The host-microbe co-metabolism system, generating diverse exogenous and endogenous bioactive molecules that influence the host's immune and metabolic functions, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have elucidated the interaction between natural medicines and this co-metabolism system. Upon oral administration, natural medicine ingredients can undergo transformation by gut microbiota, potentially enhancing their bioavailability or anti-atherogenic efficacy. Furthermore, natural medicines can exert anti-atherogenic effects via modulation of endogenous host-microbe co-metabolism. This review presents an updated understanding of the dual association between natural medicines and host-microbe co-metabolites. It explores the critical function of microbial exogenous metabolites derived from natural medicines and uncovers the mechanisms underlying natural medicines' intervention on key nodes of endogenous host-microbe co-metabolism. These insights may offer new perspectives for cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment and guide future drug discovery efforts.
Humans ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Host Microbial Interactions/drug effects*

BACKGROUND:Although traditional therapies,including drugs and surgery,cannot repair the damaged myocardial tissue,the mortality rate of myocardial infarction remains high.Stem cells provide the possibility to solve this problem due to their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the research progress of stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction in recent ten years by bibliometric analysis. METHODS:The related articles on stem cells and myocardial infarction published in SCI-E and SSCI from January 1,2012 to December 1,2022 in the Web of Science database were searched.EXCEL,CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to make statistical and visualization analyses of the data such as the number of publications,authors,institutions,journals,countries and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 3 210 core articles were published,and the total number increased year by year.hausenloy,derek j.is the author with the largest number of publications,China is the country with the largest number of publications,and the Fourth Military Medical University is the institution with the largest number of publications.The research hotspots in this field are changing from cell experiments and animal experiments to clinical trials.In the past ten years,research in this field has been highly popular and still has great development prospects.It is necessary to promote international and inter-agency exchange and learning,and further explore the role of stem cells in the treatment of myocardial infarction.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)-NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)axis in the effect of remifentanil against ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in rat livers.SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(sham group),IRI group,IRI+remifentanil pretreatment group(IRI+RPC group),IRI+SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 group(IRI+EX-527 group)and IRI+RPC+EX-527 group,with 8 rats in each group.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 of rats in each group were detected.The liver tissue pathology was observed.The apoptosis rate of hepatocytes in rats was detected.The expressions of SIRT1,NLRP3,cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(Cleaved Caspase-1)and Gasdermin D(GSDMD)proteins in rat liver tissue were detected.Results Compared with the sham group,the liver tissue pathological score and hepatocyte apoptosis rate of rats in the IRI group were increased,the serum ALT,AST,LDH,IL-1β,and IL-18 levels were increased,the relative expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was decreased,and the relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins were increased(all P<0.05).Compared with the IRI group,the liver tissue pathological score and hepatocyte apoptosis rate of rats in the IRI+RPC group were decreased,the serum ALT,AST,LDH,IL-1β,and IL-18 levels were decreased,the relative expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was increased,and the relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins were decreased;the liver tissue pathological score and hepatocyte apoptosis rate of rats in the IRI+EX-527 group were increased,the ALT,AST,LDH,IL-1β,and IL-18 levels were increased,the relative expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was decreased,and the relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins were increased(all P<0.05).Compared with the IRI+RPC group,the liver tissue pathological score and hepatocyte apoptosis rate in the IRI+RPC+EX-527 group were increased,the levels of ALT,AST,LDH,IL-1β,and IL-18 were increased,the relative expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was decreased,and the relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins were increased(all P<0.05).Conclusions SIRT1 may participate in the regulation of remifentanil against rat liver IRI by inhibiting NLRP3 mediated cell pyroptosis.

【Objective】 To explore the expression of PCDH9 loss in regulating cell cycle and promoting tumor progression. 【Methods】 The clinical records of 127 cases of prostate cancer treated during 2018 and 2023 were collected, including 87 paraffin tissue samples from the G4-5 group and 40 from the G1-3 group. The expressions of PCDH9, p53, Rb and STAT3 were detected with immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. 【Results】 The expression deletion rate of PCDH9 in prostate cancer tissues in G4-5 group (44.8% vs.7.5%) was significantly higher than that in G1-3 group (P<0.001). The positive expression rates of p53 and STAT3 were 34.5% and 89.7%, respectively, and the expression loss rate of Rb was 27.6% in G4-5 group. The expression loss rates of PCDH9 and Rb were associated with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (P<0.05). In G4-5 group of prostate cancer, PCDH9 expression was positively correlated with the expressions of p53 (r=0.345, P<0.05), Rb (r=0.503, P<0.05) and STAT3 (r=0.224, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 PCDH9 is prone to loss of expression in high-group prostate cancer tissues, especially in cases with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, which may regulate the cell cycle through the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor progression.

Chemotherapy resistance in leukemia is an urgent clinical therapeutic challenge.Ferroptosis is a unique mode of cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation.Leukemia is characterized by increased oxidative stress and iron overload,suggesting that leukemia cells might be susceptible to ferroptosis and indicating a possible therapeutic approach.Ferroptosis has been extensively studied in recent years and used in the treatment of various types of leukemia.Several studies have demonstrated an association between the regulatory pathways of ferroptosis and the mechanisms of leukemia drug resistance.The induction of ferroptosis through different pathways can effectively reduce the resistance of various types of leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic drugs,and thus improve their clinical efficacy.In this article,we review the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and analyze the association between oxidative stress and iron metabolism pathways of ferroptosis and the mechanism of leukemia drug resistance.We also summarize the experimental studies and clinical applications of ferroptosis for the treatment of various types of drug-resistant leukemias,with the aim of providing new ideas and directions for the study of ferroptosis and a new strategy to reverse chemotherapy resistance in patients with leukemia in the future.

Objective To explore the effects of Tanganjianwan(TGJW)combined with abdominal massage(AM)on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(OT2DM)patients with metformin treatment.Methods Patients with OT2DM diagnosed in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to June 2023 were included as study subjects,and were divided into the AM group(metformin combined with AM)and the TGJW group(metformin combined with AM+TGJW)according to the random number table method.The treatment efficacy and safety were assessed by continuous intervention for 3 months.Obesity-related indices[waist-hip ratio(WHR)and body mass index(BMI)],glycemic and lipid metabolic indices[glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),postprandial 2-hour glucose(P2hG),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],insulin sensitivity indexes[homeostasis model insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)and homeostasis model pancreaticβ-cell function index(HOMA-β)],and inflammation indexes[interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and C-reactive protein(CRP)]changes were compared before and after treatment between the TGJW group and the AM group.Results A total of 100 OT2DM patients were included in the study,with 50 cases each in the TGJW group and AM group.After the intervention,the treatment efficiency of the TGJW group was significantly higher than that of the AM group(P＜0.05),and no malignant adverse events occurred during treatment.Compared with the pre-treatment period,the levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,P2hG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,HOMA-IR,IL-6,TNF-α,and CRP decreased in both groups(P＜0.05),while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β increased significantly(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the levels of WHR,BMI,FBG,P2hG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,HOMA-IR,IL-6,TNF-α,and CRP in the TGJW group were lower than those in the AM group(P-＜0.05),while the levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were higher than those in the AM group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with AM treatment alone,TGJW combined with AM can improve glucose-lipid metabolism,insulin sensitivity and inflammation indexes in OT2DM patients,enhance the therapeutic effect of metformin treatment in OT2DM patients,and is safe,it has certain clinical promotion significance.

Chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, a common clinical lesion caused by atherosclerosis, was also one of the common vascular diseases in the middle and old age. It could slow down the blood flow rate of blood vessels, which leaded to changes in the blood supply of brain tissue, and secondary causes abnormal metabolism of brain nerves and brain tissue. At the same time, long-term cerebral hypoperfusion would induce cognitive impairment, which would seriously affect the quality of life of patients. At present, there were two main treatment methods: drug conservative treatment and intravascular intervention, but there was still a great controversy about the survival of the fittest in these two treatment methods. This paper reported the clinical, imaging, therapeutic strategy and prognosis of a case of severe intracranial and extracranial multiple vessel stenosis and occlusion, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of such patients.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells,ranking as the second most common hematologic tu-mor.Although the use of proteasome inhibitors and immunotherapeutic regimens has improved the prognosis of patients with MM,it re-mains incurable in most patients,mainly because of the eventual development of drug resistance in MM cells.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous group of cells causing significant suppression of the T-cell immune response.They arise from bone mar-row myeloid progenitor cells that are blocked from differentiation and promote MM development by resisting immune destruction.Recent studies indicate that MDSCs stimulate MM cell proliferation,inducing drug resistance and metastasis.In this paper,we review multiple mechanisms exhibited by MDSCs in MM pathogenesis and discuss the feasibility and challenges of current therapeutic strategies targeting MDSCs,aiming to provide pertinent references regarding MM treatment.