Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and its prevalence has been increasing during the recent years, which has posed a great impact on the families of the patients and society. Epidemiological studies have found that environmental exposure factors have an important impact on the occurrence and development of ASD, including pesticides, heavy metals, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, phenols, and air pollution. This paper focused on the relationship between environmental exposure to the above mentioned typical environmental exposure factors and the occurrence of ASD, in order to provide reference for related research of ASD.

Objective To evaluate the application value of superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI) technology in gastric cancer.Methods Data of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and SMI of 69 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The positive rate in displaying the blood flow,the thickness of gastric carcer lesion with blood flow signal and the grade of blood flow obtained with CDFI and SMI were compared.Results The positive rate of blood flow was 75.36％ (52/69) of CDFI and 95.65％ (66/69) of SMI,respectively.The difference of positive rate between the two methods was statistically significant (x2 =11.461,P=0.001).The thickness of gastric cancer lesion with blood flow signal measured with CDFI was (19.92±4.54)mm,and that measured with SMI was (16.92±5.77)mm (t=2.048,P=0.043).There was statistical difference of the grades of blood flow between SMI and CDFI (Z=5.354,P＜ 0.001).Conclusion SMI technology is more sensitive for the low flow velocity of micro vessels signal in gastric carcinomas compared with CDFI,which can provide valuable reference for clinic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between drinking behavior and polymorphism combination of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe genetic polymorphisms of EC-SOD and ALDH2 were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 750 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 750 non-cancer controls.

RESULTSThe frequencies of EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes were 38.27% and 69.47% in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 21.07% and 44.40% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies between the two groups (P < 0.01). The risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma with EC-SOD (C/G) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR = 2.32). Individuals carrying ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 2.85). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentages of EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma and control groups were 30.67% and 6.80%, respectively (P < 0.01). Individuals carrying EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 8.13). The drinking rate of the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR = 2.70). Statistical analysis suggested an interaction between drinking and EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes, which increase risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 25.00).

CONCLUSIONEC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes and drinking are the risk factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which could carry out a coordinated attack of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drinking ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Superoxide Dismutase

Objective To investigate the correlation between drinking behavior and polymorphism combination of extracel-lular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The genetic polymorphisms of EC-SOD and ALDH2 were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 750 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 750 non-cancer controls. Results The frequencies of EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes were 38.27% and 69.47% in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and 21.07% and 44.40% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies between the two groups (P<0.01). The risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma with EC-SOD (C/G) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR=2.32). Individuals carrying ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=2.85). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentages of EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma and control groups were 30.67% and 6.80%, respectively (P<0.01). Individuals carrying EC-SOD (C/G)/ALDH2 variant genotypes had high risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=8.13). The drinking rate of the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR=2.70). Statistical analysis suggested an interaction between drinking and EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes, which increase risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=25.00). Conclusion EC-SOD (C/G) and ALDH2 variant genotypes and drinking are the risk factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which could carry out a coordinated attack of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between the combination of smoking and the polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1-Msp I and glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1 genes and oral cancer.

METHODSThe genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1-Msp I and GSTT1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 300 oral cancer cases and 300 non-cancer controls, and the correlation between smoking, the two metabolic enzymes genetic polymorphisms and oral cancer were analyzed.

RESULTSThe frequencies of CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2) and GSTT1(-) were 38.33% and 69.33% in oral cancer cases and 21.00% and 44.33% in healthy controls respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies between the two groups (P<0.01). The risk of oral cancer with CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR= 2.34, 95%CI 1.76-4.07). The individuals who carried with GSTT1(-) had a high risk of oral cancer(OR=2.84, 95% CI 1.98-4.54). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2)/GSTT1(-) in oral cancer and control groups was 30.67% and 6.67% respectively (P<0.01). The people who carried with CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2)/GSTT1(-) had a high risk of oral cancer(OR=8.27, 95%CI 3.63-11.29). The smoking rate of the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR=2.71, 95%CI 1.31-4.52, P<0.01), and statistic analysis suggested an interaction between smoking and CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2)/GSTT1(-) genotypes polymorphisms which increased risk of oral cancer (OR=25.00, 95%CI 11.87-35.64).

CONCLUSIONCYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2) and GSTT1(-) are the risk factors in oral cancer. Smoking is also related to the susceptibility to oral cancer. There may be a synergetic interaction among CYP1A1-Msp I (m2/m2), GSTT1(-) and smoking on the elevated susceptibility of oral cancer.

Case-Control Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

PURPOSE: Several studies have compared the effects of coronary stenting and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) on left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. However, there are limited data on the long-term outcomes of these two interventions in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 56 patients with LMCA stenosis who underwent drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and 116 patients who underwent CABG in a single hospital in China between January 2004 and December 2006. We compared long-term major adverse cardiac events (death; a "serious outcome" composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke; and target-vessel revascularization). RESULTS: In-hospital (30-day) mortality was 0% for the DES group and 3.4% for the CABG group (p=0.31). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of risk of death [hazard ratio for stenting group, 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.13-1.63; p=0.55] or risk of serious outcome (hazard ratio for DES group, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.39-1.45; p=0.47). The target-vessel revascularization rate was higher in the DES group than in the CABG group (hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.24-11.06; p=0.018). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of diabetic patients with LMCA stenosis, there was no difference in composite endpoints between patients receiving DESs and those undergoing CABG. However, stenting was associated with higher rates of target-vessel revascularization than CABG. DES implantation in diabetic patients with LMCA disease was found to be at least as safe as CABG.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/*methods ; Coronary Stenosis/*therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; *Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the biodistribution of intratumoral administerd~(131)Ⅰ-labeled human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (chTNT) in patients with advanced lung carcinoma. Methods Eleven patients enrolled had cytological and histological confirmed diagnoses of either stage Ⅲ b or stage Ⅳ inoperable lung carcinoma. Intratumoral injection was directed by thoracic CT-guided catheter using a multi-holed needle. The dose for each patient was 18.5 - 37 MBq/cm~3 tumor mass. Blood samples were drawn at different time intervals for up to 13 days, and urine samples were collected for up to 11 days after injection for pharmacokinetic studies. In vivo stability was examined by HPLC by analyzing serum and urine, which were found to contain~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT. Whole body images were taken for quantitative organ and tumor biodistribution studies. Results In all 11 patients,~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT was the major component of the radiolabel in serum. Within 96 hours after administration, it was 100% stable. Plasma disappearance curves of ~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT were best fit by a two-exponential model in all patients with T_(1/2kα) of (0. 89±0. 17) h and T_(1/2β) of (86.88 ± 25.97)h. Free Ⅰ was the only metabolite of Ⅰ-chTNT that appeared in urine. A biodistribution study demonstrated excellent localization of the radioactivity in tumors. The accumulated radioactivity in urine at 264 h was (58.37 △Corresponding author E-mail:chen. shaoliang@zs-hospital. sh. cn±17.45) % of the injection dose. There was (51.05±8.41)%ID ,~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT in the tumor at 30 min after injection, and the tumor/lung (T/N) ratio was 63.87 ± 25.71. It remained (3.47 ± 3.27) %ID at 264 h,and the T/N ratio was 9. 61 ± 11.00. Among the main target organs, accumulation of the radiolabeled antibody was mainly found in lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen and thyroid.Conclusions Pharmacokinietics of ~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT follows a two-exponential model. According to its long preservation in tumor tissue, intratumoral injection of~(131)Ⅰ-chTNT is good for tumor therapy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate spectrum and drug resistance of No-Pseudomonas aeruginosa,to provide the basis for proper use of antibiotics and prevent patients from hospital acquired infection.METHODS API staph analysis system and the K-B agar diffusion test according to NCCLS were used to identify 357 strains of No-Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to performe drug sensitivity test.RESULTS From 2004 to 2008,357 strains of No-Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated.There are 233 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains(65.27%,233/357),55 Burkholderia cepacia strains(15.41%,55/357).Sputum was the main sourse of No-P.aeruginosa(88.52%,316/357).The isolation rate of No-P.aeruginosa was the highest in intensive care units(38.10%,136/357),the next was department of respiratorymedicine(23.53%,84/357).The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the resistance rate of No-P.aeruginosa to most drugs were higher,only the resistance rates of S.maltophilia to minocycline,gatifloxacin and levofloxacin were lower,(3.26%,20.55% and 20.83% respectively),The resistance rates of B.cepacia to meropenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and Imipenem were lower,being 29.17%,33.33% and 39.62% respectively.CONCLUSIONS The most common strains is S.maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia,the most common site of infection is lower respiratory tract,Most strains of S.maltophilia are isolated from ICU and department of respiratory diseases.The result of drug sensitive test showed that there were high rates of multiple drug resistance in No-P.aeruginosa and treatment of No-P.aeruginosa infection should be based on the results of the drug susceptibility test.

1.The mean range was 2.54 on the hands.CONCLUSIONS These results show that Medilox has a quick and highly effective bactericidal action.

Objective To investigate an effective endoscopic management of biliary anastomotic stric-tures (AS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and to evaluate the factors which may effect the ontcome. Methods Sixty-five patients, who were diagnosed as AS 3 months after OLT, underwent ERCP. Af-ter adequate dilation of the narrowing bile ducts, plastic stents, as many as possible, were inserted across the strictures and kept in place for at least six months. Results A total of 90 consecutive endoscopic procedures were performed in 65 patients. Before stents placement, the strictures were dilated by catheter or balloon (di-ameter range: 6-10 mm), or not dilated, according to the status of the bile ducts. An average of 3 (ranging from 2 to 6) plastic stents were placed with mean total size of 22.8 F (range 14-42 F), and the stents were kept for 8. 0 months on average (range 0.2-37.8 months). Of 90 procedures of stents placement, 54 (60%) were followed by stents removal and cholangiography, which confirmed stricture resolution in 26 (48.1%). The stricture resolution rate was 81.0% (17/21) in patients who underwent balloon dilation followed by more than 3 stents (> 21 F) for at least 3 months. Stricture re-occurred in 3 patients after stents removal, in whom stents were kept less than six months. Conclusion Endoscopic sequential intervention is effective for post-OLT biliary strictures according to the stage and grade. Radical dilation with maximal stenting can lead to complete resolution of AS. To achieve better result, if possible, balloon dilatation followed by three or mere endoprothe-ses (of at least 21 F) sustaining for more than 6 months is necessary.