Objective:To observe the effect of mirror threshold load training on respiration of persons with respiratory muscle fatigue after a cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Fifty cerebral hemorrhage patients with respiratory muscle fatigue were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 25. In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the control group was given threshold load training of the respiratory muscles, while the observation group was provided with mirror threshold load training, twice a day in the morning and afternoon, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before the experiment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the treatment, everyone′s maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) was recorded. Before and after the 4 weeks forced expiration volume in the first second (FEV1) was measured along with 25% of the forced expiration volume (FEF25), maximum sound time (MPT) and respiration rate (RR).Results:At each time point the MIP and MEP values of both groups were significantly better than those before the treatment. After 4 weeks the average MIP and MEP values of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group. And after 4 weeks the FEV1, FEF25, MPT and RR values of both groups had also improved significantly, on average. All of the observation group′s averages except MPT were then significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Mirror threshold load training of the respiratory muscles can significantly improve the respiration of persons with respiratory muscle fatigue after a cerebral hemorrhage. It is more effective than respiratory muscle threshold load training.

Objective:To observe the effect of mirror threshold load training on respiration of persons with respiratory muscle fatigue after a cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Fifty cerebral hemorrhage patients with respiratory muscle fatigue were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 25. In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the control group was given threshold load training of the respiratory muscles, while the observation group was provided with mirror threshold load training, twice a day in the morning and afternoon, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before the experiment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the treatment, everyone′s maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) was recorded. Before and after the 4 weeks forced expiration volume in the first second (FEV1) was measured along with 25% of the forced expiration volume (FEF25), maximum sound time (MPT) and respiration rate (RR).Results:At each time point the MIP and MEP values of both groups were significantly better than those before the treatment. After 4 weeks the average MIP and MEP values of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group. And after 4 weeks the FEV1, FEF25, MPT and RR values of both groups had also improved significantly, on average. All of the observation group′s averages except MPT were then significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Mirror threshold load training of the respiratory muscles can significantly improve the respiration of persons with respiratory muscle fatigue after a cerebral hemorrhage. It is more effective than respiratory muscle threshold load training.

Objective: To describe the status quo of overweight and obesity among children aged 3 to 5 in Beijing and Tokyo, and to explore its relationship with lifestyle. Methods: Using the method of cluster stratified random sampling, a sample of 444 children aged 3-5 years from Beijing and Tokyo were selected in Oct. and Nov. of 2019. Height, weight and lifestyle were measured. Overweight and obesity among children in the two cities and its relationship with lifestyle were compared and analyzed. Results: Average level of BMI, rate of overweight and obesity of children in Beijing(25.28%) were higher than those in Tokyo( 18.44 %). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with physical activity before breakfast( χ 2=29.14, 31.18, P <0.05). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with different snack frequency after dinner( χ 2=24.72, 21.93, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that children s lack of physical activity before breakfast in Beijing is positively related to overweight and obesity( OR= 1.45, 95%CI =1.10-2.68). Beijing children who often eat snacks after supper ( OR=2.56, 95%CI =1.44-3.57,) and sometimes eat snacks were positively correlated with the occurrence of overweight or obesity ( OR=1.72, 95%CI =1.21-2.72). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Beijing is higher than that in Tokyo. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants in Beijing include lack of physical activity before breakfast and frequent snacking after dinner.

Objective To observe the changes of cerebral vascular morphology and blood flow after craniocerebral trauma so as to investigate the role of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) combined with CT angiography (CTA) in judgment of the operative effect and prognosis of severe craniocerebral trauma.MethodsA total of 56 patients with craniocerebral trauma were monitored dynamically by using TCD before and after surgery.Dynamic CTA of head was also performed by using 128-slice spiral CT.Results TCD and CTA indicated that both the cerebral blood flow and vascular morphologychanged after craniocerebral trauma.CTA manifested mainly the vascular displacement or angiostegnosis and TCD showed mainly the high-resistance blood flow,indicating good operative effect.For the patients with vasospasm,the TCD manifested high-resistance flow (relatively good operative effect) or nail flow(mostly poor operative effect). The patients with vascular occlusion were associated with nail flow on TCD,with poor operative effect.ConclusionsTCD shows the velocity of cerebral blood flow and CTA shows the morphological change of cerebral vessels.Thereby,the combination of TCD and CTA can effectively judge the cerebral perfusion and provide a promising way for validating the operative effect and prognosis of craniocerebral trauma.