Objective:To understand the current status of epidemiological investigation task force construction and the performance of infectious disease epidemic response in county (district) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in China, analyze the influencing factors and provide scientific evidence to improve the construction of grassroot epidemiological investigation task force.Methods:A survey was conducted in epidemiological investigation staff in county (district) CDCs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information based on the epidemiological dynamic data collection platform of China CDC. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted, and multiple linear regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the performance of infectious disease epidemic response.Results:A total of 24 934 epidemiological investigation task force members from 2 897 county (district) CDCs were surveyed in the study. In the epidemiological investigation task force, women, those with bachelor's degree and public health workers accounted for 62.46%, 71.36%, and 49.05% respectively. Up to 91.72% of the task force members had participated in field epidemic response. The average score of awareness of epidemic investigation procedures was 60.00, while the average score of key skill proficiency in the investigation was 42.22. The epidemic response performance showed correlations with area, gender, age, education level, major, and field epidemiology training programs, those who had received longer training showed higher competency scores (all P<0.001). Conclusions:Progress has been made in the construction of epidemiological investigation task force in grass-root CDCs in China, but further improvements are needed, especially in the knowledge awareness and investigation skills of the task force. Field epidemiology training demonstrated substantial impact on the improvement of epidemic response performance, indicating that it is necessary to further strengthen the training in grassroot public health workers for the better response to infectious disease epidemics.

Objective:To understand the awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, influenza incidence, influenza vaccination status and intention and related factors in primary and secondary school teachers.Methods:Cross-sectional study design and stratified random sampling method were used to select 5 teachers from each of 51 primary schools and 40 middle schools in a district of Beijing from April 17 to 21, 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the selected teachers with an estimated sample size of 1 040. The survey collected the information about their demographic characteristics, awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, influenza incidence, influenza vaccination status and intention. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to influenza vaccination status and intention.Results:In the 975 primary and secondary school teachers, the awareness of susceptibility and severity of influenza and the benefits of influenza vaccination were high. In terms of safety of influenza vaccine, 48.00% (468/975) of the teachers believed that adverse reaction would occur after the vaccination. Influenza like illness occurred in 41.13% (401/975) of the teachers during 2023-2024, and in these teachers, 40.15% (161/401) asked for leave from work due to illness, 40.90% (164/401) sought medical care and 32.93% (54/164) were influenza virus positive. In the 975 teachers, 13.95% (136/975) were vaccinated against influenza during 2023-2024 and 34.46% (336/975) were willing to be vaccinated against influenza during 2024-2025. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being teacher in charge of a class (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.35), believing that influenza vaccination could effectively prevent influenza (a OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.05-3.80), believing that teachers' vaccination could improve students' willingness to be vaccinated (a OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.12-3.50) were the positive factors for teachers' vaccination, and worrying about adverse reactions after the vaccination (a OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.80) was the negative factor. Doctors' recommendation (a OR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.41-4.86) and free influenza vaccination (a OR=10.26, 95% CI: 5.17-20.39) were positively correlated with teachers' intention to influenza vaccination. Conclusions:Primary and secondary school teachers in a district of Beijing had high awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, but their awareness of influenza vaccine safety should be improved. The incidence of influenza-related infection was high in the primary and secondary school teachers. The influenza vaccination rate was low and the willingness to receive influenza vaccination in following year was not strong. For the better prevention and control of influenza in schools, it is necessary to strengthen the health education in primary and secondary school teachers to improve their awareness of influenza vaccine safety and vaccination rate.

Objective To investigate the impact of scenario class teaching on language expression,communication skills,and final exam performance of non-clinical majors students in the course of Medical Parasitology.Method Undergraduate students of non-clinical medical programs from Kunming Medical University in 2022 were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into a scenario class group and a non-scenario class group.Questionnaires were administered to compare the two groups regarding their interest in the laboratory classes,enjoyment levels,and knowledge retention.Additionally,the final exam scores of the two groups were compared.Results Students in the scenario class group showed significantly higher interest(82.6%)and enjoyment levels(88.3%)for laboratory classes compared to the non-scenario class group(73.0%and 60.1%,respectively,P<0.05).Students in the scenario class group believed that situational teaching enhanced their self-learning ability(82.06%),interest in learning(83.2%),willingness to express themselves(83.2%),confidence in expression(81.8%),and communication skills(87.9%).Additionally,It effectively facilitated their understanding of the occurrence and development of parasitic diseases(85.9%)and familiarity with the diagnosis and treatment process(86.8%),thereby cultivating clinical thinking.In terms of final exam scores,the scenario class group had a higher average score(22.80±0.18)than the non-situational classroom group(21.47±0.17,P<0.05).Conclusion Sc-enario class teaching in Medical Parasitology can effectively improve students'self-learning ability,language expression,and communication skills,cultivate clinical thinking,and enhance academic performance,demonstrating significant teaching advantages.

Abstract Ferroptosis , a novel , non-apoptotic form of cell death discovered in 2012 , has garnered significant at- tention. It is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various intestinal diseases , including colorectal canc- er, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury , functional gastrointestinal disorders , and inflammatory bowel disease. These processes involve multiple pathological mechanisms such as inflammation , immune dysregulation , and intesti- nal epithelial dysfunction. By reviewing and summarizing recent literature on ferroptosis-related mechanisms in in- testinal diseases , this article explores the roles and effects of ferroptosis in different intestinal pathologies.

Objective To investigate the correlation between peripheral blood total bilirubin(TBIL)levels and the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),as well as its relationship with immune inflammation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 246 patients with advanced NSCLC who received immunotherapy from June 2019 to June 2022.Pre-treatment TBIL levels were collected,and the optimal cutoff value for TBIL was determined using the"X-tile"software and the ROC curve.The impact of pre-treatment TBIL on the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis of advanced NSCLC was an-alyzed.Results The optimal cutoff value for TBIL was identified as 10.5μmol/L using the"X-tile"software and the ROC curve.A-nalysis of short-term efficacy indicated that patients with higher TBIL levels had a significantly better objective response rate(ORR)compared to those with lower levels(51.3％vs 33.8％,P=0.006).The disease control rate(DCR)was also higher in the higher TBIL level group compared to the low level group(92.9％vs 81.2％,P=0.007).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with elevated TBIL levels had a longer median progression-free survival(PFS)compared to those with lower TBIL levels,with 13.0 vs 7.0 months,respectively(P＜0.001).Similarly,the median overall survival(OS)was greater in the higher TBIL level group than in the lower TBIL level group,with 16.0 vs 12.0months,respectively(P＜0.001).Additionally,there were significant differences in neutro-phil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)between two groups of different TBIL levels(P＜0.05).Conclusion In immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer,patients with higher baseline levels of TBIL exhibit a positive correlation with the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.TBIL might be served as an important predictive marker for immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Objective To analyze the correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)with short-term outcome and long-term prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A retrospective study was conducted.A total of 215NSCLC patients who received a complete 4-cycle chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into remission group(n=97)and non-remission group(n=118)based on the efficacy of the treatments,and the differences in NLR,PLR,SII,and decline rate of each index were compared between the two groups.NLR,PLR,SII and decline rate before and after treatment were grouped by the best cut-off value or median,and the differences in progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed by each index group.Results NLR and PLR in the remission group before each cycle of treatment were signifi-cantly lower than those in the non-remission group,and SII in the remission group before cycles 2nd,3rd,and 4th of treatment were sig-nificantly lower than those in the non-remission group(P＜0.05);From initial treatment to before the fourth treatment cycle,NLR and SII decline rates in the remission group were significantly higher than those in the non-remission group(P＜0.05);the tumor stage,NLR before cycle 4th of treatment were independent influencing factors of short-term efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC(P＜0.05);patients with low NLR,PLR,SII and higher rates of decline in NLR and SII before cycle 4th treatment had longer progression-free survival and overall survival(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tumor stage and post-treatment NLR are significantly correlated with the short-term outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC,and high post-treatment NLR often suggests a poorer response to treatment.The prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients with higher NLR decline rate and higher SII decline rate after treatment is better.

Objective:To understand the current status of epidemiological investigation task force construction and the performance of infectious disease epidemic response in county (district) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in China, analyze the influencing factors and provide scientific evidence to improve the construction of grassroot epidemiological investigation task force.Methods:A survey was conducted in epidemiological investigation staff in county (district) CDCs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information based on the epidemiological dynamic data collection platform of China CDC. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted, and multiple linear regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the performance of infectious disease epidemic response.Results:A total of 24 934 epidemiological investigation task force members from 2 897 county (district) CDCs were surveyed in the study. In the epidemiological investigation task force, women, those with bachelor's degree and public health workers accounted for 62.46%, 71.36%, and 49.05% respectively. Up to 91.72% of the task force members had participated in field epidemic response. The average score of awareness of epidemic investigation procedures was 60.00, while the average score of key skill proficiency in the investigation was 42.22. The epidemic response performance showed correlations with area, gender, age, education level, major, and field epidemiology training programs, those who had received longer training showed higher competency scores (all P<0.001). Conclusions:Progress has been made in the construction of epidemiological investigation task force in grass-root CDCs in China, but further improvements are needed, especially in the knowledge awareness and investigation skills of the task force. Field epidemiology training demonstrated substantial impact on the improvement of epidemic response performance, indicating that it is necessary to further strengthen the training in grassroot public health workers for the better response to infectious disease epidemics.

Objective:To understand the awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, influenza incidence, influenza vaccination status and intention and related factors in primary and secondary school teachers.Methods:Cross-sectional study design and stratified random sampling method were used to select 5 teachers from each of 51 primary schools and 40 middle schools in a district of Beijing from April 17 to 21, 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the selected teachers with an estimated sample size of 1 040. The survey collected the information about their demographic characteristics, awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, influenza incidence, influenza vaccination status and intention. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to influenza vaccination status and intention.Results:In the 975 primary and secondary school teachers, the awareness of susceptibility and severity of influenza and the benefits of influenza vaccination were high. In terms of safety of influenza vaccine, 48.00% (468/975) of the teachers believed that adverse reaction would occur after the vaccination. Influenza like illness occurred in 41.13% (401/975) of the teachers during 2023-2024, and in these teachers, 40.15% (161/401) asked for leave from work due to illness, 40.90% (164/401) sought medical care and 32.93% (54/164) were influenza virus positive. In the 975 teachers, 13.95% (136/975) were vaccinated against influenza during 2023-2024 and 34.46% (336/975) were willing to be vaccinated against influenza during 2024-2025. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being teacher in charge of a class (a OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.35), believing that influenza vaccination could effectively prevent influenza (a OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.05-3.80), believing that teachers' vaccination could improve students' willingness to be vaccinated (a OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.12-3.50) were the positive factors for teachers' vaccination, and worrying about adverse reactions after the vaccination (a OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.80) was the negative factor. Doctors' recommendation (a OR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.41-4.86) and free influenza vaccination (a OR=10.26, 95% CI: 5.17-20.39) were positively correlated with teachers' intention to influenza vaccination. Conclusions:Primary and secondary school teachers in a district of Beijing had high awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine, but their awareness of influenza vaccine safety should be improved. The incidence of influenza-related infection was high in the primary and secondary school teachers. The influenza vaccination rate was low and the willingness to receive influenza vaccination in following year was not strong. For the better prevention and control of influenza in schools, it is necessary to strengthen the health education in primary and secondary school teachers to improve their awareness of influenza vaccine safety and vaccination rate.

Objective To analyze the correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)with short-term outcome and long-term prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A retrospective study was conducted.A total of 215NSCLC patients who received a complete 4-cycle chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into remission group(n=97)and non-remission group(n=118)based on the efficacy of the treatments,and the differences in NLR,PLR,SII,and decline rate of each index were compared between the two groups.NLR,PLR,SII and decline rate before and after treatment were grouped by the best cut-off value or median,and the differences in progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed by each index group.Results NLR and PLR in the remission group before each cycle of treatment were signifi-cantly lower than those in the non-remission group,and SII in the remission group before cycles 2nd,3rd,and 4th of treatment were sig-nificantly lower than those in the non-remission group(P＜0.05);From initial treatment to before the fourth treatment cycle,NLR and SII decline rates in the remission group were significantly higher than those in the non-remission group(P＜0.05);the tumor stage,NLR before cycle 4th of treatment were independent influencing factors of short-term efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC(P＜0.05);patients with low NLR,PLR,SII and higher rates of decline in NLR and SII before cycle 4th treatment had longer progression-free survival and overall survival(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tumor stage and post-treatment NLR are significantly correlated with the short-term outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC,and high post-treatment NLR often suggests a poorer response to treatment.The prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients with higher NLR decline rate and higher SII decline rate after treatment is better.

Objective To investigate the correlation between peripheral blood total bilirubin(TBIL)levels and the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),as well as its relationship with immune inflammation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 246 patients with advanced NSCLC who received immunotherapy from June 2019 to June 2022.Pre-treatment TBIL levels were collected,and the optimal cutoff value for TBIL was determined using the"X-tile"software and the ROC curve.The impact of pre-treatment TBIL on the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis of advanced NSCLC was an-alyzed.Results The optimal cutoff value for TBIL was identified as 10.5μmol/L using the"X-tile"software and the ROC curve.A-nalysis of short-term efficacy indicated that patients with higher TBIL levels had a significantly better objective response rate(ORR)compared to those with lower levels(51.3％vs 33.8％,P=0.006).The disease control rate(DCR)was also higher in the higher TBIL level group compared to the low level group(92.9％vs 81.2％,P=0.007).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with elevated TBIL levels had a longer median progression-free survival(PFS)compared to those with lower TBIL levels,with 13.0 vs 7.0 months,respectively(P＜0.001).Similarly,the median overall survival(OS)was greater in the higher TBIL level group than in the lower TBIL level group,with 16.0 vs 12.0months,respectively(P＜0.001).Additionally,there were significant differences in neutro-phil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)between two groups of different TBIL levels(P＜0.05).Conclusion In immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer,patients with higher baseline levels of TBIL exhibit a positive correlation with the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.TBIL might be served as an important predictive marker for immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.