ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrheal disease in Fengxian District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases. MethodsBasic information of the initial adult cases visited diarrheal disease surveillance sentinel hospital in Fengxian District, Shanghai, was collected from August 2013 to 2023, and fecal samples were collected at 1∶5 sampling intervals to isolate and identify 5 kinds of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella (SAL), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica (YE). Simultaneously, nucleic acid detection was performed for 3 kinds of rotavirus, 2 kinds of norovirus, intestinal adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. ResultsA total of 1 861 cases of newly diagnosed diarrheal disease were reported, with the peak in July to August. Additionally, 704 surveillance samples were detected, with a total positive detection rate of 50.57%. The detection rates of bacterial, viral and mixed infection were 25.14%, 21.02% and 4.40%, respectively. Among the pathogens detected, DEC accounted for the highest (17.61%, 124/704), followed by norovirus (16.48%, 116/704), rotavirus (6.39%, 45/704), SAL (5.97%, 42/704) and Campylobacter (3.84%, 27/704). DEC detected were mainly enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, with no detection of Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and YE. The highest total pathogen detection rate was observed from June to September, and the detection peaks of norovirus were from March to June and from October to December, whereas that of DEC was from June to October. The detection rate of rotavirus peaked from January to February, but which was not detected between 2020‒2023. The SAL positive rate peak was in September, whereas that of Campylobacter was from July to September. ConclusionThe main pathogens detected in Fengxian District from 2013‒2019 are DEC, norovirus, rotavirus, SAL and Campylobacter. Different pathogens have different detection peaks, with bacteria predominating in summer and viruses in winter and spring. Prevention and control measures should be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics of different seasons.

Acute liver injury (ALI) serves as a critical precursor and major etiological factor in the progression and ultimate manifestation of various hepatic disorders. The prevention and treatment of ALI is still a serious global challenge. Given the limited therapeutic options for ALI, exploring novel targeted therapeutic agents becomes imperative. The potential therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting RIPK2 is highlighted, as it may provide significant benefits by attenuating the MAPK pathway and NF-κB signaling. Herein, we propose a CMD-OPT model, a two-stage molecular optimization tool for the rapid discovery of RIPK2 inhibitors with optimal properties. Compound RP20, which targets the ATP binding site, demonstrated excellent kinase specificity, ideal oral pharmacokinetics, and superior therapeutic effects in a model of APAP-induced ALI, positioning RP20 as a promising preclinical candidate. This marks the first application of RIPK2 inhibitors in ALI treatment, opening a novel therapeutic pathway for clinical applications. These results highlight the efficacy of the CMD-OPT model in producing lead compounds from known active molecules, showcasing its significant potential in drug discovery.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of tobacco use among residents aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective regional tobacco control policies. MethodsThe Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method was employed to select one neighborhood committee (village) from each of Jiading District’s 11 subdistricts as survey monitoring sites. From the household registry of each selected neighborhood committee (village), 50 residential households were randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 550 households surveyed. Within each selected household, one permanent resident aged 15 years old or above was randomly chosen to complete the questionnaire. The content covered general information, exposure to secondhand smoke, awareness of tobacco related health hazards, etc. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0 software. ResultsA total of 550 questionnaires were distributed, with 549 valid responses collected, and the effective response rate was 99.82%. The survey findings revealed that in 2023, the current smoking rate among individuals aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District of Shanghai was 18.76%, with males accounting for 38.93% and females accounting for 2.62%. Male gender was identified as a relative factor for smoking (OR=34.108, 95%CI: 14.440‒80.722), whereas higher education attainment emerged as a protective factor against smoking (OR=0.388, 95%CI: 0.184‒0.820). Among non-smokers aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District, the secondhand smoke exposure rate was 46.86%, with statistically significant differences observed across different age groups and occupations (P<0.001). Restaurants exhibited the highest secondhand smoke exposure rate of 42.14%, followed by households bearing (36.79%). The overall awareness rate among individuals aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District regarding four smoking-related diseases, namely stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and impotence, was 48.45%, while the awareness rate for three secondhand smoke-induced diseases, namely adult heart disease, pediatric pulmonary disease, and adult lung cancer, was 64.29%. ConclusionThere is still room for reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use among individuals aged 15 yeas old and above in Jiading District. The exposure to secondhand smoke is severe, and residents have low awareness of the harm of tobacco. Tobacco control law enforcement should be strengthened, smoke-free-home health education should be included in tobacco control efforts, and targeted health education should be carried out.

Objective: To establish and validate a whole blood (WB) supply model, thereby providing practical experience for the clinical application of WB in domestic trauma emergency care and informing the development of a wartime blood supply system for the military. Methods: A “10×24” WB supply model was established by formulating blood collection protocols, storage standards, and transfusion criteria. Multiple WB samples were tested under specific storage conditions to assess key indicators at different time points, including red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, TT, FIB), coagulation factor activity, thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, clinical data from hemorrhagic patients who met the criteria for WB transfusion and were admitted between March and July 2024 were analyzed to evaluate WB transfusion volume. Results: RBC counts and hemoglobin levels remained stable in WB stored at 4℃ for up to 10 days. However, platelet counts and coagulation function (PT, APTT) significantly declined with prolonged storage, while potassium levels increased. From March to July 2024, the model was successfully applied to 23 patients with acute hemorrhage, with a median WB transfusion volume of 543 mL. A detailed case study of a severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock patient was reported, who was successfully treated with 5.5 units of refrigerated WB combined with component blood. Conclusion: The “10×24” WB supply model demonstrated acceptable changes in critical quality parameters under strict management and a 10-day rotation cycle. This model effectively supports the treatment of acute hemorrhage and holds promise for integration into the future wartime blood supply system of the military.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Mixture(XFZY)in rats with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A CHD rat model was established.Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=12 each):model group,Lipitor group,low-dose XFZY group(7.02 g·kg-1·d-1),high-dose XFZY group(14.04 g·kg-1·d-1),and high-dose XFZY+RS09[Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)agonist]group(14.04 g·kg-1·d-1 XFZY+intraperitoneal RS09),with an additional normal control group(n=12).After treatment,following treatment completion,all rats underwent echocardiography to assess left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDd),end-systolic diameter(LVDs),ejection fraction(LVEF),and fractional shortening(FS).Myocardial histopathology and vascular remodeling indices were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,while myocardial fibrosis was examined using Masson's trichrome staining.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to quantify inflammatory cytokine levels[tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]in myocardial tissues.Immunohistochemical analysis determined protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bc12)and Caspase 3 in myocardial tissues.Western Blot was performed to measure myocardial protein expression levels of TLR4,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT),total AKT,phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR),and total mTOR.Results Compared with the normal group,rats in the model group exhibited severe myocardial tissue damage,along with significantly elevated collagen volume fraction,LVDs,LVDd,myocardial levels of IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β,cardiomyocyte apoptosis ratio,aortic media thickness,and protein expression of Caspase 3,TLR4,PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in myocardial tissue(P＜0.05).Conversely,LVEF,FS,aortic luminal diameter,and Bcl-2 protein content were significantly reduced,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,both low-and high-dose XFZY groups as well as the Lipitor group demonstrated attenuated myocardial lesions,with significant reductions in collagen volume fraction,LVDs,LVDd,myocardial IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β levels,cardiomyocyte apoptosis ratio,aortic media thickness,and protein expression of Caspase 3,TLR4,PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR(P＜0.05).Concurrently,LVEF,FS,aortic luminal diameter,and Bcl-2 protein content were significantly increased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the high-dose XFZY group and the Lipitor group for any aforementioned parameters(P＞0.05).However,rats treated with high-dose XFZY plus RS09 showed aggravated myocardial injury with manifested interstitial fibrosis,alongside significantly intensified inflammatory response,cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and vascular remodeling compared to the high-dose XFZY alone group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion XFZY alleviates CHD symptoms by suppressing TLR4/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation,thereby reducing myocardial inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and vascular remodeling.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and patho-logical characteristics,molecular characteristics,treatment and prognosis of systemic ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lympho-ma(ALCL).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical pathology,immunophenotype,molecular charac-teristics,treatment and prognosis of 18 cases of systemic ALK-ALCL.HE,immunohistochemistry,FISH,and NGS tests were performed,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results Systemic ALK-ALCL tended to occur in elderly men,often in the advanced stage,mainly in lymph node lesions.The extran-odal primary sites included the primary pancreas and primary thoracic vertebrae.Morphological examination showed 17 cases belong to common type,1 case belong to"Hodgkin like"type.CD30 was diffuse and strongly positive in tumor cells(＞75％),CD2(16/17),CD3(13/18),CD5(4/18),CD7(8/18),CD4(14/18),TIA-1(16/18),CD8(2/16),GATA-3(10/12),EMA(3/5),MUM1(12/12),CD43(6/6)and CD56(2/8)were positive to varying degrees.The Ki67 proliferation index of 30％to 90％,PD-L1(22C3)(TPS=0-100％),ALK,CD15,CD79α and CD20 were all negative.FISH detection:5 cases of TP63 deficiency and 2 cases of DUSP22 deficiency;NGS detection:16 cases of gene mutations occurred,with a fre-quency of 0-11 gene mutations and an average of 4.2 gene mu-tations;ALK-ALCL with TP63 rearrangement was more likely to occur in women,mostly in lymph nodes,late clinical staging,susceptibility to p53 gene abnormalities,low PD-L1 expression rate and high mortality rate.Conclusion Systemic ALK-ALCL with TP63 rearrangement is associated with many adverse factors,the clinical process is often invasive with poor progno-sis.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and patho-logical characteristics,molecular characteristics,treatments and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma(AdCC)of the breast.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clini-cal pathology of 14 breast AdCC patients,and HE,immunohis-tochemistry,FISH testing,and follow-up were performed.Re-sults All cases were female,aged 43～70 years.10 cases of classic AdCC and 4 cases of solid-basal cell AdCC(SB-AdCC)were included.The tumor was composed of epithelial,myoepi-thelial and basal-like cells arranged in sieve,tubular and solid pattern with fibrous mucinous or glassy changes in the stroma.The tumor cells of SB-AdCC were moderately to severely atypical with frequent mitosis and necrosis,accompanied by ductal carci-noma in situ(DCIS).Expression of ER(1/14),PR(1/14),HER2(0/14),CK7(14/14),p63(12/14),CK5/6(14/14),CD117(13/14),MYB(9/14)was detected;Ki67 index was 13.2％and 46.1％in classic AdCC and SB-AdCC,respec-tively.The MYB rearrangement rates in classic AdCC and SB-AdCC were 55.6％(5/9)and 25％(1/4),respectively.All patients were underwent surgical resection and/or radiotherapy and chemotherapy.During the follow-up period(2-62 months),1 SB-AdCC patient died due to lung and liver metasta-sis,while the other 10 patients survived without tumors.Con-clusion SB-AdCC is more invasive than classical AdCC with lower frequency of MYB gene rearrangement,and immunohisto-chemical detection of MYB protein has potential value in assis-ting the diagnosis of SB-AdCC.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the methylation of sclerostin (SOST) promoter and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in children.Methods:Children with GIOP ( n=66) were selected as the experimental group. At the same time, children treated with glucocorticoid whose bone mass were selected as the control group ( n=72). The general clinical information of all children was compared, and the data collected by CT were detected by lumbar QCT, and the levels of bone metabolism related indexes were detected by biochemical analyzer. The mRNA expression of SOST was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein content of SOST was detected by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Methylation status of SOST gene promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and the risk factors affecting GIOP were compared and analyzed, and the diagnostic and therapeutic value of each index for children with GIOP was evaluated. Results:Compared with the control group, the duration of hormone application and the current dose of hormone in the experimental group were higher, and the expression levels of bone metabolism indexes β-collagen carboxy terminal peptide ( β-CTX) ( t=9.87, P<0.01), typeⅠprocollagenamino-terminal peptide (P1NP) ( t=16.09, P<0.001), osteopontin (OPN) ( t=21.32, P<0.001) and N-MID ( t=15.21, P<0.01) were significantly increased, with statistical significance. However, in terms of bone mineral density, the related level of children in the experimental group was low ( t=22.49, P<0.001), and the expression of SOST mRNA ( t=9.48, P<0.01) and protein content ( t=7.70, P<0.01) was significantly decreased, and the children in the experimental group showed methylation status of SOST. Pearson analysis showed that the level of serum SOST protein in the experimental group was negatively correlated with the levels of β-CTX ( r=-0.16, P=0.012), P1NP ( r=-0.35, P=0.021), OPN ( r=-0.25, P=0.043) and N-MID ( r=-0.09, P=0.036). At the same time, the Logistic regression analysis showed that the high expression of P1NP ( SE=0.35, P<0.001), OPN (S E=0.37, P<0.001) and SOST ( SE=0.33, P<0.001) were risk factors for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in children. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve of SOST was 0.874 (95% CI: 0.824-0.934), with higher sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions:There is a correlation between the methylation of SOST promoter and the GIOP of children. Besides, SOST can be used as a potential diagnostic index of GIOP with high value among many factors affecting children’s GIOP. In this case, the medical industry needs to further strengthen the prevention and treatment of children’s GIOP.

Objective To explore the effects of Tanganjianwan(TGJW)combined with abdominal massage(AM)on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(OT2DM)patients with metformin treatment.Methods Patients with OT2DM diagnosed in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to June 2023 were included as study subjects,and were divided into the AM group(metformin combined with AM)and the TGJW group(metformin combined with AM+TGJW)according to the random number table method.The treatment efficacy and safety were assessed by continuous intervention for 3 months.Obesity-related indices[waist-hip ratio(WHR)and body mass index(BMI)],glycemic and lipid metabolic indices[glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),postprandial 2-hour glucose(P2hG),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],insulin sensitivity indexes[homeostasis model insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)and homeostasis model pancreaticβ-cell function index(HOMA-β)],and inflammation indexes[interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and C-reactive protein(CRP)]changes were compared before and after treatment between the TGJW group and the AM group.Results A total of 100 OT2DM patients were included in the study,with 50 cases each in the TGJW group and AM group.After the intervention,the treatment efficiency of the TGJW group was significantly higher than that of the AM group(P＜0.05),and no malignant adverse events occurred during treatment.Compared with the pre-treatment period,the levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,P2hG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,HOMA-IR,IL-6,TNF-α,and CRP decreased in both groups(P＜0.05),while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β increased significantly(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,P2hG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,HOMA-IR,IL-6,TNF-α,and CRP in the TGJW group were lower than those in the AM group(P-＜0.05),while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were higher than those in the AM group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with AM treatment alone,TGJW combined with AM can improve glucose-lipid metabolism,insulin sensitivity and inflammation indexes in OT2DM patients,enhance the therapeutic effect of metformin treatment in OT2DM patients,and is safe,it has certain clinical promotion significance.

Objective: To understand the relationship between daily exercise load and physical fitness of primary school students, so as to provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of on campus physical education plans and the improvement of procedural physical health management for elementary school students. Methods: A total of 223 students from 6 classes in a primary school in Beijing were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method from May to June 2023. The daily exercise load of the students was monitored by Polar Verity Sense heart rate armband. The duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and daily Training Impulse (TRIMP) value were calculated, and the related indexes of daily exercise load were analyzed. Chi square test and univariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness assessment levels, and multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of physical fitness assessment levels. Results: The average time spent in MVPA was (21.65±17.48) min. The TRIMP value was (361.47±124.81). The time spent in MVPA of primary school students in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE were ( 8.86 ±8.56, 9.41±10.47, 1.97±3.12, 2.46±2.57) min, respectively. TRIMP values were (68.89±20.84, 72.83±30.27, 51.68±18.23, 19.99±5.78) in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical fitness levels among students with different genders, grades, and BMI ( χ 2=7.13, 19.04, 32.98, P <0.05). The duration of daily MVPA, along with TRIMP value during outdoor class, zero point sports, recess, and after PE class were all statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( OR =1.07, 1.05, 1.02, 1.03, 1.11, P <0.05). The results of multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that the primary school grade (lower grade: OR =9.24, middle grade: OR =7.81), BMI (abnormal: OR =0.21), duration of daily MVPA in school ( OR =1.06), and TRIMP value during outdoor class ( OR =1.05) were statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( P <0.05). Conclusions There is a positive correlation between physical fitness and different grades, BMI, daily exercise load, and outdoor exercise load. Increasing daily exercise load can improve students physical health. It is suggested to tailor the school sports program to suit primary school students, increase both the intensity and duration of school daily sports, and promote procedural physical health management for elementary school students.