Objective To explore the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) for early warning of influenza epidemic using two datasets of reported influenza cases and influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Methods Using the reported cases of influenza and ILI in Daxing District, Beijing, from week 23 of 2018 to week 22 of 2024 as data sets, the CUSUM and EWMA models were established, respectively. The positive rate of influenza etiology was used as the ^“gold standard^”, and the Youden index was used as the evaluation index to compare the early warning effect of the two models under different data sets and different parameters. Results In CUSUM, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.751 and 0.635, respectively. In EWMA, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.544 and 0.464, respectively. The optimal EWMA and CUSUM models could both issue early warning signals in advance of the ^“gold standard^”. Conclusion In the influenza epidemic early warning in Daxing District, Beijing, the CUSUM model established with the reported cases of influenza can achieve good early warning effects, but the model parameters need to be dynamically adjusted according to the local epidemic characteristics.

Epidemiological investigations and clinical studies have shown that inappropriate ambient temperatures (high and low temperatures) are the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke, but their underlying physiological mechanisms are not fully understood. This article systematically reviews the potential mechanisms by which inappropriate ambient temperatures promote the occurrence of ischemic stroke through multiple pathways, such as activating the sympathetic-renin-angiotensin system, inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, damaging the integrity of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier, and disrupting coagulation-fibrinolysis balance.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)regulates vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMCs)apoptosis.Methods An in vitro abdominal aortic aneurysm cell model was established by stimulating human VSMCs(HUSMCs)with angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ).Stable ANGPTL8 knockdown and over-expression VSMC cell strains were generated using lentiviral transfection.TUNEL staining was used to de-tect apoptosis.Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression of ANGPTL8,caspase9,caspase3,Bcl-2,Bax,p53,and PUMA,while RT-qPCR was used to assess mRNA expression of ANGPTL8,Bcl-2 and Bax.Results AngⅡ significantly induced ANGPTL8 expression in HVSMCs in a time-and dose-de-pendent manner(P＜0.05).ANGPTL8 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase9,caspase3,and Bax,while increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(P＜0.05).Con-versely,ANGPTL8 over-expression markedly induced HVSMCs apoptosis,which was significantly suppressed by treatment with the p53 pathway inhibitor pifithrin-α(PFT-α).Conclusions ANGPTL8 may promote VSMC apop-tosis by activation of p53 signaling pathway.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.

Objective:In the context of the"dual-channel"management of national medicine,it analyzes the drug purchase selection and influencing factors of local employees in retail pharmacies,and puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the"dual-channel"of national negotiation drugs.Methods:Using the fsQCA method,it analyzes the combination of individual factors(economic level,health status,et al.)and policy factors(policy promotion efforts,policy implementation degree)on patients'retail pharmacy purchasing selects.Results:Three combinations of conditions were obtained,namely"the type of individual and policy factors working together","the type of policy promotion and implementation driving together",and"the type of policy implementation leading".Conclusion:Firstly,improving the ability of prescription circulation and drug supply in designated retail pharmacies;secondly,strengthening the information release of the"dual-channel"management policy;thirdly,building a collaborative management system centered on insured individuals.