To analyze the in vitro antibacterial effects of colistin (COL) or tigecycline (TGC) in combination with imipenem (IPM), amikacin (AMK), and cefoperazone-sulbactam (CSL) against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB), so as to provide evidence for screening effective combination regimens for clinical microbial infections.

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of diabetes-related deaths on the probability of premature mortality and life expectancy in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2023, and to provide reference data for the optimization of targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsAll death cases involving diabetes among the registered residents of Minhang District from 2004 to 2023 were collected. The probability of premature mortality and life expectancy was computed using the abridged life table method. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated with Joinpoint 4.9.0.0. The Arriaga decomposition method was employed for statistical analyses of the influence of cause-specific and age-specific mortality related to diabetes on life expectancy. ResultsThe total number of diabetes-related mortality, crude mortality, and standardized mortality for both males and females in Minhang District from 2004 to 2023 exhibited an increasing trend (P<0.001). The primary causes of death among diabetes-related cases were cardiovascular disease (37.68%), diabetes mellitus (31.95%), and malignant tumor (17.80%). From 2004 to 2023, probability of premature mortality to diabetes-related diseases demonstrated a rising trend (P<0.001), contrasting with the declining trend observed in the overall population (P=0.001). Males showed a significant upward trajectory (P<0.001), while females displayed a stable pattern. Among the diseases exerting considerable influence, cardiovascular disease and malignant tumor revealed a marked increase over time (P<0.001), whereas diabetes mellitus maintained a stable trend; both factors negatively impacted the reduction in probability of premature mortality. From 2004 to 2023, diabetes-related mortality reduced life expectancy among residents by an average of 1.22 years (-49.89%), indicating a negative impact; the reduction was 1.41 years in males and 0.90 years in females. The age groups exhibiting greater negative contributions differed by genders, namely males aged 50‒54 years and females aged 70‒74 years. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignant tumor contributed significantly to this decline (-0.46 years, -0.42 years, -0.20 years, respectively), with male experiencing higher negative contributions than females. ConclusionIn Minhang District, the rising mortality associated with diabetes-related diseases negatively impact both the reduction of the probability of premature mortality and the increase in life expectancy. This trend is primarily attributed to the rapid escalation of mortality and younger age demographic of male residents, which warrants significant attention. It is recommended that, based on the enhancement of case management, efforts should be directed towards the targeted prevention and control of risk factors and high-risk populations.

Aim The key genes for necroptosis in atherosclerosis were screened by bioinformatics methods and verified with the help of in vitro experiments to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis from the perspective of necroptosis.Methods Genes related to atherosclerotic plaques were downloaded from GEO da-tabase,and genes related to necroptosis were downloaded from GeneCards database and intersected to obtain atherosclerotic necroptosis genes,and the mechanism of action and signalling pathways of the genes were further analysed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed and screened for key genes.Finally,macrophages were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein(oa-LDL)at a final concentration of 100 mg/L,and the expression of key genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results A total of 81 atherosclerotic nec-roptosis genes were obtained.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that they were mainly enriched in the positive regulation of endopeptidase activity,IκB kinase(IKK)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)signalling,and autophagy signalling pathway.Five key genes including HSPA8,STAT3,HMOX1,SQSTM1 and FAS were obtained by using five computa-tional methods of Cytoscape software cytoHubba plug-in.Compared with the normal control group,the HMOX1 gene was highly expressed in THP-1 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while the expression of the HSPA8,STAT3,SQSTM1 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05);the HMOX1 and SQSTM1 genes were highly expressed in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while HSPA8,STAT3 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05).The expression of HMOX1 protein in THP-1 macrophages was also increased.Conclusion HMOX1 may be the key gene of atherosclerotic necroptosis,and it is expected to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education (GHE) as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE's development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disci-plinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared be-tween 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like "Google Scholar","PubMed",and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts col-lected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China's GHE programs was built on China's increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health de-partment in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH) grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes "unique" to stu-dents majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1) clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2) multidisciplinary col-laborations;(3) public-sector investments;and (4) non-public sectors participation.Amidst China's increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metformin/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) / glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (triple therapy) with conventional glucose-lowering therapy(conventional therapy) for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods: A prospective randomized-controlled 26-week study was carried out. A total of 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either triple therapy protocal or just conventional therapy, altogether with 41 cases in each group. Results: HbA_1C value was significantly reduced in triple therapy group versus the conventional therapy group [(2.23±1.75)% vs (1.48±1.59)%, P<0.05]. Values of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were significantly reduced in triple therapy group as compared to those of conventional therapy group [(2.50±1.81 vs 0.92±1.82)kg/m², (6.75±4.92 vs 1.66±3.25)cm, (24.10±19.10 vs 10.02±20.10)cm², all P<0.01, respectively]. Control rates of HbA_1C and fasting plasma glucose for triple therapy were higher than those for conventional therapy (both P<0.05). No hypoglycemia occurred in triple therapy group. Subjects receiving triple therapy experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in conventional therapy group (18.87% vs 3.92%, P<0.05). The most common side event was mild nausea (90%). Conclusion Combination therapy with metformin/TZDs/GLP-1 analogs had statistically significant advantages in the control of body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in addition to the control of blood glucose over conventional glucose-lowering therapy in our patient cohort, it seems to be an optimized therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabete and metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tumor shape and location on pulmonary dose-volume parameters by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aiming to provide a reference basis for establishing limits of the pulmonary dose-volume parameters during IMRT. Methods: Clinical data of 208 NSCLC patients undergoing radical IMRT from June 2009 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the tumor shape and location, 208 cases were divided into the vertical bar group (n=127) and the horizontal bar group (n=81), the superior lung group (n=103) and the inferior lung group (n=105). Regression model curve was used to evaluate the effect of tumor shape and location upon the common pulmonary dose-volume parameters(V₅, V₂₀, MLD, AVS₅ and AVS₂₀). Results: In all groups, the fitting curves of V₅, V₂₀ and MLD were manifested in the quadratic equation pattern, and AVS₅ and AVS₂₀ in the logarithmic equation manner. In the vertical bar group, the V₅(P=0.015), V₂₀(P=0.047) and MLD (P=0.012) were significantly higher, whereas the AVS₅(P=0.044) was significantly lower compared with those in the horizontal bar group. No statistical significance was observed in AVS₂₀ between two groups (P=0.490). The tumor location exerted significant effect upon V₅ alone (P=0.009). Conclusions When the tumors presents in the vertical bar shape, the limits of the common lung dose-volume parameters are likely to exceed those of tumors in the vertical bar shape. Lung tumors located in the inferior lobe exerts a more significant effect upon the low-dose region volume compared with the tumors in the superior lobe.

Purpose To investigate the value of low dose CT combined with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) technique for evaluation of both breast lesion and pulmonary metastasis in patients with breast cancer,and compare the effects of IMR,hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and filtered back projection (FBP) techniques on image quality.Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with solitary tumor confirmed by mammography and/or ultrasonography at Navy General Hospital from January to May in 2016 were enrolled,and the related breast imaging reporting and data system reached to level 4 and above.All patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT with different tube current for breast (scanning 6 times within 6 minutes) and chest scans;the conventional tube current (61 mAs) was used at the 2 minutes phase after injection,and the low tube current (10 mAs) was used at the other 5 phases.CT images were reconstructed with FBP,HIR and IMR techniques,respectively.The images of breast lesions and chest in 2 minutes scans were evaluated objectively and subjectively.Results The mean effective radiation dose was (2.15 ± 0.39) mSv.The images of 3 reconstruction techniques at the 2 minutes phase were compared,and the IMR images showed the lowest image noise and the optimal contrast to noise ratio (P＜0.05).The images quality of 3 kinds of reconstruction techniques was acceptable,of which IMR was better than HIR and FBP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Low dose CT scan combined with IMR technique can remain low radiation with dose of 2 mSv,while maintaining good image quality,which can be used for preoperative evaluation of both breast lesion and pulmonary metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of P-selectin on the intestinal tumorigenesis in the 15,24-week-old ApcMin/+ mice.[Methods] Male ApcMin/+ mice were mated with female P-selectin knockout (P-sel-/-) mice to generate AMin/+Ps-/-mice.The diameters and numbers of the intestinal tumors in the intestines of ApcMin/+ and AM/+ps-/-mice were measured using an inverted microscope.The tumor volumes were measured using the following equation:volume =0.52 × (length × width2).[Results] There were no significant difference between the volume and number of intestinal tumor in 15-week-old ApcMin/+ mice and 15-week-old A+ P-mice.The volume and number of intestinal tumor were significantly increased in 24-week-old A+P-mice compared to 24-weekold ApcMin/+ mice.P-selectin deletion significantly prolonged the survival time of ApcMin/+ mice.[Conclusions] P-selectin deletion promotes the intestinal tumorigenesis in the 24-week-old ApcMin/+ mice.

Recently, drug delivery materials have become the hotspot of medical study. Suitable delivery material plays an important role in constructing an excellent drug delivery system. Silk fibroin is a naturally occurring protein polymer with excellent biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties, biodegradability and outstanding processability. Due to its unique properties, silk fibroin has become a favorable carrier material for the incorporation and delivery of a range of therapeutic agents. Based on the structure and characteristics of silk fibroin, this article provides an overview of the recent research progress of silk fibroin used as drug delivery materials.
Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fibroins ; chemistry

AIM: To investigate the effect of injection stauntoniae ( IS) on inflammatory pain responses in mice.METHODS:The carrageenan test was used to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of IS .Except for control group, the mice in other groups received an injection of λ-carrageenan solution (1%, 50 μL) into the plantar region of the left hind paws , followed by a subcutaneous injection of IS at doses of 12.5%, 50%and 100%or equal vol-ume of 0.9%NaCl.Both paw edema and hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation were measured 4 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the injection of λ-carrageenan solution.The lumbar-5 (L5) dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of the mice were taken to inves-tigate the cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX-2) expression by immunohistochemical staining .RESULTS:Subcutaneous injection of IS potently inhibited paw edema and hyperalgesia induced by λ-carrageenan in the mice accompanied with the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in L 5 DRGs.CONCLUSION:IS exerts the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the in-flammatory responses by inhibiting the protein expression of COX-2 in DRGs.