Objective: To explore the effects of personality and sleep quality with psychological distress of junior and senior high school stduents, so as to provide a reference basis for precise interventions of junior and senior high school students mental health. Methods: In October 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 9 034 students aged 12-17 from Shiyan City as the study subjects. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to collect information on sleep quality and psychological distress of junior and senior high school stduents. Between group comparison was conducted by using t-test and Chi-square test. Generalized linear models were employed to analyze the interaction and joint effects of personality and sleep quality on psychological distress. Results: The generalized linear model analysis showed that the interaction between personality and sleep quality on psychological distress was statistically significant of junior and senior high school students(effect size=0.80, P <0.01). The general linear model analysis indicated that, after adjusting for variables such as age, gender, screen time, and daily sitting time with the extroverted and good sleep quality group as the reference, the introverted and poor sleep quality group had the largest mean difference in psychological distress scores (difference=0.51, P <0.05). When stratified by sleep quality, psychological distress scores were higher in the introverted and neutral personality groups with both poor and good sleep quality compared to the extroverted group (poor sleep quality: introverted difference=3.71, neutral difference=1.14; good sleep quality: introverted difference=2.23, neutral difference=0.57, all P < 0.05). When stratified by personality, psychological distress scores were higher in the poor sleep quality groups for introverted, neutral, and extroverted individuals compared to their good sleep quality counterparts (differences=8.66, 7.83, 7.34, all P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Personality and sleep quality have interactive and joint effects on psychological distress of junior and senior high school stduents. Personalized psychological interventions should be developed based on personality and sleep quality.

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) is a negative-sense RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family and is the etiological agent of a highly contagious acute respiratory disease that can lead to acute lung injury. Objective: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of IAV infection, an integrative research approach combining gene expression profiling, multinetwork analysis, and in vivo experimental validations was employed. Methods: First, a series of network-based analyses were performed, including protein-protein interaction network construction, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis, to identify the major underlying mechanisms of IAV infection. Following gene expression analysis, core targets, both direct and indirect regulators, were screened. An IAV (H1N1) strain A/PR/8/34-induced acute lung injury mouse model was constructed for in vivo validations. Batch one included two groups to evaluate findings from the multi-network analysis: Mock (n = 10; 5 males and 5 females) and IAV (n = 10; 5 males and 5 females). Batch two included three groups to assess the role of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in IAV infection: Mock (n = 6; 3 males and 3 females), IAV (n = 6; 3 males and 3 females), and TLR3 inhibitor (n = 6; 3 males and 3 females). Body weight was measured on days 0, 3, and 5 after infection. On day 5, lung tissues were collected to assess viral load and histopathological changes. Key targets were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining, both in sera and lung tissues. Results: IAV infection was significantly associated with dysregulation of the immune-inflammation system, such as the LTR, nucle-otide-binding oligomerization domain-(NOD) like receptor, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor, and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis further indicated that the TLR and necroptosis signaling pathways played crucial roles in the progression of IAV infection (TLR signaling pathway normalized enrichment score = 2.3941, P = 1.00 × 10 ⁻¹⁰; necroptosis normalized enrichment score = 1.9421, P = 6.21 × 10 ⁻⁷). Among the core targets, TLR3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) may regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level (all P < 0.05). In vivo validation using an IAV (PR8) infected acute lung injury mouse model demonstrated increased viral load and lung index, alveolar structural damage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited large gaps in Lamin B1 staining and breaches in Emerin signals following IAV-PR8 infection. Expression levels of TLR3, p-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)/RIPK3, and p-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)/MLKL proteins in lung tissues, as well as proinflammatory factors and mediators in sera, were significantly elevated after IAV infection. Moreover, enhanced neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase) and citrullinated histone H3 (a neutrophil extracellular trap-specific marker), both established indicators of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, were observed. Notably, treatment with a TLR3 inhibitor significantly ameliorated IAV-induced acute lung injury by regulating necroptosis-related targets. Conclusion: Our study provides network-based in vivo evidence that TLR3-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis may underlie IAV-induced acute lung injury and could serve as a potential therapeutic target in severe influenza cases.

The host-microbe co-metabolism system, generating diverse exogenous and endogenous bioactive molecules that influence the host's immune and metabolic functions, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have elucidated the interaction between natural medicines and this co-metabolism system. Upon oral administration, natural medicine ingredients can undergo transformation by gut microbiota, potentially enhancing their bioavailability or anti-atherogenic efficacy. Furthermore, natural medicines can exert anti-atherogenic effects via modulation of endogenous host-microbe co-metabolism. This review presents an updated understanding of the dual association between natural medicines and host-microbe co-metabolites. It explores the critical function of microbial exogenous metabolites derived from natural medicines and uncovers the mechanisms underlying natural medicines' intervention on key nodes of endogenous host-microbe co-metabolism. These insights may offer new perspectives for cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment and guide future drug discovery efforts.
Humans ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Host Microbial Interactions/drug effects*

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Mixture(XFZY)in rats with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A CHD rat model was established.Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=12 each):model group,Lipitor group,low-dose XFZY group(7.02 g·kg-1·d-1),high-dose XFZY group(14.04 g·kg-1·d-1),and high-dose XFZY+RS09[Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)agonist]group(14.04 g·kg-1·d-1 XFZY+intraperitoneal RS09),with an additional normal control group(n=12).After treatment,following treatment completion,all rats underwent echocardiography to assess left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDd),end-systolic diameter(LVDs),ejection fraction(LVEF),and fractional shortening(FS).Myocardial histopathology and vascular remodeling indices were evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,while myocardial fibrosis was examined using Masson's trichrome staining.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to quantify inflammatory cytokine levels[tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]in myocardial tissues.Immunohistochemical analysis determined protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bc12)and Caspase 3 in myocardial tissues.Western Blot was performed to measure myocardial protein expression levels of TLR4,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT),total AKT,phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR),and total mTOR.Results Compared with the normal group,rats in the model group exhibited severe myocardial tissue damage,along with significantly elevated collagen volume fraction,LVDs,LVDd,myocardial levels of IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β,cardiomyocyte apoptosis ratio,aortic media thickness,and protein expression of Caspase 3,TLR4,PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in myocardial tissue(P＜0.05).Conversely,LVEF,FS,aortic luminal diameter,and Bcl-2 protein content were significantly reduced,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,both low-and high-dose XFZY groups as well as the Lipitor group demonstrated attenuated myocardial lesions,with significant reductions in collagen volume fraction,LVDs,LVDd,myocardial IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β levels,cardiomyocyte apoptosis ratio,aortic media thickness,and protein expression of Caspase 3,TLR4,PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR(P＜0.05).Concurrently,LVEF,FS,aortic luminal diameter,and Bcl-2 protein content were significantly increased,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the high-dose XFZY group and the Lipitor group for any aforementioned parameters(P＞0.05).However,rats treated with high-dose XFZY plus RS09 showed aggravated myocardial injury with manifested interstitial fibrosis,alongside significantly intensified inflammatory response,cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and vascular remodeling compared to the high-dose XFZY alone group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion XFZY alleviates CHD symptoms by suppressing TLR4/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation,thereby reducing myocardial inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and vascular remodeling.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of peripheral blood iri-sin,myostatin(MSTN),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and the risk and predictive value of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated by heart failure.Methods Elderly patients with T2DM complicated by heart failure who visited Xingtai Central Hospi-tal from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The sample size was calculated based on the effect size.Patients were divided into modeling set(n=140)and validation set(n=60)at a ratio of 7 to 3 using a simple randomization method.Additionally,according to the occur-rence of sarcopenia,patients in the modeling set were divided into sarcopenia group and non-sar-copenia group.Clinical data and the levels of peripheral blood irisin,MSTN,and 25(OH)D were compared between the modeling and validation sets.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of peripheral blood irisin,MSTN,and 25(OH)D for sarcopenia.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing fac-tors of sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM complicated by heart failure,and a relevant predic-tive model was constructed using R software.Results Among 200 elderly patients with T2DM com-plicated by heart failure,71 cases developed sarcopenia,with an incidence rate of 35.50％.The proportion of regular exercise,bone mineral content,and the levels of irisin and 25(OH)D in the sarcopenia group were lower than those in the non-sarcopenia group,while the MSTN level was high-er in the sarcopenia group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUCs)for predicting sarcopenia by irisin,MSTN,and 25(OH)D were 0.878(95％CI,0.812 to 0.927),0.848(95％CI,0.778 to 0.903),and 0.826(95％CI,0.753 to 0.885),respectively.The sensitivities were 74.16％,79.78％,and 88.76％,and the specifici-ties were 74.16％,79.79％,and 88.76％,respectively.The results of multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis showed that lack of exercise habits(OR=2.489,95％CI,1.665 to 3.735),de-creased bone mineral content(OR=2.340,95％CI,1.596 to 3.595),irisin ≤105.44 ng/mL(OR=3.111,95％CI,2.004 to5.147),MSTN＞19.06 μg/L(OR=2.667,95％CI,2.015 to 4.693),and25(OH)D ≤12.23 ng/mL(OR=2.547,95％CI,1.285 to 4.492)were all inde-pendent risk factors for sarcopenia in these patients(P＜0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of the nomogram model for predicting postoperative recurrence in the modeling and validation sets were 0.875 and 0.853,respectively.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test for the model-ing and validation sets showed the following results:x2=0.715,P=0.510;x2=0.651,P=0.568.The calibration curves were basically consistent with the standard curves.The threshold probability range of decision curve analysis(DCA)was 0.1 to 0.9.Within this range,both the modeling and validation sets showed good clinical net benefits.Conclusion Peripheral blood iri-sin,MSTN,and 25(OH)D all have certain predictive values for the occurrence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM complicated by heart failure.The nomogram model constructed based on irisin,MSTN,and 25(OH)D can provide a quantitative basis for the early screening of sarcopenia in these patients.

Objective To construct a surgical pharmaceutical risk management index system and then to enhance surgi-cal pharmaceutical service quality.Methods Literature research and consulting pharmaceutical experts were used to collect relevant data and construct initial scale items.The Delphi expert consultation method was used to revise and improve indicators with 20 experts,after 2 rounds of inquiry improvement.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to calculate the weight of each indicator,finally forming the surgical pharmaceutical risk management index system.Results The final construction of the scale entries includes four dimensions,14 second-grade indexes,and 71 third-grade indexes.The questionnaire response rates were 100.00％,while the authority coefficient of experts was 0.832.In the consultation,the harmony coefficients of the first,second,and third indicators were 0.743,0.491,and 0.277,respectively.The AHP was used to determine the weights of indicators,and the re-sult passed the consistency test.The professional factors and pharmacist factors of the first indicators are large in weight.Con-clusion The constructed surgical pharmaceutical risk management index system is scientific and practical,which can provide a reference for the clinical work of surgeons and maximize the risk of avoidance.

Objective To understand the implementation of WS/T 508-2016 and the status of washing and disin-fection of medical textiles in China,and provide basis for the revision of the standard.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the management of medical institutions and washing and disinfection workplace,building layout,personnel protection,equipment and supplies,washing and disinfection principles,and hygiene quality mo-nitoring of medical textiles in 323 medical institutions and 31 washing institutions in China.Meanwhile,microbio-logical index sampling was conducted on 234 pieces of medical textiles in 9 medical institutions and 8 washing insti-tutions in Hubei,Shanxi,Shanghai,and Sichuan Provinces before and after washing and disinfection.Results The awareness rates of WS/T 508-2016 among medical institutions and washing institutions were 96.90％and 96.77％,respectively,and the implementation rates were 94.12％and 96.77％,respectively.47.99％medical in-stitutions use purchasing services for washing and disinfecting medical textiles,and the higher the level of the medi-cal institution was,the higher the proportion of purchasing services was(x2=15.312,P＜0.001).85.16％medi-cal institutions have conducted risk assessments on service providers,and 52.99％were responsible for or participa-ted in pre-job training by the medical institution.Washing institutions were higher than medical institutions in terms of system soundness rate,pre-job training rate,proportion of quality management leaders and full-time(part-time)quality inspectors,setting rate of hand-washing facilities in zones,passages,isolation barriers,dressing(buffer)room,and toilets,configuration rate of hygiene isolation washing equipment,tunnel washing unit,washing equip-ment with heating functions,drying equipment and mechanical ventilation facilities,and specialty machine washing rate.Among 234 medical textiles specimens,11.97％were detected fungi,and the total fungal colonies in 5 clean textiles exceeded 100 CFU/100 cm2.Conclusion WS/T 508-2016 can further standardize the washing and disin-fection of medical textiles in China through strengthening institutional management,improving the supervision level of service providers,perfecting hardware facilities and layout,introducing new technologies,and increasing the mo-nitoring on fungi in clean textiles.

Through molecular docking and experimental validation,24 SPF male KM mice were ran-domly divided into four groups:the control group(CON),model group(LPS),high-dose Yang Shuhua group(YSH-H),which was gavaged with drug solution containing 1 g/mL crude Yang Shuhua,and the low-dose Yang Shuhua group(YSH-L),which was gavaged with drug solution containing 0.5 g/mL crude Yang Shuhua for a 17-day experimental period.Mouse body weight was recorded during the experiment,and fecal scoring was done 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of LPS.At the end of the experiment,histopathological changes in the jejunum tissue were examined,and the expression of tight junction protein-related genes was detected.Compared to the CON group,mice in the LPS group showed significant decreases in villus height,villus height/crypt depth(V/C)ratio(P＜0.01),and significant increase in crypt depth(P＜0.01).The mRNA ex-pression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-1 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared to the LPS group,mice in the YSH-H group showed significant decrease in crypt depth(P＜0.05),significant increase in villus height(P＜0.05),and significant increase in V/C ratio(P＜0.01).The YSH-L group showed a significant increase in V/C ratio(P＜0.05),a trend of decreased crypt depth,and an increasing trend of villus height.The mRNA expression of ZO-1 in the YSH-H group showed a significant increase(P＜0.05)and claudin-1 showed an increasing trend.Luteolin,quercetin,kaempferol,eriodictyol,and the top 5 potential key targets TP53,IL-1β,TNF,AKT1,and IL-10 exhibited molecular docking scores less than-20.95 kJ/mol,indicating strong activity.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that Yang Shuhua compounds might act on enteritis through the TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The qPCR results showed an upward trend in the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and AKT1,significant in-crease in Caspase-1 and ASC(P＜0.05),and significantly increased expression of NF-κB and NL-RP3(P＜0.01).The mRNA expression level of AKT1,TLR4,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,and NF-κB decreased compared to the LPS group,with significant differences in Caspase-1 and NF-κB(P＜0.05).This study suggests that Yang Shuhua exerts anti-enteritis effects through multiple compo-nents and pathways,with blockade of the TLR4-AKT-NF-κB pathway possibly being a key thera-peutic mechanism for treating enteritis.