Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often experience varying degrees of malnutrition， and the patients with malnutrition are more susceptible to complications such as infections and ascites， which may lead to a poor prognosis. Therefore， it is particularly important to conduct nutritional risk screening for patients in clinical practice， and appropriate nutritional assessment tools should be used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients and develop individualized nutritional supplementation regimens， thereby promoting disease recovery and improving prognosis and quality of life. This article elaborates on the specific methods for nutritional screening， assessment， and management in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and points out that systematic nutritional screening and assessment can help to identify the patients with malnutrition in the early stage and provide timely intervention. Individualized nutritional supplementation regimens should be adjusted based on the conditions of patients， so as to meet their nutritional needs， promote the recovery of liver function， improve overall health status， and enhance long-term quality of life.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction(HJD)on gastric mucosal injury induced by Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection.Methods A Wistar rat model of Hp-induced gastric mucosal injury was established.Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups:model group,low-,medium-and high-dose HJD groups,and quadruple therapy group(Omeprazole+Amoxicillin+Clarithromycin+Colloidal Bismuth pectin),8 rats per group,with an additional normal group.After 4 weeks of treatment,gastric mucosal pathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Serum levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β),interleukin 18(IL-18),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 1(CXCL1),chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 9(CXCL9),and gastrin-17(G-17)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Protein expression levels of IRF8,IFN-γ,interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3(Ifit3)and uridine phosphorylase 1(Upp1)in gastric mucosal tissues were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited significant gastric mucosal damage,serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,CXCL1 and CXCL9 were significantly increased,G-17 was drcreased,and protein expression levels of IRF8,IFN-γ,Ifit3 and Upp1 in gastric mucosa were significantly increased,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the gastric mucosal tissue injury of rats in the medium-and high-dose of HJD groups and the quadruple therapy group was significantly improved,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,CXCL1 and CXCL9 in serum were significantly decreased,G-17 was significantly increased,and the protein expression levels of IRF8,IFN-γ,Ifit3 and Upp1 in gastric mucosa were significantly decreased,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The effect in above indexes in high-does HJD groups was superior to the low-and mediun-groups.Conclusion HJD alleviates Hp-induced gastric mucosal injury by inhibiting the IRF8/IFN-γ signaling pathway and subsequent inflammatory responses.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)regulates vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMCs)apoptosis.Methods An in vitro abdominal aortic aneurysm cell model was established by stimulating human VSMCs(HUSMCs)with angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ).Stable ANGPTL8 knockdown and over-expression VSMC cell strains were generated using lentiviral transfection.TUNEL staining was used to de-tect apoptosis.Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression of ANGPTL8,caspase9,caspase3,Bcl-2,Bax,p53,and PUMA,while RT-qPCR was used to assess mRNA expression of ANGPTL8,Bcl-2 and Bax.Results AngⅡ significantly induced ANGPTL8 expression in HVSMCs in a time-and dose-de-pendent manner(P＜0.05).ANGPTL8 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase9,caspase3,and Bax,while increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(P＜0.05).Con-versely,ANGPTL8 over-expression markedly induced HVSMCs apoptosis,which was significantly suppressed by treatment with the p53 pathway inhibitor pifithrin-α(PFT-α).Conclusions ANGPTL8 may promote VSMC apop-tosis by activation of p53 signaling pathway.

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration, aimed at providing data support for the development of HEV screening strategies for blood donors. 【Methods】 A total of 3 329 blood samples were collected from four centralized testing areas (Ezhou, Tianmen, Xiantao and Qianjiang) and screened at Wuhan Blood Center from January to December 2021. Among them, 2 737 were eligible blood samples with normal ALT (ALT normal group) and 592 were with elevated ALT (ALT elevated group). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV-Ag, and Real-time PCR was used to perform single HEV RNA detection on blood samples with elevated ALT and normal ALT anti-HEV IgM+ blood samples. A two-sided Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the differences in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in different regions and ALT groups. 【Results】 The overall positive rates of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM, and HEV-Ag in 3 329 blood samples from four regions were 21.63%, 1.29%, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG among blood donors in different regions (P<0.05). The highest positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was found in Tianmen 29.44% (136/462), followed by Qianjiang 22.69% (236/1 040), Xiantao 22.66% (230/1 015), and Ezhou 14.53% (118/812). The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in blood samples with elevated ALT were significantly higher than that in normal ALT samples (25.68% vs 20.75%, 2.53% vs 1.02%, both P<0.05). However, none of the samples was HEV RNA positive. 【Conclusion】 HEV is prevalent among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration with extremely low current infection rates, and the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG serum varies among different regions. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in blood donors with elevated ALT is significantly higher than that in normal ALT donors.

Angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)secreted by liver and adipose tissue,is a glycoprotein exerting paramount effects on facilitation of vascular remodeling and regulation of inflammatory response;ANGPTL8 is in-volved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease,hypertension,aortic aneurysm and pathological cardiac hypertrophy,and holds promise for being a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To explore the role of serum cholinesterase (CHE) levels in the prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Methods:Total of 244 consecutive patients with ADHF who were admitted to the emergency department and were successfully discharged were prospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2020. Patients were divided into groups according to the first and third quartile of CHE level and the clinical data, laboratory tests and other nutritional indices were recorded after discharge, and then were followed up. The primary end points were the composites of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for worsening HF (composite end points). The secondary end points were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. Cox proportional risk analysis, time-dependent Cox regression model or stratified cox regression were used to identify the risk of primary and secondary endpoints. Clinical, biomarker and the compound models of clinical and biomarker were constructed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves of different groups and compare their differences. Receiver Operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to compare the area under the curve for CHE levels and other nutritional or prognostic indicators to identify composite end-point events.Results:During a follow-up period of 350(100,683) days, 158 patients reached the composite end points. In the multivariable Cox analysis, cholinesterase level was significantly associated with the composite end points after adjustment for major confounders. Cox proportional risk analysis or time-dependent Cox regression model showed that CHE level was significantly associated with the composite end points, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in both clinical, biomarker and composite models (all P< 0.05). A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with low cholinesterase levels had significantly greater risk of reaching the composite end points than those with middle or high cholinesterase levels (78.1% vs 66.7% vs. 46.7%, P<0.001); Cholinesterase level showed the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.736 (95% CI, 0.664-0.888) for prediction of the composite end points among other nutritional indices. The AUROC of the Global Meta-Analysis Group Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) Risk Score for prediction of the composite end points was increased from 0.704 to 0.762 ( P=0.038), when cholinesterase level was added. Conclusions:Cholinesterase may serve as a simple and effective prognostic marker for predicting adverse outcomes in ADHF patients.

Objective:To explore the technical focus of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor.Methods:The clinical data of a patient with horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University in September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched for all the literature on the use of robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for the treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor from the time of establishment to December 2022.Results:A total of 11 patients from 10 articles were retrieved and 12 patients were enrolled. Among the 12 patients, 4 cases used the retroperitoneal approach and 8 cases used the transperitoneal approach. Two cases were operated by traditional laparoscope, and the arteries were searched for and controlled before the robotic arm was placed to perform the partial nephrectomy and suture; and 10 cases were operated with the robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach throughout the whole procedure. Five cases of nephrectomy were performed on one side, and 7 cases were performed in the partial nephrectomy. Postoperative pathological diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma in 8 cases, chromophobe cell carcinoma in 1 case, eosinophilic cell carcinoma in 1 case, renal cell carcinoma in 1 case, and renal abscess in 1 case. The patient in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University was 38 years old female who was admitted to the hospital with a fever. After CT arteriography and three-dimensional reconstruction, robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of right kidney and isthmus dissecting was performed. During the operation, tumor trophoblast vessels were ligated and dissected one by one by using single-use tissue closure clips, and the isthmus was dissected using endoscopic cutting anastomosis on the left side of the tumor, with the tumor edges sharply resected and completely dissected. The operation time was 240 min, without thermal ischemia time, and the bleeding volume was about 300 ml. The patient recovered well after the operation, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was renal abscess.Conclusions:Robot-assisted laparoscopic treatment of horseshoe kidney combined with renal tumor is safe and effective, and has more advantages than traditional laparoscopic surgery. Preoperative CT arteriography or three-dimensional reconstruction examination should be applied to fully evaluate the variant vessels. The surgical access and plan should be decided according to the size and location of the tumor. The variant vessels should be properly handled during operation. The use of endoscopic cutting anastomosis to deal with the isthmus can be more conducive to the surgical operation.

Afferent baroreflex failure(ABF)is a rare disease.It refers to the clinical syndrome caused by the impairment of the afferent limb of the baroreflex or its central connections at the level of the medul-la.The recognized causes include trauma,surgery in related areas(radical neck tumor surgery,carotid endarterectomy),neck radiotherapy,brain stem stroke,tumor growth paraganglioma and hereditary diseases,among which the most common cause is extensive neck surgery or radiotherapy for neck cancer.The main manifestations are fluctuating hypertension,orthostatic hypotension,paroxysmal tachycardia and bradycardia.This case is a young man,whose main feature is blood pressure fluctuation,accom-panied by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension(nOH).After examination,the common causes of hyper-tension and nOH were ruled out.Combined with the previous neck radiotherapy and neck lymph node dissection,it was considered that the blood pressure regulation was abnormal due to the damage of carotid sinus baroreceptor after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and neck lymph node dissection,which was called ABF.At the same time,the patient was complicated with chronic hyponatremia.Com-bined with clinical and laboratory examination,the final consideration was caused by syndrome of in-appropriate antidiuretic hormone(SIADH).Baroreceptors controlled the secretion of heart rate,blood pres-sure and antidiuretic hormone through the mandatory"inhibition"signal.We speculate that the carotid sinus baroreceptor was damaged after neck radiotherapy and surgery,which leads to abnormal blood pres-sure regulation and nOH,while the function of inhibiting ADH secretion was weakened,resulting in higher ADH than normal level and mild hyponatremia.The goal of treating ABF patients was to reduce the frequency and amplitude of sudden changes in blood pressure and heart rate,and to alleviate the on-set of symptomatic hypotension.At present,drug treatment is still controversial,and non-drug treatment may alleviate some patients'symptoms,but long-term effective treatment still needs further study.The incidence of ABF is not high,but it may lead to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,and the mechanism involved is extremely complicated,and there are few related studies.The reports of rele-vant medical records warn that patients undergoing neck radiotherapy or surgery should minimize the da-mage to the baroreceptor in the carotid sinus in order to reduce the adverse prognosis caused by complica-tions.

Objective:To investigate the central mechanism of moxibustion in treating chronic inflammatory visceral pain(CIVP)and its analgesic effect from the perspective of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/Ets-like transcription factor 1(ELK1)signaling pathway in the spinal cord. Methods:Clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a herb-partitioned moxibustion(HPM)group,a sham-HPM group,a p38 MAPK inhibitor group,and a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group.CIVP rat models were prepared using an enema mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution and 50%ethanol.The HPM group was treated with HPM;the sham-HPM group was treated the same as the HPM group,but the moxa cones were not ignited;rats in the p38 MAPK inhibitor group received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of p38 MAPK inhibitor(SB203580);rats in the DMSO group received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of 2%DMSO.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR),mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT),and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were used to observe pain-related behaviors in each group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes in rat colon tissue.Western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the phosphorylated protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1),MAPK kinase(MKK)3/6,p38 MAPK,ELK1,and mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1(MSK1)in the spinal cord. Results:Compared with the normal group,CIVP rats had severe colonic inflammatory injuries,and the pathological injury scores increased significantly,along with increased AWR scores under different colorectal distension(CRD)stimulation pressures and decreased MWT and TWL;the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of p38 MAPK,ELK1,MSK1,ASK1,MKK3,and MKK6 all increased in the spinal cord(P<0.01).After HPM treatment,the colon injuries were repaired,and the pathological injury scores decreased;under different CRD stimulation pressures,the AWR scores decreased,and the MWT and TWL increased;the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of p38 MAPK,ELK1,ASK1,and MKK3 in the spinal cord also decreased,with statistically significant differences compared with the model group and the sham-HPM group(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the HPM group and the p38 MAPK inhibitor group(P>0.05),and the same was true regarding the comparisons between the model group and the DMSO group. Conclusion:HPM exerted analgesic effects via downregulating the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of ASK1,MKK3,p38 MAPK,and ELK1 in the spinal cord of CIVP rats.The inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK/ELK1 signaling pathway activation may be one of the mechanisms by which HPM relieves pain in CIVP.

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disease.Pathogenic mutations in ALDH5A1 genes lead to abnormalities in the structure, activity and function of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, resulting in a series of neurological damage.Due to the rarity of SSADHD and the huge differences in its clinical manifestations, it often leads to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, and the treatment is mainly symptomatic.There is no specific drug or treatment.In March 2024, the SSADHD consensus group, composed of SSADHD researchers from 19 institutions in 11 countries and regions, released the " Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency" , which elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of SSADHD, aiming to standardize and unify the diagnosis and management of SSADHD.This article interprets the key contents of the guidelines, in order to provide guidance for the early screening, diagnosis and treatment of SSADHD in China.