Objectives:To compare the differences in three rat intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)models constructed by needle injections of ethanol into the nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,and endplate,respectively.Methods:45 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table method,with 15 rats in each group.Three different needle injection of ethanol methods including nucleus pulposus injection(nucleus pulposus injection group),annulus fibrosus injection(annulus fibrosus injection group),and endplate injection(endplate injection group)were used to construct IDD models at the Co6/7 intervertebral disc in rats.At 1,2,3,and 4 weeks post-modeling,3 rats from each group were randomly selected using a random number table for X-ray examination to measure and calculate the disc height index(DHI)of the Co6/7 in rats.Subsequently,rats were euthanized under excessive anesthesia,and the Co6/7 intervertebral disc along with adjacent vertebral bodies were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to observe degeneration,and the degeneration degree was histologically scored.Results:One rat in each of the nucleus pulposus injection group and annulus fibrosus injection group died unexpectedly due to anesthesia;In the endplate injection group,two rats died due to postoperative infection.At 1,2,3,and 4 weeks after modeling,3 rats were selected from each group of the remaining rats,and a total of 36 rats were included in the result analysis.The remaining rats were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia.One week after modeling,the Co6/7 DHI in each group was lower than that before modeling(Nucleus pulposus injection group:0.117±0.002 vs 0.134±0.005;Annulus fibrosus injection group:0.126±0.005 vs 0.133±0.005;Endplate injection group:0.127±0.002 vs 0.130±0.007,all P＜0.05),which gradually decreased over time.After modeling in each group,the annulus fibrosus broke,the arrangement of fibers gradually became disordered,the matrix and cells of the nucleus pulposus were gradually lost or even completely disappeared,the intervertebral discs gradually collapsed,and the intervertebral spaces gradually narrowed.The degeneration rate and degree of the nucleus pulposus injection group were faster and higher than those of the other two groups.Four weeks after modeling,the DHI of the nucleus pulposus injection group was 0.090±0.008,which was lower than that of the annulus fibrosus injection group(0.106±0.007,P＜0.05)and endplate injection group(0.109±0.000,P＜0.05);The histological score of the nucleus pulposus injection group was 10.00±0.82,which was higher than that of the annulus fibrosus injection group(9.00±1.41,P＜0.05)and endplate injection group(8.75±0.96,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The three needle injection of ethanol methods have their own unique characteristics for constructing IDD models.Nucleus pulposus injection induces the fastest and most severe degeneration,endplate injection leads to slower degeneration but is more in line with natural degeneration processes,and annulus fibrosus injection falls between the other two methods in terms of degeneration characteristics.

Objective:To analyze the influence factors of urinary tract infection after transurethral bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate (TUPEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), and the early predictive value of serum inflammatory indicators for postoperative urinary tract infection.Methods:A total of 300 patients with BPH who received TUPEP treatment in the Department of Urology, Kailuan General Hospital from January 2021 to August 2023 were selected, according to whether they had urinary tract infections after the operation, they were divided into infection group ( n=117) and non-infection group ( n=183). The clinical data of the two groups were collected, and the serum inflammatory indexes of the two groups were recorded within 24 hours after the operation, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil granulocyte (NE%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), heparin-binding protein (HBP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and serum ferritin (SF). The differences of clinical data and serum inflammatory indexes between the two groups were analyzed. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for inter-group comparisons. The measurement data of non- normal distribution were represented by median (interquartile range) [ M ( Q1, Q3)], and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparison. The count data were expressed as cases and percentage, and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the Chi-test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explored the influencing factors of urinary tract infections in BPH patients after TUPEP surgery. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 medical plotting softwar to evaluate the predictive value of serum inflammatory markers and combined detection of multiple markers for early postoperative urinary tract infections. Results:The duration of disease, history of diabetes, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate volume, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, preoperative urine residual volume, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheter indwelling time, and hospitalization time in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group ( P<0.05). The preoperative 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level and maximum urinary flow rate were lower in the infection group than those in the non- infection group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of the disease, history of diabetes, IPSS score, prostate volume, preoperative PSA level, preoperative urine residual volume, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheter indwelling time was positively correlated with urinary tract infection after TUPEP ( B=0.660, 0.242, 0.164, 0.125, 0.230, 0.066, 0.382, 0.022, 0.436, P<0.01), and preoperative 25OHD level and preoperative maximum urinary flow rate were negatively correlated with urinary tract infection after TUPEP ( B=-0.216, -0.372, P<0.01). The levels of hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group ( P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF in early predicting urinary tract infection after TUPEP in BPH patients were 0.697, 0.775, 0.902, 0.873, 0.884, 0.904, 0.917, 0.823, 0.906, 0.852, 0.807, 0.787. The AUC of the combined detection of multiple serum inflammatory markers was 0.972, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.18% and 96.63%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of multiple serum inflammatory markers were higher than those of separate detection. Conclusion:The course of BPH, whether to combine history of diabetes, preoperative IPSS score, prostate volume, preoperative PSA level, preoperative 25OHD level, preoperative maximum urinary flow rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative catheter indwelling time are influencing factors of urinary tract infection after TUPEP, hs-CRP, SAA, PCT, HBP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SF had certain value in the early prediction of urinary tract infection after TUPEP in patients with BPH, the combination of multiple indicators can improve the predictive value of early urinary tract infection.

Objectives:To compare the differences in three rat intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)models constructed by needle injections of ethanol into the nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,and endplate,respectively.Methods:45 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table method,with 15 rats in each group.Three different needle injection of ethanol methods including nucleus pulposus injection(nucleus pulposus injection group),annulus fibrosus injection(annulus fibrosus injection group),and endplate injection(endplate injection group)were used to construct IDD models at the Co6/7 intervertebral disc in rats.At 1,2,3,and 4 weeks post-modeling,3 rats from each group were randomly selected using a random number table for X-ray examination to measure and calculate the disc height index(DHI)of the Co6/7 in rats.Subsequently,rats were euthanized under excessive anesthesia,and the Co6/7 intervertebral disc along with adjacent vertebral bodies were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to observe degeneration,and the degeneration degree was histologically scored.Results:One rat in each of the nucleus pulposus injection group and annulus fibrosus injection group died unexpectedly due to anesthesia;In the endplate injection group,two rats died due to postoperative infection.At 1,2,3,and 4 weeks after modeling,3 rats were selected from each group of the remaining rats,and a total of 36 rats were included in the result analysis.The remaining rats were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia.One week after modeling,the Co6/7 DHI in each group was lower than that before modeling(Nucleus pulposus injection group:0.117±0.002 vs 0.134±0.005;Annulus fibrosus injection group:0.126±0.005 vs 0.133±0.005;Endplate injection group:0.127±0.002 vs 0.130±0.007,all P＜0.05),which gradually decreased over time.After modeling in each group,the annulus fibrosus broke,the arrangement of fibers gradually became disordered,the matrix and cells of the nucleus pulposus were gradually lost or even completely disappeared,the intervertebral discs gradually collapsed,and the intervertebral spaces gradually narrowed.The degeneration rate and degree of the nucleus pulposus injection group were faster and higher than those of the other two groups.Four weeks after modeling,the DHI of the nucleus pulposus injection group was 0.090±0.008,which was lower than that of the annulus fibrosus injection group(0.106±0.007,P＜0.05)and endplate injection group(0.109±0.000,P＜0.05);The histological score of the nucleus pulposus injection group was 10.00±0.82,which was higher than that of the annulus fibrosus injection group(9.00±1.41,P＜0.05)and endplate injection group(8.75±0.96,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The three needle injection of ethanol methods have their own unique characteristics for constructing IDD models.Nucleus pulposus injection induces the fastest and most severe degeneration,endplate injection leads to slower degeneration but is more in line with natural degeneration processes,and annulus fibrosus injection falls between the other two methods in terms of degeneration characteristics.

Getah virus(GETV)is an arbovirus capable of infecting humans and vertebrates such as horses and pigs via blood-sucking mosquitoes,which is extremely harmful to the livestock indus-try.Current monitoring methods are time-consuming,costly,and dependent on specialized instru-ments.These characteristics hinder rapid detection in clinical samples.Therefore,the development of a simple,rapid,specific,and sensitive method for detecting GETV antigen is crucial for the pre-vention and control of GETV.In this study,a GETV E1 monoclonal antibody strain SD17/09-E1-mAb was prepared by a prokaryotic expression system for GETV E1 protein expression,and a col-loidal gold double-antibody sandwich assay encapsulating two strains of GETV E1 monoclonal an-tibody wasestablished.The results showed that the prepared colloidal gold test strips had good sen-sitivity and did not cross-react with other common porcine virus-positive tissue samples;the test strips had a high compliance rate with the IFA assay for GETV,and could be stored at 37 ℃ for one month and at room temperature for at least three months.In this study,a colloidal gold anti-surveillance test strip for rapid detection of GETV was successfully prepared,which provides a powerful tool for GETV detection.

Getah virus(GETV)is an arbovirus capable of infecting humans and vertebrates such as horses and pigs via blood-sucking mosquitoes,which is extremely harmful to the livestock indus-try.Current monitoring methods are time-consuming,costly,and dependent on specialized instru-ments.These characteristics hinder rapid detection in clinical samples.Therefore,the development of a simple,rapid,specific,and sensitive method for detecting GETV antigen is crucial for the pre-vention and control of GETV.In this study,a GETV E1 monoclonal antibody strain SD17/09-E1-mAb was prepared by a prokaryotic expression system for GETV E1 protein expression,and a col-loidal gold double-antibody sandwich assay encapsulating two strains of GETV E1 monoclonal an-tibody wasestablished.The results showed that the prepared colloidal gold test strips had good sen-sitivity and did not cross-react with other common porcine virus-positive tissue samples;the test strips had a high compliance rate with the IFA assay for GETV,and could be stored at 37 ℃ for one month and at room temperature for at least three months.In this study,a colloidal gold anti-surveillance test strip for rapid detection of GETV was successfully prepared,which provides a powerful tool for GETV detection.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) and that of O-arm navigation in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 29 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture who had been treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation at Department Ⅰ of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to different navigation methods. In group UVN of 17 cases, there were 14 males and 3 females with a mean age of 50.0 (44.0, 53.5) years, and the pedicle screw fixation was guided by UVN; in group O-arm of 12 cases, there were 10 males and 2 females with an age of (40.6±11.1) years, and the pedicle screw fixation was guided by O-arm navigation. The 2 groups were compared in terms of insertion time per screw, total dose of intraoperative radiation, radiation dose per screw, accuracy of screw placement, rate of facet joint violation, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores for lumbar pain at postoperative 1, 3, and 6 months.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the insertion time per screw between group UVN and group O-arm [(13.2±1.3) min versus (14.1±1.3) min] ( P>0.05). The total dose of intraoperative radiation and radiation dose per screw in group UVN [(1.80±0.54) mSv and (0.41±0.10) mSv] were significantly lower than those in group O-arm [(3.52±0.33) mSv and (0.85±0.11) mSv] ( P<0.05). The accuracy of screw placement and rate of facet joint violation in group UVN [94.7% (71/75) and 17.6% (3/17)] were not significantly different from those in group O-arm [92.2% (47/51) and 8.3% (1/12)]] ( P>0.05). The VAS score at postoperative 1 month in group UVN [4.0 (3.5, 5.0) points] was significantly lower than that in group O-arm [5.0 (5.0, 6.0) points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the VAS pain scores at postoperative 3 and 6 months ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, screw placement guided by UVN is as time-saving, intuitive, and accurate as that guided by O-arm navigation. However, UVN is better than O-arm navigation in radiation avoidance and pain relief.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) and that of O-arm navigation in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 29 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture who had been treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation at Department Ⅰ of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to different navigation methods. In group UVN of 17 cases, there were 14 males and 3 females with a mean age of 50.0 (44.0, 53.5) years, and the pedicle screw fixation was guided by UVN; in group O-arm of 12 cases, there were 10 males and 2 females with an age of (40.6±11.1) years, and the pedicle screw fixation was guided by O-arm navigation. The 2 groups were compared in terms of insertion time per screw, total dose of intraoperative radiation, radiation dose per screw, accuracy of screw placement, rate of facet joint violation, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores for lumbar pain at postoperative 1, 3, and 6 months.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the insertion time per screw between group UVN and group O-arm [(13.2±1.3) min versus (14.1±1.3) min] ( P>0.05). The total dose of intraoperative radiation and radiation dose per screw in group UVN [(1.80±0.54) mSv and (0.41±0.10) mSv] were significantly lower than those in group O-arm [(3.52±0.33) mSv and (0.85±0.11) mSv] ( P<0.05). The accuracy of screw placement and rate of facet joint violation in group UVN [94.7% (71/75) and 17.6% (3/17)] were not significantly different from those in group O-arm [92.2% (47/51) and 8.3% (1/12)]] ( P>0.05). The VAS score at postoperative 1 month in group UVN [4.0 (3.5, 5.0) points] was significantly lower than that in group O-arm [5.0 (5.0, 6.0) points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the VAS pain scores at postoperative 3 and 6 months ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, screw placement guided by UVN is as time-saving, intuitive, and accurate as that guided by O-arm navigation. However, UVN is better than O-arm navigation in radiation avoidance and pain relief.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of O-arm navigation and ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) in guiding screw placement during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients who underwent MIS-TLIF surgery for lumbar disc herniation between June 2022 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to group A (screw placement guided by UVN during MIS-TLIF) or group B (screw placement guided by O-arm navigation during MIS-TLIF), with 30 cases in each group. There was no significant difference in baseline data, including gender, age, body mass index, and surgical segment, between the two groups ( P>0.05). Intraoperative data, including average single screw placement time, total radiation dose, and average single screw effective radiation dose, were recorded and calculated. Postoperatively, X-ray film and CT scans were performed at 10 days to evaluate screw placement accuracy and assess facet joint violation. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses were used to observe the relationship between the studied parameters (average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading) and BMI. RESULTS: The average single screw placement time in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A, and the total radiation dose of single segment and multi-segment and the average single screw effective radiation dose in group B were significantly higher than those in group A ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total radiation dose between single segment and multiple segments in group B ( P>0.05), while the total radiation dose of multiple segments was significantly higher than that of single segment in group A ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the accuracy of screw implantation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In both groups, the grade 1 and grade 2 screws broke through the outer wall of the pedicle, and no screw broke through the inner wall of the pedicle. There was no significant difference in the rate of facet joint violation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In group A, both the average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading were positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.677, P<0.001; r=0.222, P=0.012), while in group B, neither of them was correlated with BMI ( r=0.224, P=0.233; r=0.034, P=0.697). CONCLUSION UVN-guided screw placement in MIS-TLIF surgery demonstrates comparable efficiency, visualization, and accuracy to O-arm navigation, while significantly reducing radiation exposure. However, it may be influenced by factors such as obesity, which poses certain limitations.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Pedicle Screws ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To observe the effect of interleukin-8 (IL-8) on the adhesion and migration of retinal vascular endothelial cells (RCEC).Methods:A cell experiment. Human RCEC (hRCEC) was divided into normal control group (N group), advanced glycation end product (AGE) treatment group (AGE group), and AGE-induced combined IL-8 antagonist SB225002 treatment group (AGE+SB group). The effect of AGE on IL-8 expression in hRCEC was observed by Western blot. The effect of SB225002 on hRCEC migration was observed by cell scratch assay. The effects of SB225002 on leukocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on hRCEC were detected by flow cytometry. Student- t test was performed between the two groups. Oneway analysis of variance was performed among the three groups. Results:Compared with group N, the expression level of IL-8 in cells of AGE group was significantly increased, with statistical significance ( t=25.661, P<0.001). Compared with N group and AGE+SB group, cell mobility in AGE group was significantly increased ( F=29.776), leukocyte adhesion number was significantly increased ( F=38.159, 38.556), ROS expression level was significantly increased ( F=22.336), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:IL-8 antagonist SB225002 may down-regulate hRCEC adhesion and migration by inhibiting ROS expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of naringenin on the killing rate of natural killer (NK) cells and related mechanism by amplification of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into NK cells in vitro and co-culture with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) CLC5 cells at a ratio of 1∶ 1. Methods A lymphocyte separation medium was used to isolate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were induced with recombinant human interleukin-2 in vitro to culture NK cells. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the proliferation of HCC cells after human HCC cells were treated with naringenin (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μmol/L) for 0, 24, and 48 hours, and after human NK cells were treated with different concentrations of naringenin for 24 hours, CCK-8 assay was used to measure the proliferation of NK cells. CellTiter-LumiTM was used to measure the killing rate of NK cells after the NK-HCC cell co-culture system at the ratio of 1∶ 1 was treated with naringenin for 24 hours. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the gene expression of the activating receptor NKG2D in NK cells and NKG2D ligands in HCC cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results After being induced and cultured by recombinant human interleukin-2, NK cells were amplified to 82.33%±0.70% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After naringenin treatment for 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the proliferation rate of HCC CLC5 cells between all mass concentration groups (all P > 0.05), and in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups, naringenin significantly promoted the proliferation of NK cells (both P < 0.000 1). After the NK-HCC cell co-culture system at the ratio of 1∶ 1 was treated with naringenin for 24 hours, there was a significant increase in the killing rate of NK cells in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups (both P < 0.000 1). After the co-culture system was treated with naringenin for 24 hours, naringenin had no effect on the expression of NKG2D in NK cells in the 25 and 50 μmol/L mass concentration groups, and it also had no effect on the expression of MICB and ULBP2 in HCC cells (all P > 0.05); it significantly upregulated the expression of the NKG2D ligands such as ULBP1 and ULBP3 in HCC cells (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Naringenin may increase the killing activity of NK cells by upregulating the expression of NKG2D ligands in HCC cells.