This paper summarizes professor WANG Shouchuan's clinical experience in treating childhood absence epilepsy based on the theory of "five zang （脏） organs storing the spirit". It is believed that dysfunction of the five zang organs in storing the spirit is the key pathogenesis of childhood absence epilepsy， proposing that the fundamental therapeutic principle is regulating the spirit by tonifying the five zang organs. Treatment is performed based on differentiation of heart， liver， spleen， lung， and kidney epilepsy. For heart epilepsy， the treatment focuses on harmonizing qi and blood and regulating heart spirit， with Yangxin Anshen Decoction （养心安神汤） or Daochi Ningshen Decoction （导赤宁神汤） selected according to deficiency or excess syndrome. For liver epilepsy， the treatment aims to subdue wind-yang and calm liver spirit， using Bugan Zhenhun Decoction （补肝镇魂汤） or Gouma Qianhun Decoction（钩麻潜魂汤） based on deficiency or excess syndrome. For spleen epilepsy， the treatment concentrates on resolving phlegm-turbidity and restoring spleen thought， employing Guipi Yangyi Decoction （归脾养意汤） or Changyu Huatan Decoction （菖郁化痰汤） in line with deficiency or excess syndrome. For lung epilepsy， the treatment focuses on expelling exogenous pathogens and consolidating lung corporeal soul， applying Yuping Gupo Decoction （玉屏固魄汤） or Xiebai Anpo Decoction （泻白安魄汤） according to deficiency or excess syndrome. For kidney epilepsy， the treatment aims to strengthen the primordial qi and replenish kidney will， with Dihuang Yuanzhi Decoction （地黄远志汤）. The self-made Dingxian Powder （定痫散） is used dynamically throughout the course， emphasizing the flexible application of decoctions， pills and syrupsis.

This paper summarizes professor WANG Shouchuan's clinical experience in treating childhood absence epilepsy based on the theory of "five zang （脏） organs storing the spirit". It is believed that dysfunction of the five zang organs in storing the spirit is the key pathogenesis of childhood absence epilepsy， proposing that the fundamental therapeutic principle is regulating the spirit by tonifying the five zang organs. Treatment is performed based on differentiation of heart， liver， spleen， lung， and kidney epilepsy. For heart epilepsy， the treatment focuses on harmonizing qi and blood and regulating heart spirit， with Yangxin Anshen Decoction （养心安神汤） or Daochi Ningshen Decoction （导赤宁神汤） selected according to deficiency or excess syndrome. For liver epilepsy， the treatment aims to subdue wind-yang and calm liver spirit， using Bugan Zhenhun Decoction （补肝镇魂汤） or Gouma Qianhun Decoction（钩麻潜魂汤） based on deficiency or excess syndrome. For spleen epilepsy， the treatment concentrates on resolving phlegm-turbidity and restoring spleen thought， employing Guipi Yangyi Decoction （归脾养意汤） or Changyu Huatan Decoction （菖郁化痰汤） in line with deficiency or excess syndrome. For lung epilepsy， the treatment focuses on expelling exogenous pathogens and consolidating lung corporeal soul， applying Yuping Gupo Decoction （玉屏固魄汤） or Xiebai Anpo Decoction （泻白安魄汤） according to deficiency or excess syndrome. For kidney epilepsy， the treatment aims to strengthen the primordial qi and replenish kidney will， with Dihuang Yuanzhi Decoction （地黄远志汤）. The self-made Dingxian Powder （定痫散） is used dynamically throughout the course， emphasizing the flexible application of decoctions， pills and syrupsis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of CT-fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and fat attenuation index (FAI) based on artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic software in coronary artery stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients clinically suspected of coronary artery syndrome who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography at Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between June 2021 and May 2025. Patients were divided into two groups according to scanning protocols: group A underwent conventional retrospective electrocardiography-gated scanning, while group B used Flash_ChestPlin mode. Invasive coronary angiography data served as the gold standard for diagnosing vascular stenosis (stenosis rate<50% defined as negative group, ≥50% with clinical symptoms as positive group). Radiation dose was compared between the two scanning protocols. The diagnostic efficacy of CT-FFR, pericoronary FAI, and transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) based on artificial intelligence system for coronary stenosis was analyzed, including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). Results A total of 567 vessels from 189 patients were analyzed, including 105 males, 84 females with a mean age of (62.5±12.3) years and a mean body mass index of (24.21±3.5) kg/m2. There were 112 patients in the group A and 77 patients in the group B. The radiation dose in the group B was significantly lower than that in the group A [69.7 (58.1, 84.1) mGy·cm vs. 420.4 (338.6, 514.2) mGy·cm, P<0.001]. Significant differences in FAI and CT-FFR were observed between negative and positive groups under both scanning protocols (P<0.05), while no significant difference existed in TAG (P>0.05). In the group A, the AUC values for diagnosing stenosis were 0.925 for CT-FFR, 0.615 for FAI, and 0.516 for TAG. Corresponding values in the group B were 0.889, 0.677, and 0.548 respectively, with CT-FFR demonstrating optimal diagnostic performance. Conclusion Under both conventional scanning and Flash scanning, the artificial intelligence-based CT-FFR demonstrates good diagnostic performance for coronary artery stenosis, and the Flash protocol significantly lowers radiation dose, indicating substantial potential for clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory combined with endovascular intervention in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS: Sixty-six IS patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a control group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped out). The control group received endovascular intervention. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the experimental group received acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory starting from the second day after surgery, Baihui (GV20) and bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Tianzhu (BL10), etc. were selected, once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), modified Barthel index (MBI) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) were observed in the two groups, the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, the NIHSS and mRS scores were decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.01), the NIHSS and mRS scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the MBI scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.01), the MBI score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the experimental group was 86.7% (26/30), which was higher than 66.7% (20/30) in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 6.7% (2/30), which was lower than 13.3% (4/30) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture based on the "head qijie" theory combined with endovascular intervention in treating IS has good efficacy, improves neurological function, and enhances daily living ability.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Ischemic Stroke/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Endovascular Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on liver lipid metabolism and gut microecology in mice with metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to clarify its potential mechanism. MethodsA total of 50 male C57 mice were randomly divided into Control group， type 2 diabetes+MAFLD group （MAFLD group）， dapagliflozin group （DAPA group）， meldonium group （THP group）， and dapagliflozin+meldonium group （DAPA+THP group）， with 10 mice in each group. High-fat diet combined with streptozotocin was used to establish a mouse model of MAFLD. Treatment outcomes were assessed based on histopathology and biochemical parameters such as blood glucose and blood lipid levels， and the transcriptomic and metagenomic analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes and the changes in gut microbiota. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison between two groups； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Nemenyi test was used for comparison between two groups. ResultsHistopathological examination showed that the mice in the MAFLD group had excessive lipid deposition and hepatocyte steatosis； compared with the MAFLD group， the DAPA group had a significant improvement in hepatocyte steatosis， while the THP group and the DAPA+THP group had a less significant improvement compared with the DAPA group. Compared with the Control group， the MAFLD group had a significant increase in fasting blood glucose （P<0.05）， significant increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， malondialdehyde， total cholesterol， triglyceride， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （P<0.05）， and a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （P<0.05）. Compared with the MAFLD group， the DAPA group， the THP group， and the DAPA+THP group had significant reductions in the serum levels of ALT and AST （P<0.05）. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that compared with the Control group， the MAFLD group had significant changes in gut microbiota， with an increase in Firmicutes and a reduction in Bacteroidetes， as well as reductions in S24-7 and Erysipelotrichaceae and an increase in Lactobacillaceae. The levels of the above flora were upregulated to normal levels in the DAPA group， the THP group， and the DAPA+THP group. The liver transcriptomic analysis showed that the enriched metabolic pathways included steroid hormone biosynthesis， bile secretion， inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP， fatty acid elongation， and lipid biodegradation processes， and the related genes mainly involved the key targets of lipid metabolism such as Acot2， Angptl4， Scd2， and Npc1l1. ConclusionDapagliflozin can alleviate MAFLD through the pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis， bile secretion， inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP， and fatty acid elongation， as well as by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis.

Objective: To investigate the value of decreased carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) kinetics in predicting short-term outcomes and determining prognosis among advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer patients receiving first-or second-line therapy in the real world. Methods : Eighty-nine patients were retrospectively collected with advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer, especially on the CA19-9 dynamics and decline rates at different time points. This study evaluated the association of CA19-9 changes with clinicopathological features, short-term response to antitumor therapy, and survival outcomes. Results : The enrolled patients recorded baseline CA19-9 levels ranging from 1.20 to 65 706.40 U/ml, with a median of 303.11 U/ml. There was no statistical correlation between baseline CA19-9 levels and gender, age, body mass index, primary tumor site, hepatic metastases, pulmonary metastases, lymph node metastases, peritoneal metastases, performance status, treatment lines, and combinations of drug types. Baseline CA19-9 levels were not associated with systemic immunoinflammatory index, prognostic nutritional index, and total bilirubin. A 25% or 50% decrease in CA19-9 after 2-3 therapy courses indicated short-term efficacy in reaching tumor objective remission or disease control. Both combinations of multiple drug types and a 25% decline in CA19-9 after one course of treatment were independent prognostic factors that affected the longer progression-free survival of patients receiving first or second line of treatment. Conclusion Decreased CA19-9 kinetics has specific values in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer.

The development and validation of clinical prediction models based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods have become increasingly widespread. However, the prediction model bias risk and applicability evaluation tool developed in 2019 (i.e., PROBAST-2019) has shown significant limitations. Therefore, an expanded and updated version of the PROBAST-2019 tool was released in 2025, known as the PROBAST+AI tool. The tool is divided into two parts including model development and model evaluation. It aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate potential methodological quality issues in model development, bias risks in model evaluation, and the applicability of models, regardless of the modeling method used. This paper provides a systematic interpretation of the PROBAST+AI tool's items and case analyses, with the aim of guiding and assisting researchers engaged in related studies and promoting the high-quality development of clinical predictive model research.

Objective: To establish a prediction model for high-risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) among residents aged 35 to 75 years, so as to provide the basis for improving CVD prevention and control measures. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35 to 75 years were selected from Dongcheng District, Beijing Municipality using the stratified random sampling method from 2018 to 2023. Demographic information, lifestyle, waist circumference and blood biochemical indicators were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Influencing factors for high-risk CVD among residents aged 35 to 75 years were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model, and a prediction model for high-risk CVD was established. The predictive effect was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 6 968 individuals were surveyed, including 2 821 males (40.49%) and 4 147 females (59.51%), and had a mean age of (59.92±9.33) years. There were 1 155 high-risk CVD population, with a detection rate of 16.58%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, smoking, central obesity, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were influencing factors for high-risk CVD among residents aged 35 to 75 years (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the established prediction model was 0.849 (95%CI: 0.834-0.863), with a sensitivity of 0.693 and a specificity of 0.863, indicating good discrimination. Conclusion The model constructed by eight factors including demographic characteristics, lifestyle and blood biochemical indicators has good predictive value for high-risk CVD among residents aged 35 to 75 years.

Objective:To develop and validate the reliability and validity of the care giver assessment via observation (CGAO) in general hospital .Methods:From July 4, 2022 to June 24, 2023, a total of 120 adult inpatients with somatic diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected by cluster sampling. All patients completed the CGAO, union physio-psycho-social assessment questionnaire (UPPSAQ-70) and patient health questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) assessment simultaneously. Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory analysis were used to explore the structural validity of CGAO by SPSS 26.0 software.The symptoms items and suicide risk assessed by UPPSAQ-70 and PHQ-9 were used as criteria to verify criterion validity.Results:Through exploratory factor analysis, a single-factor model could be constructed. The analysis based on item response theory suggested that it had a good fit with the single-factor stepwise response model ( χ2/ df=1.307, RMSEA=0.051, CFI=0.986, TLI=0.983). The CGAO total score was significantly positively correlated with the total scores of PHQ-9 and UPPSAQ-70 ( r=0.639, 0.518, both P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of the CGAO full scale was 0.735. Conclusion:CGAO has good reliability and validity in evaluating mental behavior of patients, and is suitable for early recognition of mental behavior abnormalities of inpatients in general hospitals.

It is considered that the fundamental pathogenesis of pediatric pertussis lies in the dysfunction of lung qi， and it is advocated to treat the disease with the method of regulating qi and relieving cough. Clinically， the disease is divided into three stages for syndrome differentiation and treatment， initial coughing stage， spasmodic coughing stage， and prolonged coughing stage. In the initial coughing stage， the pathogenesis involves invasion by external pathogens and failure of lung qi to disperse； the treatment principle is to release the exterior， expel pathogens， ventilate the lungs， and relieve cough. For cold patterns， modified San'ao Decoction （三拗汤） is prescribed； for heat type， a self-formulated Qingqi Xuanfei Decoction （清气宣肺汤） is used. In the spasmodic coughing stage， the pathogenesis is the congealing of phlegm and fire with impaired lung purification； the treatment focuses on eliminating phlegm， dredging the meridians， purging the lungs， and relieving cough. Mild cases are treated with a self-formulated Tongluo Xiefei Decoction （通络泻肺汤）， while severe cases are treated with a modified combination of Maxing Shigan Decoction （麻杏石甘汤） and Qianjin Weijing Decoction （千金苇茎汤）. In the prolonged coughing stage， the pathogenesis involves the depletion of qi and yin and latent pathogens in a weakened lung； the treatment aims to tonify qi， nourish yin， moisten the lungs， and eliminate residual pathogens. For lung yin deficiency， modified Shashen Maidong Decoction （沙参麦冬汤） is used； for lung-spleen qi deficiency， a self-formulated Jianpi Gufei Decoction （健脾固肺汤） is prescribed.