conventional CT value,MonoE CT values(40 keV,100 keV),Rho and Zeff in plain scan,AP-Rho,and VP-MonoE CT value(100 keV)of the primary lesion in the metastatic group were all significantly lower than those in the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05).The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT plain scan parameter combination model were 0.765,0.754,0.800,and 0.682,respectively.The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT enhancement parameter combination model were 0.726,0.667,0.600,and 0.786,respectively.Conclusion Through the analysis of multiple quantitative parameters from Hawk spectral CT of PTC primary lesion,the primary lesion in the metastatic group exhibited significant differences from those in the non-metastatic group in multiple quantitative parameters,which can further improve the predictive efficacy for lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the optimal angle of bedhead elevation during logrolling of patients with severe stroke supported by continuous enteral nutrition via gastric tube administration, and to provide a basis for safe infusion of enteral nutrition in clinical practice.Methods:This study was a prospective study, and the repeated measurement method was used. A total of 154 patients with severe stroke who were admitted to the Neurology Intensive Care Unit of the the 960th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army and treated with continuous enteral nutrition support from January to October 2023 were selected as the study participants by convenience sampling method. The times and duration of cardia reflux in 5 min were observed under ultrasound when the bedhead elevation angle during logrolling of the study participants was 30°, 20°, 10°, and 0°, respectively, and the incidence of reflux and aspiration during the observation period were recorded.Results:A total of 148 patients were eventually included. Among them, 81 were males and 67 were females, aged 38-80 (65.79 ± 10.96) years. There were no significant differences in the incidence of reflux [18.24% (27/148) vs. 12.16% (18/148)] and aspiration [4.05% (6/148) vs. 1.35% (2/148)] when the angle of bedhead elevation during logrolling of patients with continuous enteral nutrition via gastric tube administration was 10° and 20° (all P>0.05). Nevertheless, compared with the incidence of reflux [37.16% (55/148)] and aspiration [(10.81% (16/148)] at the bedhead elevation angle of 0°, those measured at 10° or 20° were significantly different ( χ2 values were 4.91-24.89, all P<0.05). Conclusions:For patients with severe stroke supported by continuous enteral nutrition, bedhead elevation angle of 10° can not only prevent aspiration caused by gastric reflux, but also conform to the labor-saving principle during logrolling, which is the recommended angle of logrolling for patients with severe neurological diseases supported by continuous enteral nutrition.

Objective:To investigate the effects of self-made Gujin Xiaoji Mixture combined with warming needle therapy on the clinical efficacy and immune function of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with qi and yin deficiency syndrome.Methods:This experiment was a randomized controlled trial study. 180 patients with advanced NSCLC qi and yin deficiency syndrome in the oncology centre of Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the observation subjects from March 2021 to August 2022, and were divided into 2 groups using the random number table method, with 90 cases in each group. The control group received conventional chemotherapy combined with Sintilimab injection, 21 days as a cycle, with a total of 4 cycles of treatment; and the observation group received Gujin Xiaoji Mixture combined with warming needle therapy based on the control group, 7 days as one course of treatment, with a total of 12 courses. Both groups were followed up for 12 months. The TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment. The functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung (FACT-L) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients; flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and NK cell, and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was calculated; adverse drug reactions and progression free survival of patients during treatment were observed and recorded, the efficacy of TCM syndrome and objective efficacy of solid tumors were evaluated. Results:After treatment, the observation group's post-treatment TCM syndrome score (5.67±1.99 vs. 7.12±2.31, t=-4.53) was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.001); mobility (23.03±2.80 vs. 20.69±2.46, t=5.96), daily living (23.06±2.56 vs. 20.71± 2.33, t=6.42), emotional status (18.44±2.32 vs. 16.12±2.71, t=6.18), and other factors (33.14±4.11 vs. 27.39±4.64, t=8.81) and total score (97.68±7.23 vs. 84.91±7.49, t=11.64) were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). In the observation group, after treatment, the levels of CD3 + [(65.14±6.06)% vs. (59.84±5.74)%, t=6.02], CD4 + [(40.09±4.09)% vs. (35.69±3.86)%, t=7.43], NK cell [(29.11±4.81)% vs. (22.38±4.51)%, t=9.68] and CD4 +/CD8 + [(1.52±0.27) vs. (1.14±0.12), t=12.63] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and CD8 + [(26.82±3.79)% vs. (31.76±4.65)%, t=-7.81] level was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the objective remission rate in the observation group was 7.8% (7/90), and the disease control rate was 87.8% (79/90), while the objective remission rate after treatment in the control group was 5.5% (5/90), and the disease control rate was 82.2% (74/90), and there were no statistical significance in the comparison of objective remission rate and disease control rate of the 2 groups ( χ2=0.09, 0.70, P=0.765, 0.407). The total effective rate after treatment was 62.2% (56/90) in the observation group and 34.4% (31/90) in the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3.89, P<0.001). WBC [(4.27±1.12)×10 9/L vs. (3.84±1.11)×10 9/L, t=2.58] and haemoglobin [(119.93±17.25)g/L vs. (109.76±15.61)g/L, t=4.15] levels of the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.01). During follow-up, the median progression-free survival was 6.2 months in the observation group and 5.5 months in the control group patients, and the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically different ( t=0.11, P>0.05). Conclusion:The combination of Gujin Xiaoji Mixture with warming needle therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with advanced NSCLC with deficiency of qi and yin syndrome, improve the immunity and clinical efficacy of patients, alleviate the adverse effects of drugs, and prolong the progression-free survival period.

OBJECTIVE To study the extraction technology of Sophora flavescens-Phellodendron chinense drug pair and provide a reference for the development of new drugs for the treatment of anorectal diseases. METHODS Using the contents of total alkaloids of S. flavescens （matrine+oxymatrine）， berberine hydrochloride and total flavonoid， and extract yield as evaluation indicators， analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each indicator， and was combined with Box-Behnken design-response surface method to study the extraction technology of S. flavescens-P. chinense drug pair and verify it. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology of S. flavescens-P. chinense drug pair was immersed in 12-fold amount of 58% ethanol for 30 minutes and extracted twice， each time for 120 minutes. The relative error between the verification experimental results and the predicted value was 1.88%. CONCLUSIONS The obtained extraction technology is stable and feasible and can provide reference for the application of S. flavescens-P. chinense drug pair and development of new drugs.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the Orthopneumovirus  genus of the Pneumoviridae family in the order Mononegavirales. RSV can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections, sometimes with extrapulmonary complications. The disease burden of RSV infection is enormous, mainly affecting infants and older adults aged 75 years or above. Currently, treatment options for RSV are largely supportive. Prevention strategies remain a critical focus, with efforts centered on vaccine development and the use of prophylactic monoclonal antibodies. To date, three RSV vaccines have been approved for active immunization among individuals aged 60 years and above. For children who are not eligible for these vaccines, passive immunization is recommended. A newly approved prophylactic monoclonal antibody, Nirsevimab, which offers enhanced neutralizing activity and an extended half-life, provides exceptional protection for high-risk infants and young children. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed exploration of RSV's virology, immunology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use*

Objective:To evaluate the intestinal function in rats with exertional heat stroke (EHS) and explore the protective role of Ruifuping pectin (RFP) against heat related intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:One hundred and twenty healthy special pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normothermic control group, EHS model group, hyperthermic plus drinking water group (H 2O+EHS group) and hyperthermic plus pectin group (RFP+EHS group) with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the H 2O+EHS group and RFP+EHS group were given water 20 mL/kg or RFP 20 mL/kg orally for 5 days during adaptive training period. After 1 week, the temperature control range was adjusted to (37±1)℃ using the temperature control treadmill, and the rat model of EHS was reproduced by one-time high temperature exhaustive exercise. No rehydration intervention was given during the training adaptation period in the EHS model group. The rats in the normothermic control group were maintained to room temperature (25±2)℃ and humidity (55±5)% without other treatment. Behavior tests including withdraw response, righting, and muscle strength were performed immediately after onset of EHS. Blood of inferior vena cava was collected, and the serum inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10)] and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal mucosa was collected, after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu score was performed to assess EHS induced pathological changes under light microscope. Results:The rats in the EHS model group had behavioral, inflammatory and pathological changes, such as delayed withdraw response and righting, decreased forelimb pulling, increased inflammatory index, and obvious intestinal mucosal injury, which indicated that the reproduction of the EHS model was successful. There was no significant difference in above parameters between the H 2O+EHS group and the EHS model group except that the inflammatory index in the RFP+EHS group was improved. Compared with the EHS model group, the withdraw reflex to pain and righting after RFP pretreatment in the RFP+EHS group were significantly improved (righting score: 1.4±0.2 vs. 0.3±0.2, withdraw reflex to pain score: 1.0±0.1 vs. 0.2±0.1, both P < 0.05), the muscle strength was significantly increased (N: 13.0±0.5 vs. 8.2±0.6, P < 0.01). The levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the RFP+EHS group were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [TNF-α (ng/L): 67.5±9.2 vs. 194.3±13.7, IL-6 (ng/L): 360.0±54.1 vs. 981.2±84.4, IL-1β (ng/L): 33.7±9.0 vs. 88.7±6.1, all P < 0.01], while the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was higher than that in the EHS model group (ng/L: 208.7±10.5 vs. 103.7±7.0, P < 0.01). The degree of intestinal mucosal injury in the RFP+EHS group was less severe than that in the EHS model group, and the Chiu score and DAO were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [Chiu score: 1.5±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.0, DAO (U/L): 83.7±6.7 vs. 128.7±10.5, both P < 0.05]. Conclusions:High temperature training can damage the intestinal barrier function, and induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats. Oral prophylactic RFP can protect the intestinal barrier function, alleviate SIRS, and promote the recovery of basic nerve reflex and muscle strength after the occurrence of EHS in rats.