Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Jingui Shenqiwan （JSW） and Liuwei Dihuangwan （LDW） on the reproductive ability and brain function of normal mice and compare the actions of the two medications. MethodsSeven groups of female and male mice were divided at a ratio of 2∶1. Except for the control group， the other six groups were as follows： a group of both males and females receiving JSW （3.0 g·kg^-1）， a group of both males and females receiving LDW （4.5 g·kg^-1）， a group of males receiving water and females receiving JSW， a group of males receiving water while females receiving LDW， a group of females receiving water while males receiving JSW， and a group of females receiving water while males receiving LDW. Each group was administered the drug for 14 days and then caged together at a 2∶1 （female∶male） ratio to detect the number of pregnant mice and calculate the pregnancy rate. Pregnant mice continued receiving the drug until they naturally gave birth， which was followed by the observation of newborn mice， calculation of their average number， and the measurement of the offspring's preference for sugar water and neonatal recognition index. At the end of the experiment， the weights of the thymus and spleen were measured to calculate the organ coefficients， and mRNA or protein expression was analyzed in the brain and testes or ovaries. A 1% sucrose solution was used to examine the euphoria of their brain reward systems， while novel object recognition test （NOR） was applied to assess their memory capabilities. mRNA expression was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay， and protein expression was analyzed with Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， oral administration of JSW to both male and female mice for 14 days significantly increased the pregnancy rate of female mice on day 2 after being caged together （P<0.05）， while LDW showed a trend but no statistical significance. Additionally， compared with the control group， JSW could upregulate the gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） in the thalamus， as well as reproductive stem cell factor （SCF） and tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit） in the testes and reproductive stem cell marker mouse vasa homologue （MVH） in the ovaries， upregulate the expression of proteins influencing neuronal functional activity， such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， in hippocampal neurons （P<0.05）， and enhance sucrose preference in male mice （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， JSW significantly increased sucrose preference and novel object recognition index in offspring mice （P<0.05）， which was related to the upregulation of hippocampal dopamine D1 receptor （D1R） and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （Nmdar） gene expression. Compared with the control group， both JSW and LDW could upregulate the protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， BDNF， and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus of offspring mice （P<0.05）. ConclusionJSW significantly enhances the reproductive ability of normal mice， which is not only related to the release of gonadotropin but also associated with its regulation of brain function. Additionally， JSW has a certain regulatory effect on the brain function of the offspring mice.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of piceatannol against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) in fatty liver. Methods A mouse model of fatty liver combined with HIRI was established, and experimental animals were assigned into four groups: sham operation group, fatty liver HIRI group, fatty liver HIRI + piceatannol group, and fatty liver HIRI + piceatannol + ML385 group (n=5). Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in each group. Hepatic tissue injury was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical assays were performed to measure the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using the DHE fluorescent probe method, while the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was determined via immunohistochemical staining. Western blot was adopted to detect the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. After treatment with palmitic acid, an hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established. Cellular experiments were divided into control group, steatosis H/R group, steatosis H/R + piceatannol group, and steatosis H/R + piceatannol + ML385 group. Calcein-AM/PI dual staining was used to observe cell viability, C11 BODIPY staining was used to determin lipid peroxidation levels, and DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was utilized to test intracellular ROS levels. Western blot was used to detect the protein abundances of GPX4, ACSL4, HO-1 and Nrf2, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify their corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the levels of ALT, AST and LDH, liver injury score, DHE positive rate, MDA level and 4-HNE level increased, the levels of GSH and SOD decreased, the relative expression level of ACSL4 protein increased, and the relative expression levels of GPX4, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins decreased in the fatty liver HIRI group; compared with the fatty liver HIRI group, the levels of ALT, AST and LDH, liver injury score, DHE positive rate, MDA level and 4-HNE level decreased, the levels of GSH and SOD increased, the relative expression level of ACSL4 protein decreased, and the relative expression levels of GPX4, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased in the fatty liver HIRI + piceatannol group; compared with the fatty liver HIRI + piceatannol group, the levels of ALT, AST and LDH, liver injury score, DHE positive rate, MDA level and 4-HNE level increased, the levels of GSH and SOD decreased, the relative expression level of ACSL4 protein increased, and the relative expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins decreased in the fatty liver HIRI + piceatannol + ML385 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mean fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA and MDA level increased, the levels of GSH and SOD decreased, the proportion of oxidized lipids increased, the protein and mRNA expression levels of ACSL4 increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of GPX4, HO-1 and Nrf2 decreased in the steatosis H/R group; compared with the steatosis H/R group, the mean fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA and MDA level decreased, the levels of GSH and SOD increased, the proportion of oxidized lipids decreased, the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of ACSL4 decreased, and the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of GPX4, HO-1 and Nrf2 increased in the steatosis H/R + piceatannol group; compared with the steatosis H/R + piceatannol group, the mean fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA and MDA level increased, the levels of GSH and SOD decreased, the proportion of oxidized lipids increased, the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of ACSL4 increased, and the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of GPX4, HO-1 and Nrf2 decreased in the steatosis H/R + piceatannol + ML385 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Piceatannol relieves HIRI in fatty liver by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to suppress ferroptosis in hepatocytes.

With the rapid development of bioscience and biotechnology， xenotransplantation offers a new possibility for alleviating organ shortage， yet it also faces numerous ethical challenges. This paper discussed the major ethical issues involved in the clinical research of xenotransplantation， including the assessment of risk-benefit ratio， animal ethics， the particularity of informed consent， equity， conflicts in social ethical concepts， and other aspects. It was proposed that carrying out xenotransplantation clinical research requires comprehensive consideration of various factors. That is， it is necessary to adhere to the principle of “strict management and prudent development” while strengthening whole-process safety control， improve the relevant legal and regulatory system while building a full-chain supervision framework， establish and perfect ethical review committees while reinforcing the multi-level review and supervision mechanism， enhance animal welfare protection while following the ethical principle of reduction， replacement， and refinement， optimize the informed consent procedure while implementing continuous and dynamic informed consent， promote coordinated global governance while popularizing public science education， to ensure that the clinical research of xenotransplantation advances steadily on an ethically and morally sound track.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence （AI） technology， the ethical governance of AI has gained increasing attention. The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence was issued by the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2021， which clarified several principles for the ethical governance of AI. In the field of rehabilitation medicine， the research and application of AI technology have significantly improved patients’ quality of life and survival. However， due to the specificity of the service population in rehabilitation medicine， which is mostly for the sick， injured， disabled， and elderly， a series of complex ethical issues have also arisen. This paper analyzed in detail the ethical issues and challenges encountered in the research and application of AI technology in the field of rehabilitation medicine from various aspects， such as informed consent， security of privacy and data， patients’ physical and mental rehabilitation， compliance regulation， protection of specific groups， and promotion of equity. According to the principles of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and others， response strategies were proposed， including multi-party collaboration and interdisciplinary cooperation， improving and refining relevant laws and regulations， strengthening ethical education across society， establishing accountability mechanisms， increasing investment， promoting equity， and other measures， to promote the healthy development of research and application of AI technology in the field of rehabilitation， as well as benefit humanity.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenge Bushen Capsules （SBC） on sexual development in normal 3-week-old mice. MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part， mice were divided into four groups： The control group and the low， medium， and high-dose SBC groups （234.7， 469.4， 938.7 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. In the second part， mice were divided into four groups： Control group， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide （PRP） group， total flavonoids group， and SBC group， all receiving a dose of 469.4 mg·kg^-1. After 7 days of administration， the vaginal opening of female mice and the descent of testes and scrotum in male mice， as well as the ovarian and testicular organ indices， were observed. After 4 weeks of administration， female and male mice were housed together for 2 days， and the pregnancy rate of females was monitored. After delivery， the pregnant female mice continued receiving the treatment for 4 weeks， and the sexual development of their offspring， including vaginal opening， testicular descent， and organ indices of ovaries and testes， was observed. Serum sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and growth hormone （GH） proteins in the hypothalamus was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， there was no significant effect on the vaginal opening of female mice or the descent of testes in male mice after 7 days of SBC administration. After 4 weeks of administration， the pregnancy rate in the low-dose group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， but no significant effects were observed in the other groups. The three doses of SBC did not significantly affect the ovarian or testicular organ indices， and there was no significant upregulation in the expression of GnRH or GH in the hypothalamus. The primary component of SBC， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide， significantly reduced the vaginal opening in female mice after 7 days of administration （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks， the serum estradiol levels of non-pregnant female mice were decreased （P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the expression of GnRH or GH proteins in the hypothalamus of either male or female mice. Additionally， there were no significant effects on precocious puberty indicators， such as vaginal opening and testicular descent， in the offspring mice. ConclusionSBC does not significantly promote precocious puberty in young mice， and it does not have any noticeable effects on the pregnancy rate of adult mice or the sexual development of their offspring.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of macrophage migration inhibito-ry factor(MIF),lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and chemokine CC motif ligand 3(CCL3)in peripheral blood and severity of disease and complication of acute kidney injury in neonatal sepsis.Methods A total of 112 children with NS admitted to this hospital from May 2021 to May 2024 were selected as the research objects.According to the neonatal acute physiology score Ⅱ(SNAP-Ⅱ score),they were di-vided into mild group(71 cases)and severe group(41 cases),and according to whether the children were complicated with AKI,they were divided into AKI group(47 cases)and non-AKI group(65 cases).In addi-tion,112 healthy neonates who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in peripheral blood were detected in each group.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in peripheral blood and the severity of NS.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of AKI in children with NS.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of peripheral blood MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 for the severity of NS and the complication of AKI in NS.Results The levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group and the control group(P<0.05),and those in the mild group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The severe group had a significantly higher SNAP-Ⅱ score than the mild group(P<0.05).The levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in peripheral blood of NS children were posi-tively correlated with SNAP-Ⅱ score(r=0.512,0.463,0.547,P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of peripheral blood MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in the diagnosis of severe NS was 0.782,0.772 and 0.753,respec-tively.The AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.888,which was higher than that of individual indicators(P<0.05).The levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in AKI group were higher than those in non-AKI group(P<0.05).Neonatal asphyxia,high levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2,and CCL3 were risk factors for AKI in children with NS(P<0.05).The AUC of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in predicting AKI in children with NS were 0.770,0.759 and 0.757,respectively.The AUC of the combined prediction of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 was 0.910,which was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 in peripheral blood of children with NS are increased,which are closely related to the aggravation of NS and the development of AKI.The combined detection of MIF,Lp-PLA2 and CCL3 has a high value in the as-sessment of the severity of NS and the risk of AKI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) on the malignant biological behavior and aerobic glycolysis of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1.Methods:Human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells were divided into si-NC group (transfected with blank fragment) , CoCl 2+si-NC group (hypoxia control transfected with blank fragment) , CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing) , CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and blank vector) and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group (hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and CDK1 overexpression) . The mRNA relative expression levels of RRM2 and CDK1 were analyzed by real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) was used to analyze the interaction between RRM2 and CDK1 protein. MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation activity of cells. The cell migration distance was detected by cell scratch assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose kit were used to detect ATP production and glucose consumption. The protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 were detected by Western blotting. Results:Real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of CDK1 mRNA in si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group were 1.01±0.15, 1.30±0.06 and 0.51±0.18, and the relative expression levels of RRM2 mRNA were 1.03±0.32, 1.59±0.28 and 0.44±0.17, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences ( F=25.52, P=0.001; F=14.47, P=0.005) . The mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 in CoCl 2+si-NC group were higher than those in si-NC group. Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 were lower in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group (all P<0.05) . CoIP results showed that there was interaction between RRM2 and CDK1. MTT assay, cell scratch assay and flow cytometry showed that the cell proliferation activity of si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-NC group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were 1.04±0.01, 1.18±0.04, 0.84±0.03, 0.81±0.03 and 0.93±0.05, respectively. The cell migration distances were (301.83±2.75) , (369.67±0.76) , (176.50±6.38) , (175.83±3.69) , (254.17±1.61) μm, respectively. The apoptosis rates were 8.05%±0.21%, 5.75%± 0.20%, 28.28%±0.04%, 30.18%±1.51% and 17.79%±0.22%, respectively, all with statistically significant differences ( F=73.82, P<0.001; F=1 600.01, P<0.001; F=787.15, P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group and CoCl 2+si-NC group, the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2 group, CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were weaker, and the apoptosis rates were higher (all P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were stronger, and the apoptosis rate was lower (all P<0.05) . The results of ATP and glucose detection showed that there were statistically significant differences in the amount of ATP production and glucose consumption among the above five groups ( F=12.53, P<0.001; F=19.21, P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group, the glucose consumption of cells was lower in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group ( P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the ATP production and glucose consumption of cells in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower (both P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the ATP production and glucose consumption of the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher (both P<0.05) . Western blotting showed that there were statistically significant differences in the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1, and p-CDK1/CDK1 among the above five groups (all P<0.001) . Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl 2+si-NC group, the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower (all P<0.05) . Compared with the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group, the protein expressions of ENO1, RRM2, PKM2, GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl 2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Silencing RRM2 can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells and the occurrence of aerobic glycolysis by regulating CDK1.

Objective To propose a novel method based on three-dimensional depthwise separable convolution network(3D DSN)for the separation of PET images with dual tracers of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI.Methods A total of 120 pairs of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI PET images of the same patient scanned separately at different time points were collected,and the dual-tracer PET image was generated through simulation.After the image registration of PET images of two tracers for ensuring spatial position matching,the registered PET images were forward-projected to generate sinogram data,and the sinogram data of two tracers were accumulated to obtain mixed sinogram data.Subsequently,the dual-tracer PET image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximization and input into a 3D DSN based network for image separation,thereby obtaining PET images of two single tracers.Results Compared with 3D CNN method,the proposed method increased the structure similarity index measure(SSIM)of the separated 18F-FDG images to the real 18F-FDG images by 0.87%,increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)by 11.8%,and reduced the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)by 52%.The SSIM of the separated 18F-FAPI images to the real 18F-FAPI images increased by 1.1%,PSNR increased by 17.0%,and NRMSE decreased by 51%.Conclusion The proposed method can be effectively applied to simultaneous PET imaging with dual PET tracers,reducing the number of scans and costs in time and money,and providing clinical doctors more accurate and abundant diagnostic information.

Background and purpose:The aberrant activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1)drives tumor microenvironment remodeling and metastasis through mediating the Warburg effect.As a critical tumor-suppressive phosphatase,phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromoseme ten(PTEN)activates PDK1 via loss of expression to induce aerobic glycolysis and accelerate tumor progression.The molecular interplay between PDK1 and PTEN in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KIRC)urgently requires systematic elucidation.This study aimed to clarify how PTEN regulates PDK1 to inhibit malignant phenotypes in KIRC.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare PTEN and PDK1 expression levels as well as their prognostic correlations in the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-KIRC datasets.KIRC cell models was established by either silencing PDK1 or enhancing its expression,subsequently evaluating their malignancy characteristics through cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)proliferation,colony formation,cell migration,and invasion assays.To validate the regulatory interactions,we used PDK1-overexpressing cells treated with a PTEN-specific inhibitor.Western blot was used to dectect the protein expression.Results:The TCGA-KIRC analysis found significantly higher mRNA levels of PTEN and PDK1 in tumor tissues compared to normal controls(P＜0.05),yet this high expression was associated with improved overall survival(P＜0.01).Besides,a strong positive correlation was observed between PTEN and PDK1 expressions(r=0.52,P＜0.001).Functional assays demonstrated that PDK1 knockdown markedly promoted cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas PDK1 overexpression exhibited opposing effects.Mechanistically,inhibiting PTEN worsened malignant behaviors(P＜0.01),however,these effects were reversed by overexpressing PDK1.Conclusion:This study presents the first evidence of the dual tumor-suppressive function of the PTEN-PDK1 biological axis in renal cancer,which supports the development of precision treatment strategies based on novel targets.