Objective: To analyze the temporal variation patterns of sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to explore models suitable for predicting peaks and intensity of absenteeism rates. Methods: The seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL) method was used to analyze the seasonal and long term trend changes in sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students from September 1 in 2010 to June 30 in 2018, in Shanghai. A hierarchical clustering method based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was employed to classify absenteeism symptoms with similar temporal patterns. Based on historical data, the study constructed and evaluated different time series algorithms and machine learning models to optimize the accuracy of predicting the trend of sickness absenteeism. Results: During the research period, the average new absenteeism rate due to illness was 16.86 per 10 000 person day for every academic year, and the trend of sickness absenteeism exhibited both seasonality and a long term upward trend, reaching its highest point in the 2017 academic year (22.47 per 10 000 person day). The symptoms of absenteeism were divided into three categories: high incidence in winter and spring (respiratory symptoms, fever and general discomfort, etc.), high incidence in summer (eye symptoms, nosebleeds, etc.) and those without obvious seasonality (skin symptoms, accidental injuries, etc.).The constructed time series models effectively predicted the trend of absenteeism due to illness, although the accuracy of predicting peak intensity was relatively low. Among them, the multi layer perceptron (MLP) model performed the best, with an root mean squared error (RMSE) of 8.96 and an mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.37, reducing 36.51% and 39.02% compared to the baseline model. Conclusion Time series models and machine learning algorithms could effectively predict the trend of sickness absenteeism, and corresponding prevention and control measures can be taken for absenteeism caused by different symptoms during peak periods.

Objective To investigate the dynamic imaging features of a group of patients with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 （GAD65） antibody-associated neurological syndromes. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for related data of the patients who were diagnosed with anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune neurological syndromes in The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021，including clinical features，treatment outcomes，and cranial magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） features at baseline and during follow-up. Results A total of 15 patients were enrolled，among whom there were 8 female patients and 7 male patients，with an age of onset of 28-72 years. The clinical syndromes included limbic encephalitis in 2 patients，temporal lobe epilepsy in 3 patients，and seizures in 7 patients，accounting for 80%，as well as stiff-person syndrome in 1 patient （6.67%） and cerebellar ataxia in 2 patients （13.3%）. Imaging findings showed that of all 15 patients，14 （93.3%） had brain atrophy at initial diagnosis，and only 1 young patient had no brain atrophy； 10 patients （67%） had abnormal signals in the bilateral or unilateral hippocampus，and 3 patients （20%） had abnormal signals in the cortex/subcortical regions. All 15 patients received first-line immunotherapy，and dynamic MRI follow-up was performed for 8 patients，with a follow-up time of half a year to 4 years. Follow-up results showed that based on clinical and imaging findings，the patients with abnormal signals in the cortex/subcortical regions had good response to immunotherapy，while those with abnormal signals in the bilateral or unilateral hippocampus had poor response to immunotherapy. Progressive brain atrophy was observed in all 8 patients receiving MRI follow-up.Conclusion The common imaging findings of anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune neurological syndromes include abnormal signals in the bilateral or unilateral hippocampus and abnormal signals in the cortex/subcortical regions，and there are differences in clinical manifestations and response to immunotherapy between these two types. Cranial MRI features have an important value in the diagnosis of anti-GAD65 antibody-associated syndromes. MRI examination may be used as an important method for monitoring disease progression and treatment outcome.

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of diabetes-related deaths on the probability of premature mortality and life expectancy in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2023, and to provide reference data for the optimization of targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsAll death cases involving diabetes among the registered residents of Minhang District from 2004 to 2023 were collected. The probability of premature mortality and life expectancy was computed using the abridged life table method. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated with Joinpoint 4.9.0.0. The Arriaga decomposition method was employed for statistical analyses of the influence of cause-specific and age-specific mortality related to diabetes on life expectancy. ResultsThe total number of diabetes-related mortality, crude mortality, and standardized mortality for both males and females in Minhang District from 2004 to 2023 exhibited an increasing trend (P<0.001). The primary causes of death among diabetes-related cases were cardiovascular disease (37.68%), diabetes mellitus (31.95%), and malignant tumor (17.80%). From 2004 to 2023, probability of premature mortality to diabetes-related diseases demonstrated a rising trend (P<0.001), contrasting with the declining trend observed in the overall population (P=0.001). Males showed a significant upward trajectory (P<0.001), while females displayed a stable pattern. Among the diseases exerting considerable influence, cardiovascular disease and malignant tumor revealed a marked increase over time (P<0.001), whereas diabetes mellitus maintained a stable trend; both factors negatively impacted the reduction in probability of premature mortality. From 2004 to 2023, diabetes-related mortality reduced life expectancy among residents by an average of 1.22 years (-49.89%), indicating a negative impact; the reduction was 1.41 years in males and 0.90 years in females. The age groups exhibiting greater negative contributions differed by genders, namely males aged 50‒54 years and females aged 70‒74 years. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignant tumor contributed significantly to this decline (-0.46 years, -0.42 years, -0.20 years, respectively), with male experiencing higher negative contributions than females. ConclusionIn Minhang District, the rising mortality associated with diabetes-related diseases negatively impact both the reduction of the probability of premature mortality and the increase in life expectancy. This trend is primarily attributed to the rapid escalation of mortality and younger age demographic of male residents, which warrants significant attention. It is recommended that, based on the enhancement of case management, efforts should be directed towards the targeted prevention and control of risk factors and high-risk populations.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary behaviors and sleep duration among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for interventions targeting insufficient sleep. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select a sample of 10-17yearold middle school students for monitoring their healthrisk behaviors. A total of 5 538 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey included items such as daily sleep duration, weekly consumption of sugary beverages, freshly squeezed fruit juice, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fried foods, milk and yogurt, breakfast habits, and frequency of eating outside. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chisquare test, Wilcoxon ranksum test, and multivariable Logistic regression model. Results: About 73.7% of middle school students reported insufficient sleep in Shanghai. There was a positive correlation between the average daily consumption of fresh fruits and breakfast consumption with sleep duration. In other words, a higher frequency of consuming fresh fruits (OR=1.29) and eating breakfast (OR=1.07) were associated with a higher likelihood of sufficient sleep. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between the frequency of consuming desserts (OR=0.78) and fried foods (OR=0.88) and sleep duration (P<0.05). Conclusions Increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and maintaining regular breakfast habits while reducing the intake of fried foods can contribute to achieving sufficient sleep among middle school students. When implementing interventions to improve sleep among middle school students, promoting healthy and balanced diets can be considered as one of the intervention strategies.

Objective: To explore the current status and associated factors of bullying behavior among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference basis for carrying out bullying intervention work. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 19 000 middle school students from 63 schools in 16 districts of Shanghai, and the Shanghai Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of enrolled students. Chi square test and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the associated factors of bullying among middle school students. Results: The prevalence of bullying behaviors in Shanghai was 15.5%, with males and junior high school students exhibiting the higher reporting rate(19.5%,17.2%). And malicious teasing or name calling had the highest reported rate at 9.4%. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fighting ( OR =5.02), attempting to smoke ( OR =3.22), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness ( OR =2.50) and getting drunk( OR =1.72) were positively associated with bullying behavior among middle school students. Fighting ( OR =3.83-8.97), attempting to smoke ( OR =2.92-5.52), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness ( OR =2.40-4.34), and getting drunk ( OR =1.66-2.34) were positively correlated with 6 forms of bullying (malicious teasing or name calling, intentionally damaging someone else s belongings, deliberately excluding someone from activities or isolating someone, threatening or intimidating others, hitting, kicking, or pushing someone, and verbally harassing or attacking someone online) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Bullying behavior of middle school students in Shanghai primarily presents as verbal harassment. In the future, greater attention should be directed towards bullies, and it should recognize potential hazards promptly and implement precise intervention measures.

Objective: To understand the relationship between stress and Internet addiction among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting students mental health and preventing Internet addiction. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 6 123 middle and high school students in Shanghai for health risk behavior monitoring. Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students was used to evaluate students' stress, and the Internet Addiction Test compiled by Young was used to evaluate students Internet addiction. The correlation between student stress and Internet addiction was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test , Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression. Results: Total stress score of middle school students in Shanghai was 24 (12, 39), academic stress score was 8 (5, 13), physical and psychological stress score was 6 (2, 10), interpersonal stress score was 5 (1, 9), and family stress score was 4 (1, 8). The detection rate of Internet addiction was 4.7%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of Internet addiction among middle school students with high levels of stress was 8.05 times(95% CI =4.59-14.12) that of students with low levels of stress( P <0.05). The risk of Internet addiction among middle school students with high levels of academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress and family stress was 5.98(95% CI =3.69-9.70), 6.92(95% CI =4.03-11.88), 4.85(95% CI =3.11-7.55), and 4.18(95% CI =2.73-6.40) times that of students with low levels of stress, respectively( P <0.05). Conclusion The academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress, and family stress among middle school students can all lead to an increased risk of Internet addiction.

Aim The key genes for necroptosis in atherosclerosis were screened by bioinformatics methods and verified with the help of in vitro experiments to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis from the perspective of necroptosis.Methods Genes related to atherosclerotic plaques were downloaded from GEO da-tabase,and genes related to necroptosis were downloaded from GeneCards database and intersected to obtain atherosclerotic necroptosis genes,and the mechanism of action and signalling pathways of the genes were further analysed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed and screened for key genes.Finally,macrophages were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein(oa-LDL)at a final concentration of 100 mg/L,and the expression of key genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results A total of 81 atherosclerotic nec-roptosis genes were obtained.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that they were mainly enriched in the positive regulation of endopeptidase activity,IκB kinase(IKK)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)signalling,and autophagy signalling pathway.Five key genes including HSPA8,STAT3,HMOX1,SQSTM1 and FAS were obtained by using five computa-tional methods of Cytoscape software cytoHubba plug-in.Compared with the normal control group,the HMOX1 gene was highly expressed in THP-1 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while the expression of the HSPA8,STAT3,SQSTM1 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05);the HMOX1 and SQSTM1 genes were highly expressed in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while HSPA8,STAT3 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05).The expression of HMOX1 protein in THP-1 macrophages was also increased.Conclusion HMOX1 may be the key gene of atherosclerotic necroptosis,and it is expected to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the relationship between functional connectivity(FC)of frontoparietal network(FPN)and cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)using resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI).Methods rs-fMRI of 50 CSVD patients with cognitive impairment(CI group),65 CSVD patients with normal cognition(NC group)and 60 healthy controls(HC group),as well as outcomes of neuropsychological tests were retrospectively analyzed.Brain regions with different FC of FPN were compared among 3 groups and between each 2 groups.Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations of FC of brain regions value being statistically different between CI and NC groups and cognitive scores.Results Significant differences of FC in bilateral cingulate gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,right supramarginal gyrus,right inferior parietal lobule and right medial superior frontal gyrus were found among groups(FWE correction,all P＜0.05).Compared with NC group,FC of left cingulate gyrus decreased,of right inferior frontal gyrus and right medial superior frontal gyrus increased in CI group(FWE correction,all P＜0.05).The decreased FC value of left cingulate gyrus was negatively correlated with clock drawing test score in CSVD patients(r=-0.159,P=0.049).Conclusion CSVD patients with or without CI had extensive abnormal FC of FPN,and the left cingulate gyrus was associated with patient's cognitive function.

In light of the lack of reliable molecular markers for odontogenic myxoma (OM), the detection of copy number variation (CNV) may present a more objective method for assessing ambiguous cases. In this study, we employed multiregional microdissection sequencing to integrate morphological features with genomic profiling. This allowed us to reveal the CNV profiles of OM and compare them with dental papilla (DP), dental follicle (DF), and odontogenic fibroma (OF) tissues. We identified a distinct and robustly consistent CNV pattern in 93.75% (30/32) of OM cases, characterized by CNV gain events in chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16, 17, 20, and 21. This pattern significantly differed from the CNV patterns observed in DP, DF, and OF. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated potential links between this CNV patterns and the calcium signaling pathway and salivary secretion, while Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis implicated CNV patterns in tumor adhesion, tooth development, and cell proliferation. Comprehensive CNV analysis accurately identified a case that was initially disputable between OF and OM as OM. Our findings provide a reliable diagnostic clue and fresh insights into the molecular biological mechanism underlying OM.
Humans ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Odontogenic Tumors/diagnosis* ; Myxoma/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Dental Papilla ; Young Adult ; Fibroma/genetics* ; Dental Sac ; Child

Objective: To investigate incidence of traffic injury and its associated factors among secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to provide scientific basis for intervention. Methods: Using the method of multi stage stratified random cluster sampling, an on-the-spot anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 19 629 adolescents from 16 districts in Shanghai from May to June 2021. The multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze possible associated factors. Results: The rate of road traffic injuries among secondary school students in Shanghai was 0.74%, the highest reporting rate among secondary vocational school students (1.35%), followed by junior high school students (0.72%), and the lowest reporting rate of road traffic injuries among senior high school students (0.55%), with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=13.39, P <0.01). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the junior high school ( OR =0.56, 95% CI =0.35-0.89) or senior high school ( OR = 0.40 , 95% CI =0.24-0.68) and residential school ( OR =0.39, 95% CI =0.18-0.88) were protective factors of road traffic injuries( P <0.05). Male ( OR =1.65, 95% CI =1.14-2.37), unaware of seat belt ( OR =6.38, 95% CI =2.81-14.50), had a cycling chase/fight ( OR =2.33, 95% CI =1.39-3.90), music or phone calls on a bicycle ( OR =2.54, 95% CI =1.72-3.75) were positively correlated with road traffic injury( P <0.05). Conclusions The road traffic injury among secondary school students in Shanghai is related to many factors, and traffic hazards are common among students in all school sections. Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen traffic safety knowledge education and intervention in healthy behaviors among adolescents, in order to reduce the incidence of road traffic injury.