To analyze the in vitro antibacterial effects of colistin (COL) or tigecycline (TGC) in combination with imipenem (IPM), amikacin (AMK), and cefoperazone-sulbactam (CSL) against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB), so as to provide evidence for screening effective combination regimens for clinical microbial infections.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with ruxolitinib cream in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo in Boao Super Hospital. All the patients were treated with oral baricitinib daily (2 mg/day for patients weighing ≤ 50 kg; 4 mg/day for those > 50 kg) in combination with topical application of ruxolitinib cream twice daily for 24 consecutive weeks. Disease severity was assessed using the facial vitiligo area scoring index (F-VASI) and total body VASI (T-VASI) at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the treatment course.Results:Six patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo were collected, including 3 males and 3 females, aged 26 - 42 years, with the disease duration ranging from 0.5 to 25 years. At week 12, 3 patients achieved a 50% ~ < 75% improvement in facial vitiligo lesions (F-VASI 50), 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75 (75% ~ < 90% improvement), and 1 patient achieved T-VASI 50; at week 24, 4 patients achieved F-VASI 50, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 90 (≥ 90% improvement), and 3 patients achieved T-VASI 50. During the treatment, upper respiratory infection occurred in 1 patient, acne in 1 patient, pruritus in 2 patients, elevation of total cholesterol levels in 2 patients, and increase of high-density lipoprotein levels in 2 patients. No severe adverse events were observed during the treatment.Conclusion:The combination therapy with baricitinib and ruxolitinib cream may have potential efficacy and safety in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and conventional 2D ultrasound in measuring bladder volume in pelvic tumor patients, using computed tomography (CT) as the reference.Methods:A set of bladder phantoms were constructed to compare CT and ultrasound measurements with actual injected volumes. Clinical data of 104 pelvic tumor patients who received radiotherapy at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between August and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Portable transabdominal ultrasound was used to obtain the largest bladder cross-section, and the maximum diameters in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions (D LR, D AP, D SI) were measured. The 2D ultrasound volume was calculated as V=0.523 × D LR × D AP × D SI. Full-bladder transverse videos were recorded and processed in Matlab R2016a through frame extraction(60 images), followed by contrast enhancement, edge detection segmentation, cubic spline interpolation, and image smoothing to achieve 3D reconstruction. Paired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess systematic bias and consistency between ultrasound methods and CT. Multivariate linear regression was applied to evaluate the effects of slice thickness, posture, age, and other factors on CT measurements. Results:In the phantom study, deviations of 2D ultrasound and CT from actual injected volumes were (0.73±3.05) ml ( t=-0.48, P=0.667) and (1.52±11.27) ml ( t=0.17, P=0.875), with ICC values>0.999. In the clinical study, mean bladder volumes measured by 3D-reconstructed ultrasound, conventional 2D ultrasound, and CT were (373.5±153.31), (314.89±135.28), (382.82±157.57) ml, respectively. The 3D-reconstructed method showed excellent agreement with CT (ICC=0.98; Bland-Altman mean bias=-9.32 ml, P=0.096), while 2D ultrasound also showed good consistency (ICC=0.91), but significantly underestimated bladder volume (mean bias=-67.93 ml, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that 2D ultrasound had the best agreement with CT in the medium-volume group (200-500 ml, ICC=0.902), whereas agreement decreased in the small-volume (<200 ml, ICC=0.884) and large-volume (>500 ml, ICC=0.840) groups (all P<0.001). The 3D-reconstructed ultrasound maintained excellent consistency with CT across all subgroups (all ICC>0.95), and the measured bladder volume was not statistically significant. Multivariate regression showed that slice thickness, posture, age, sex, and surgical status had no significant effects on CT measurements. Conclusions:Ultrasound with 3D reconstruction enables accurate bladder volume monitoring through true 3D contour reconstruction, while conventional 2D ultrasound systematically underestimates bladder volume and requires correction.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with ruxolitinib cream in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo in Boao Super Hospital. All the patients were treated with oral baricitinib daily (2 mg/day for patients weighing ≤ 50 kg; 4 mg/day for those > 50 kg) in combination with topical application of ruxolitinib cream twice daily for 24 consecutive weeks. Disease severity was assessed using the facial vitiligo area scoring index (F-VASI) and total body VASI (T-VASI) at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Adverse reactions were monitored throughout the treatment course.Results:Six patients with progressive nonsegmental vitiligo were collected, including 3 males and 3 females, aged 26 - 42 years, with the disease duration ranging from 0.5 to 25 years. At week 12, 3 patients achieved a 50% ~ < 75% improvement in facial vitiligo lesions (F-VASI 50), 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75 (75% ~ < 90% improvement), and 1 patient achieved T-VASI 50; at week 24, 4 patients achieved F-VASI 50, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 75, 1 patient achieved F-VASI 90 (≥ 90% improvement), and 3 patients achieved T-VASI 50. During the treatment, upper respiratory infection occurred in 1 patient, acne in 1 patient, pruritus in 2 patients, elevation of total cholesterol levels in 2 patients, and increase of high-density lipoprotein levels in 2 patients. No severe adverse events were observed during the treatment.Conclusion:The combination therapy with baricitinib and ruxolitinib cream may have potential efficacy and safety in the treatment of progressive nonsegmental vitiligo.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and conventional 2D ultrasound in measuring bladder volume in pelvic tumor patients, using computed tomography (CT) as the reference.Methods:A set of bladder phantoms were constructed to compare CT and ultrasound measurements with actual injected volumes. Clinical data of 104 pelvic tumor patients who received radiotherapy at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between August and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Portable transabdominal ultrasound was used to obtain the largest bladder cross-section, and the maximum diameters in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions (D LR, D AP, D SI) were measured. The 2D ultrasound volume was calculated as V=0.523 × D LR × D AP × D SI. Full-bladder transverse videos were recorded and processed in Matlab R2016a through frame extraction(60 images), followed by contrast enhancement, edge detection segmentation, cubic spline interpolation, and image smoothing to achieve 3D reconstruction. Paired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess systematic bias and consistency between ultrasound methods and CT. Multivariate linear regression was applied to evaluate the effects of slice thickness, posture, age, and other factors on CT measurements. Results:In the phantom study, deviations of 2D ultrasound and CT from actual injected volumes were (0.73±3.05) ml ( t=-0.48, P=0.667) and (1.52±11.27) ml ( t=0.17, P=0.875), with ICC values>0.999. In the clinical study, mean bladder volumes measured by 3D-reconstructed ultrasound, conventional 2D ultrasound, and CT were (373.5±153.31), (314.89±135.28), (382.82±157.57) ml, respectively. The 3D-reconstructed method showed excellent agreement with CT (ICC=0.98; Bland-Altman mean bias=-9.32 ml, P=0.096), while 2D ultrasound also showed good consistency (ICC=0.91), but significantly underestimated bladder volume (mean bias=-67.93 ml, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that 2D ultrasound had the best agreement with CT in the medium-volume group (200-500 ml, ICC=0.902), whereas agreement decreased in the small-volume (<200 ml, ICC=0.884) and large-volume (>500 ml, ICC=0.840) groups (all P<0.001). The 3D-reconstructed ultrasound maintained excellent consistency with CT across all subgroups (all ICC>0.95), and the measured bladder volume was not statistically significant. Multivariate regression showed that slice thickness, posture, age, sex, and surgical status had no significant effects on CT measurements. Conclusions:Ultrasound with 3D reconstruction enables accurate bladder volume monitoring through true 3D contour reconstruction, while conventional 2D ultrasound systematically underestimates bladder volume and requires correction.

Objective To observe the relationship between functional connectivity(FC)of frontoparietal network(FPN)and cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)using resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI).Methods rs-fMRI of 50 CSVD patients with cognitive impairment(CI group),65 CSVD patients with normal cognition(NC group)and 60 healthy controls(HC group),as well as outcomes of neuropsychological tests were retrospectively analyzed.Brain regions with different FC of FPN were compared among 3 groups and between each 2 groups.Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations of FC of brain regions value being statistically different between CI and NC groups and cognitive scores.Results Significant differences of FC in bilateral cingulate gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,right supramarginal gyrus,right inferior parietal lobule and right medial superior frontal gyrus were found among groups(FWE correction,all P＜0.05).Compared with NC group,FC of left cingulate gyrus decreased,of right inferior frontal gyrus and right medial superior frontal gyrus increased in CI group(FWE correction,all P＜0.05).The decreased FC value of left cingulate gyrus was negatively correlated with clock drawing test score in CSVD patients(r=-0.159,P=0.049).Conclusion CSVD patients with or without CI had extensive abnormal FC of FPN,and the left cingulate gyrus was associated with patient's cognitive function.

Objective We propose a low-dose CT reconstruction method using partial differential equation (PDE) denoising under high-dimensional constraints. Methods The projection data were mapped into a high-dimensional space to construct a high-dimensional representation of the data, which were updated by moving the points in the high-dimensional space. The data were denoised using partial differential equations and the CT image was reconstructed using the FBP algorithm. Results Compared with those by FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, the relative root mean square error of the Shepp-Logan image reconstructed by the proposed method were reduced by 68.87％, 50.15％ and 27.36％, the structural similarity values were increased by 23.50％, 8.83％ and 1.62％, and the feature similarity values were increased by 17.30％, 2.71％ and 2.82％, respectively. For clinical image reconstruction, the proposed method, as compared with FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, resulted in reduction of the relative root mean square error by 42.09％, 31.04％and 21.93％, increased the structural similarity values by 18.33％, 13.45％ and 4.63％, and increased the feature similarity values by 3.13％, 1.46％ and 1.10％, respectively. Conclusion The new method can effectively reduce the streak artifacts and noises while maintaining the spatial resolution in reconstructed low-dose CT images.

Objective:With the help of SWOT(S: internal strengths, W: internal weaknesses, O: external opportunities, T: external threats)analysis, to explore the internal and external conditions of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy applied to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, and to propose development strategies.Methods:SWOT analysis was used to analyze and sort out the internal strengths and internal weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.Results:The internal strengths of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease were significant therapeutic effect, strong operability and high cost-effectiveness. The internal weaknesses included excessive dependence on patients′ treatment enthusiasm, and a lack of psychological training among nurses. The external opportunities included demand support, technical support, and theoretical support. The external threats were the lack of large-scale empirical research and the risk of patient personal information leakage.Conclusions:In the clinical application of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, both strengths and weaknesses coexist, and opportunities and threats coexist. Only by taking strengths of opportunities to overcome weaknesses, improve the autonomy and enthusiasm of patients in treatment, and increase the psychological training of medical staff, can internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy be further promoted in the clinical application of improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective We propose a low-dose CT reconstruction method using partial differential equation (PDE) denoising under high-dimensional constraints. Methods The projection data were mapped into a high-dimensional space to construct a high-dimensional representation of the data, which were updated by moving the points in the high-dimensional space. The data were denoised using partial differential equations and the CT image was reconstructed using the FBP algorithm. Results Compared with those by FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, the relative root mean square error of the Shepp-Logan image reconstructed by the proposed method were reduced by 68.87％, 50.15％ and 27.36％, the structural similarity values were increased by 23.50％, 8.83％ and 1.62％, and the feature similarity values were increased by 17.30％, 2.71％ and 2.82％, respectively. For clinical image reconstruction, the proposed method, as compared with FBP, PWLS-QM and TGV-WLS methods, resulted in reduction of the relative root mean square error by 42.09％, 31.04％and 21.93％, increased the structural similarity values by 18.33％, 13.45％ and 4.63％, and increased the feature similarity values by 3.13％, 1.46％ and 1.10％, respectively. Conclusion The new method can effectively reduce the streak artifacts and noises while maintaining the spatial resolution in reconstructed low-dose CT images.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and drug combined with endoscopic treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB).Methods:From January 2012 to December 2013, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, the data of 147 patients with liver cirrhosis and EGVB undergoing TIPS or drug combined with endoscopic treatment were retrospectively collected, with 87 cases in TIPS treatment group and 60 in drug combined with endoscopic treatment group.The 5 years follow-up data were analyzed, and the overall survival rates, rebleeding-free survival rates and hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after treatment of two groups were compared. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Z test, log-rank test and trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, initial liver function, coagulation function, liver ascites, previous history of hepatic encephalopathy, blood pressure and preoperative blood transfusion history between the TIPS treatment group and combination of drugs and endoscopy treatment group (all P>0.05). Forty-one patients died within 5 years, of which 20 (48.8%) died of rebleeding and 6 (14.6%) died of hepatic encephalopathy. There were no significant differences in 6-week, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year overall survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was higher than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (78.4% vs. 63.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.06, P=0.048). The 6-week, 1-year, 2-year, 5-year rebleeding-free survival rates of the TIPS group were 97.7%, 96.5%, 88.9% and 70.9%, respectively, which were all higher than those of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (86.7%, 53.3%, 43.3% and 27.1%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.35, 6.39, 6.26 and 4.80, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years after treatment between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was lower than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (67.7% vs. 86.7%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.28, P=0.030). The lower the Child-Pugh classification, the higher the cumulative 5-year survival rate ( χ2=6.75, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate in patients with the same Child-Pugh classification between the TIPS group and the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of TIPS is better than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment in treating EGVB. Even the long-term risk of hepatic encephalopathy of TIPS is higher, the short-term, middle-term and long-term rebleeding rate are decreased. Patients with Child-Pugh grade C do not need to avoid TIPS when choosing the treatment, the earlier the TIPS used, the better survival benefit will be obtained.