Objective To investigate the acquisition of the"standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients"of Chinese Nursing Association,and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs.Methods A multi-centered,cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023,and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units,gastroenterology,neurology,geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method.The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses'knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance.Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected.Only 61.63％of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard.The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was(61.09±13.56).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows:education level,professional title,job position,intubation experience within half a year,and corresponding achievements(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion.Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors,so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,the equivalent structure of three-dimensional cell reconstruction of tissue engineering oral mucosa is similar to normal oral mucosa,including epithelial-like structure,lamina propria-like structure,and vascular lumen-like structure,and has initially achieved the establishment of vascular equivalent,but its vascularization characteristics are not very clear.OBJECTIVE:Vascular-like structures of vascularized oral mucosa equivalent were obtained by targeting vascular endothelial cells specific marker expression profiles correlated with laser capture microdissection system,and their vascularization ability was evaluated to reveal their vascularization characteristics.METHODS:Human gingival epithelial cells were cultured from human gingival epithelium and human gingival fibroblasts,human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from human gingival lamina propria.Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial-like cells after monoclonal expansion culture.Human gingival epithelial cells,human gingival fibroblasts,and vascular endothelial-like cells were loaded with acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold to construct the vascularized oral mucosa equivalent.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent(experimental group)and the acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold(control group)were implanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice,respectively.14 days later,the incision surface of the two groups was coated with biogel.The biogel surface of the experimental group was inoculated with human gingival epithelial cells,while the control group was not inoculated with cells.The samples were collected after 14 days of feeding.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent was observed by morphology.The neovascular-like structures in oral mucosa equivalents were labeled by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with a more comprehensive expression profile of vascular endothelial cells,and the vascularization characteristics were analyzed.A laser capture microdissection system was used to capture the neovascularization structures in the oral mucosa equivalents specifically labeled by immunohistochemistry and analyze their vascularization characteristics.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The morphology showed that the cell level of oral mucosa equivalent was clear,and the structure was similar to that of normal oral mucosa,that is,there were epithelioid structures,lamina-like structures,and vascular cavelike structures,and there were scattered erythrocytes in the vascular cavelike structures.(2)The results of EdU Apollo tracer seed cells in the oral mucosa equivalent group showed that human gingival epithelial cells labeled with EdU Apollo 488 showed green fluorescence expression.DAPI labeled human gingival fibroblasts showed blue fluorescence expression and formed lamina-like structures in vivo.EdU Apollo 567 labeled vascular endothelial-like cells showed red fluorescence expression and formed a vascular-like structure in vivo.(3)Vascular endothelial cell specific marker expression profile immunofluorescence labeling of vascular structure showed that compared with normal oral mucosa,the expressions of CD31,CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in oral mucosa equivalents were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in CD34 expression(P>0.05).(4)Compared with the specifically labeled oral mucosal vascular structures,the expression levels of CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 of the oral mucosa equivalents targeted by the laser capture microdissection system were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in expression of CD31 and CD34(P>0.05).(5)The results showed that the oral mucosa equivalent reconstructed by three-dimensional cell stratification could achieve good vascularization,and its vascularization characteristics were consistent with the immunological function and characteristics of neovascularization.Vascularization helps three-dimensional cell layer reconstruction of oral mucosa equivalent regeneration.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of lower extremity exoskeleton robot(LEER)training on walking and balance function in patients with incomplete paraplegia.Methods According to the treatment method,70 patients with incomplete paraplegia were randomly divided into LEER group and control group,35 cases in each group.Both groups received regular rehabilitation therapy and functional walking training,and the LEER group received LEER training.Barthel index(BI),Berg balance scale(BBS)and functional ambulation category(FAC)were used to evaluate the activities of daily living,balance function and walking ability of the two groups before and 12 weeks after treatment.Results Compared with those before treatment,the BI and BBS scores of the LEER group and the control group were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BI and BBS scores between the LEER group and the control group before treatment(all P＞0.05).The BI and BBS scores of the LEER group were significantly higher than those of the control group after treatment(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FAC grade distribution between LEER group and control group before treatment(P＞0.05),and there was significant difference in FAC grade distribution between the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion LEER training can effectively improve the daily living ability,balance and walking function of patients with incomplete paraplegia,which is superior to the single intervention path of conventional rehabilitation training.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the ABC-X model-based nursing in patients with vitiligo undergoing autologous cell-spray grafting of non-cultured epidermal cells (Recell technique) .Methods:A total of 84 vitiligo patients treated with ReCell technique admitted to the Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2022 to February 2024 were selected for the study using the convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases) according to randomized numerical table method. Control group received conventional nursing, and observation group was treated with ABC-X model-based nursing on the basis of control group. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of observation group were lower than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the positive coping score in TCSQ of observation group was higher than that of control group, and the negative coping score was lower than that of control group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the total DLQI score of observation group was lower than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nursing based on ABC-X model in vitiligo patients treated with ReCell technique can improve patients' psychological conditions, promote positive coping, and enhance the quality of life, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of lower extremity exoskeleton robot(LEER)training on walking and balance function in patients with incomplete paraplegia.Methods According to the treatment method,70 patients with incomplete paraplegia were randomly divided into LEER group and control group,35 cases in each group.Both groups received regular rehabilitation therapy and functional walking training,and the LEER group received LEER training.Barthel index(BI),Berg balance scale(BBS)and functional ambulation category(FAC)were used to evaluate the activities of daily living,balance function and walking ability of the two groups before and 12 weeks after treatment.Results Compared with those before treatment,the BI and BBS scores of the LEER group and the control group were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BI and BBS scores between the LEER group and the control group before treatment(all P＞0.05).The BI and BBS scores of the LEER group were significantly higher than those of the control group after treatment(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FAC grade distribution between LEER group and control group before treatment(P＞0.05),and there was significant difference in FAC grade distribution between the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion LEER training can effectively improve the daily living ability,balance and walking function of patients with incomplete paraplegia,which is superior to the single intervention path of conventional rehabilitation training.

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,the equivalent structure of three-dimensional cell reconstruction of tissue engineering oral mucosa is similar to normal oral mucosa,including epithelial-like structure,lamina propria-like structure,and vascular lumen-like structure,and has initially achieved the establishment of vascular equivalent,but its vascularization characteristics are not very clear.OBJECTIVE:Vascular-like structures of vascularized oral mucosa equivalent were obtained by targeting vascular endothelial cells specific marker expression profiles correlated with laser capture microdissection system,and their vascularization ability was evaluated to reveal their vascularization characteristics.METHODS:Human gingival epithelial cells were cultured from human gingival epithelium and human gingival fibroblasts,human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from human gingival lamina propria.Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial-like cells after monoclonal expansion culture.Human gingival epithelial cells,human gingival fibroblasts,and vascular endothelial-like cells were loaded with acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold to construct the vascularized oral mucosa equivalent.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent(experimental group)and the acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold(control group)were implanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice,respectively.14 days later,the incision surface of the two groups was coated with biogel.The biogel surface of the experimental group was inoculated with human gingival epithelial cells,while the control group was not inoculated with cells.The samples were collected after 14 days of feeding.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent was observed by morphology.The neovascular-like structures in oral mucosa equivalents were labeled by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with a more comprehensive expression profile of vascular endothelial cells,and the vascularization characteristics were analyzed.A laser capture microdissection system was used to capture the neovascularization structures in the oral mucosa equivalents specifically labeled by immunohistochemistry and analyze their vascularization characteristics.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The morphology showed that the cell level of oral mucosa equivalent was clear,and the structure was similar to that of normal oral mucosa,that is,there were epithelioid structures,lamina-like structures,and vascular cavelike structures,and there were scattered erythrocytes in the vascular cavelike structures.(2)The results of EdU Apollo tracer seed cells in the oral mucosa equivalent group showed that human gingival epithelial cells labeled with EdU Apollo 488 showed green fluorescence expression.DAPI labeled human gingival fibroblasts showed blue fluorescence expression and formed lamina-like structures in vivo.EdU Apollo 567 labeled vascular endothelial-like cells showed red fluorescence expression and formed a vascular-like structure in vivo.(3)Vascular endothelial cell specific marker expression profile immunofluorescence labeling of vascular structure showed that compared with normal oral mucosa,the expressions of CD31,CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in oral mucosa equivalents were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in CD34 expression(P>0.05).(4)Compared with the specifically labeled oral mucosal vascular structures,the expression levels of CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 of the oral mucosa equivalents targeted by the laser capture microdissection system were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in expression of CD31 and CD34(P>0.05).(5)The results showed that the oral mucosa equivalent reconstructed by three-dimensional cell stratification could achieve good vascularization,and its vascularization characteristics were consistent with the immunological function and characteristics of neovascularization.Vascularization helps three-dimensional cell layer reconstruction of oral mucosa equivalent regeneration.

Objective To investigate the acquisition of the"standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients"of Chinese Nursing Association,and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs.Methods A multi-centered,cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023,and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units,gastroenterology,neurology,geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method.The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses'knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance.Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected.Only 61.63％of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard.The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was(61.09±13.56).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows:education level,professional title,job position,intubation experience within half a year,and corresponding achievements(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion.Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors,so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the ABC-X model-based nursing in patients with vitiligo undergoing autologous cell-spray grafting of non-cultured epidermal cells (Recell technique) .Methods:A total of 84 vitiligo patients treated with ReCell technique admitted to the Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2022 to February 2024 were selected for the study using the convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases) according to randomized numerical table method. Control group received conventional nursing, and observation group was treated with ABC-X model-based nursing on the basis of control group. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of observation group were lower than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the positive coping score in TCSQ of observation group was higher than that of control group, and the negative coping score was lower than that of control group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the total DLQI score of observation group was lower than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nursing based on ABC-X model in vitiligo patients treated with ReCell technique can improve patients' psychological conditions, promote positive coping, and enhance the quality of life, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Constipation/therapy* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Patients

Objective This study aimed to explore the expression trends of innate immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated by data calculation in the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,as well as to explore methods of suppressing oral mucosal carcinogenesis based on immunotherapy by predicting their interactions.Me-thods 1)The cancer genome atlas(TCGA)database comprehensively scores immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules in the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis and screens out intrinsic immune cells and immune-check-point molecules that interfere with tumor immune escape.2)Clinical patient blood routine data were collected for the statistical analysis of peripheral blood immune cells during the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.Immune cells in peripheral blood that may affect the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis were screened.3)Immunohis-tochemical staining was performed on intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated based on da-ta calculation in various stages of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.4)Special staining was used to identify innate immune cells in various stages of oral mucosal carcinogenesis based on data-calculation verification.5)Survival analysis was conducted on intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules validated based on data calculation during the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.The association of intrinsic immune cells and immune-checkpoint molecules with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma was verified.Results The expression of monocytes and neutro-phils increased during the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.The expression of eosinophils showed a single peak trend of up and down.The expression of mast cells decreased.In the process of oral mucosal carcinogenesis,the ex-pression of the immune-checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA4)and programmed cell death-ligand(PD-L1)increased.The expression trends of monocytes,neutrophils,and eosinophils were positively correlated with those of CTLA4 and PD-L1 immune-checkpoint molecules.The expression trend of mast cells was negatively correlated with the expression of CTLA4 and PD-L1.Monocytes,neutrophils,and eosinophils may pro-mote tumor immune escape mediated by CTLA4 and/or PD-L1,thereby accelerating the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.Mast cells may inhibit tumor immune escape mediated by CTLA4 and/or PD-L1,delaying the progres-sion of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.Conclusion Therefore,interference with specific immune cells in innate immu-nity can regulate the expression of CTLA4 and/or PD-L1 to a certain extent,inhibit tumor immune escape,and delay the progression of oral mucosal carcinogenesis.