Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of reported tuberculosis incidence in Kashgar from 2015 to 2022, and use the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence, providing references for the local control of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:The reported incidence data of tuberculosis in the Kashgar area of Xinjiang from January 2015 to August 2023 were collected through the"Infectious Disease Monitoring System", a subsystem of the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The epidemic characteristics of reported incidence in this area from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. Two SARIMA models of monthly reported incidence number and rate were established. The prediction performance of the two models was evaluated using the reported incidence data of tuberculosis from January 2023 to August 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze population characteristics, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze annual incidence. Results:From 2015 to 2022, 133 972 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar, with a yearly reported incidence rate of 383.64/100 000, showing a rising trend ( TCA=77.03, P<0.001) and then a declining trend ( TCA=176.16, P<0.001). The proportion of pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis had increased yearly ( TCA=132.66, P<0.001). The reported onset time was concentrated from January to June each year, with a peak in April. Yengisar County, Zepu County and Yopurga County had the highest reported incidence rate in Kashgar. The sex ratio of men to women was 1.03∶1, and the reported incidence rate of men was higher than that of women ( χ2=27.04, P<0.001). The reported incidence rate of the group aged 60 years and older was the highest. The patient′s occupation was mainly farmers (84.99%). The average relative errors of the SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model in predicting the reported monthly incidence number and rate were 11.67% and -9.81%, respectively. Both models had good prediction accuracy (MAPE=33.55%, MAPE=38.22%). Conclusion:The average reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kashgar area shows a rising trend first and then a declining trend. The patients are mainly men and farmers, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the elderly in winter and spring. The SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model can fit the trend of reported tuberculosis incidence in the Kashgar area well and have good predictive performance.

Objective:To compare the effect of a 3D-printed ankle and foot orthosis (AFO) with that of a traditional AFO on the recovery of walking function after a stroke.Methods:Thirty-four hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 17. Both groups were taught good limb placement and given joint mobility, standing and walking training for 4 weeks wearing either a 3D-printed or a conventional AFO. Walking speed, walking endurance, and dynamic balance were evaluated before and after the experiment using the 10-metre walk test (10MWT), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the timed up and go test (TUGT). Integrated electromyography (iEMG) was also performed on each subject′s bilateral rectus femoris, anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius muscles during walking, and their healthy and affected side iEMG results were compared to assess the activation of the affected lower limb muscles.Results:After treatment, the 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUGT results of both groups had improved significantly, but the observation group′s average results were then significantly better than those in the control group. The iEMG disparities between the healthy and affected sides had also decreased significantly, but on average the disparities in the observation group were significantly smaller than in the control group.Conclusion:Both types of AFO can effectively improve the walking speed, walking endurance, and dynamic balance of hemiplegic stroke survivors and promote muscle activation in the affected lower limb. A 3D-printed AFO is relatively more effective.

Objective:To explore the central venous catheter maintenance compliance among nurses in Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ hospitals in Hunan Province.Methods:From January to March 2022, 297 nurses from 22 Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ hospitals in Hunan Province were selected as the research subject by convenience sampling. Nurses were surveyed using the self-made Central Venous Catheter Maintenance Compliance Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of nurse compliance with central venous catheter maintenance, the items of the Central Venous Catheter Maintenance Compliance Questionnaire were analyzed.Results:A total of 297 questionnaires were distributed, and 268 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 90.24%. The hospital level, specialized training in intravenous therapy, and age were the influencing factors on the compliance of nurses with central venous catheter maintenance. Analyzing specific items, only 34.3% (92/268) of nurses correctly executed the item "alcohol cotton pads were recommended", and only 66.4% (178/268) of nurses correctly performed the item "sterile gauze dressings should be replaced at least every two days".Conclusions:There is a certain gap in the central venous catheter maintenance compliance among nurses at all levels of hospitals, and there is a need to improve compliance in disinfection of infusion joints and replacement of sterile gauze dressings. We should strengthen the training of specialist nurses, especially the training of nurses in ClassⅡ hospitals on specialized skills related to intravenous therapy.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of reported tuberculosis incidence in Kashgar from 2015 to 2022, and use the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence, providing references for the local control of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:The reported incidence data of tuberculosis in the Kashgar area of Xinjiang from January 2015 to August 2023 were collected through the"Infectious Disease Monitoring System", a subsystem of the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The epidemic characteristics of reported incidence in this area from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. Two SARIMA models of monthly reported incidence number and rate were established. The prediction performance of the two models was evaluated using the reported incidence data of tuberculosis from January 2023 to August 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze population characteristics, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze annual incidence. Results:From 2015 to 2022, 133 972 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar, with a yearly reported incidence rate of 383.64/100 000, showing a rising trend ( TCA=77.03, P<0.001) and then a declining trend ( TCA=176.16, P<0.001). The proportion of pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis had increased yearly ( TCA=132.66, P<0.001). The reported onset time was concentrated from January to June each year, with a peak in April. Yengisar County, Zepu County and Yopurga County had the highest reported incidence rate in Kashgar. The sex ratio of men to women was 1.03∶1, and the reported incidence rate of men was higher than that of women ( χ2=27.04, P<0.001). The reported incidence rate of the group aged 60 years and older was the highest. The patient′s occupation was mainly farmers (84.99%). The average relative errors of the SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model in predicting the reported monthly incidence number and rate were 11.67% and -9.81%, respectively. Both models had good prediction accuracy (MAPE=33.55%, MAPE=38.22%). Conclusion:The average reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kashgar area shows a rising trend first and then a declining trend. The patients are mainly men and farmers, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the elderly in winter and spring. The SARIMA ( 1, 1, 2) ( 0, 1, 1) 12 model and SARIMA ( 0, 1, 1)( 0, 1, 1) 12 model can fit the trend of reported tuberculosis incidence in the Kashgar area well and have good predictive performance.

Objective:To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years. The demographic and economic characteristics and health-related information of the enrolled children were investigated. Body weight and height were measured by professional staff members. The serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the association between vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as their underlying impact factors.Results:The age of the 2 924 enrolled children was 4.33 (3.42, 5.17) years. There were 1 726 males (59.03%) and 1 198 females (40.97%). The prevalences of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency in enrolled children were 2.19% (64/2 924) and 3.52% (103/2 924), respectively, and the insufficiency rates were 29.27% (856/2 924) and 22.20% (649/2 924), respectively. Children with both vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies were found in 10.50% (307/2 924) of cases. Both vitamin A ( χ2=7.91 and 8.06, both P=0.005) and vitamin D ( χ2=71.35 and 115.10, both P<0.001) insufficiency rates were higher in children aged 3-<5 and 5-<7 years than those in children aged 2-<3 years. Vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation in the last 3 months was a protective factor for vitamin A and D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively ( OR=0.68 and 0.22, 95% CI 0.49-0.95 and 0.13-0.40, both P<0.05). The rates of vitamin A and D insufficiency was higher in children with annual household incomes <60 000 RMB than in those with annual household incomes ≥60 000 RMB ( χ2=34.11 and 10.43, both P<0.01). Northwest and Southwest had the highest rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 2-<7 yeas, respectively ( χ2=93.22 and 202.54, both P<0.001). Conclusions:Among 20 cities in China, children aged 2-<7 years experience high rates of vitamin A and vitamin D insufficiency, which are affected by age, family economic level, vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation, and regional economic level. The current results suggest that high level of attention should be paid to vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of preschool children.

To determine the efficacy and safety of selinexor combined with venetoclax (VEN) and azactitidine (AZA) for patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) . Twelve patients with R/R AML treated with selinexor plus VEN and AZA in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2022 to May 2023 were included. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 12 R/R AML patients, 5 (41.7%) achieved complete remission (CR) , 1 (8.3%) achieved CR with incomplete hematological recovery, and 5 (41.7%) achieved partial remission. The median time to reach CR was 28 (16-59) days. The median PFS was 61 (15-300) days. The main adverse event of the regimen was hematological toxicity. No chemotherapy-related deaths were observed. The combination of selinexor plus VEN and AZA is an effective treatment for R/R AML patients.

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal tumor in China， threatening the life and health of patients. Surgery is one of the available therapies， which， however， induces postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction （PGD） and other common complications. The pathogenesis of PGD is still unclear and no efficient targeted drug is available. In addition， the limited treatment measures fail to effectively improve gastrointestinal function. As a result， patients generally suffer from low quality of life and poor prognosis. In Chinese medicine， PGD belongs to the categories of "vomiting"， "stuffiness and fullness"， "regurgitation"， "abdominal distension"， "intestinal impediment"， and "intestinal accumulation". In recent years， there has been an explosion of research on the PGD of gastric cancer in Chinese medicine， and many research results have been obtained. On this basis， this study introduced PGD in modern medicine， and causes and pathogenesis， syndrome differentiation-based treatment， and clinical studies of PGD. It was found that diverse internal and external treatments are available in Chinese medicine for PGD such as internal use of Chinese medicine， Chinese medicine enema， auricular point seed-embedding， acupuncture， and moxibustion， which feature ease of implementation， small side effects， definite efficacy， and significant effect in combination with other therapies. This paper summarized the ideas and measures for treatment of PGD of gastric cancer by Chinese medicine， the research outcomes， limitations， and research directions， which can serve as a reference for further research on treatment of PGD of gastric cancer by Chinese medicine.

Melatonin receptor 1B (MT2, encoded by the MTNR1B gene), a high-affinity receptor for melatonin, is associated with glucose homeostasis including glucose uptake and transport. The rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is linked to glucose metabolism disorders including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the relationship between MT2-mediated melatonin signaling and a high birth weight of GDM infants from maternal glucose abnormality remains poorly understood. This article aims to investigate the relationship between rs10830963 variants and GDM development, as well as the effects of MT2 receptor on glucose uptake and transport in trophoblasts. TaqMan-MGB (minor groove binder) probe quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were used for rs10930963 genotyping. MT2 expression in the placenta of GDM and normal pregnant women was detected by immunofluorescence, western blot, and qPCR. The relationship between MT2 and glucose transporters (GLUTs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was established by western blot, and glucose consumption of trophoblasts was measured by a glucose assay kit. The results showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of rs10830963 were significantly different between GDM and normal pregnant women (P<0.05). The fasting, 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose levels of G-allele carriers were significantly higher than those of C-allele carriers (P<0.05). Besides, the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of MT2 in the placenta of GDM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women (P<0.05). Melatonin could stimulate glucose uptake and GLUT4 and PPARγ protein expression in trophoblasts, which could be attenuated by MT2 receptor knockdown. In conclusion, the rs10830963 variant was associated with an increased risk of GDM. The MT2 receptor is essential for melatonin to raise glucose uptake and transport, which may be mediated by PPARγ.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Blood Glucose/metabolism* ; Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism* ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Melatonin/metabolism* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; PPAR gamma ; Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics*

Objective To investigate the effect of naringenin on the killing rate of natural killer (NK) cells and related mechanism by amplification of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into NK cells in vitro and co-culture with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) CLC5 cells at a ratio of 1∶ 1. Methods A lymphocyte separation medium was used to isolate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were induced with recombinant human interleukin-2 in vitro to culture NK cells. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the proliferation of HCC cells after human HCC cells were treated with naringenin (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μmol/L) for 0, 24, and 48 hours, and after human NK cells were treated with different concentrations of naringenin for 24 hours, CCK-8 assay was used to measure the proliferation of NK cells. CellTiter-LumiTM was used to measure the killing rate of NK cells after the NK-HCC cell co-culture system at the ratio of 1∶ 1 was treated with naringenin for 24 hours. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the gene expression of the activating receptor NKG2D in NK cells and NKG2D ligands in HCC cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results After being induced and cultured by recombinant human interleukin-2, NK cells were amplified to 82.33%±0.70% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After naringenin treatment for 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the proliferation rate of HCC CLC5 cells between all mass concentration groups (all P > 0.05), and in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups, naringenin significantly promoted the proliferation of NK cells (both P < 0.000 1). After the NK-HCC cell co-culture system at the ratio of 1∶ 1 was treated with naringenin for 24 hours, there was a significant increase in the killing rate of NK cells in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups (both P < 0.000 1). After the co-culture system was treated with naringenin for 24 hours, naringenin had no effect on the expression of NKG2D in NK cells in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups, and it also had no effect on the expression of MICB and ULBP2 in HCC cells (all P > 0.05); it significantly upregulated the expression of the NKG2D ligands such as ULBP1 and ULBP3 in HCC cells (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Naringenin may increase the killing activity of NK cells by upregulating the expression of NKG2D ligands in HCC cells.